Le cathode kunye anode - umanyano kunye nomzabalazo izichasi

Le cathode kunye anode - iinxalenye ezimbini inkqubo yophando: ukuhamba yangoku yombane. Zonke ezi zibonelelo zokufunda zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini - izinikezeli, isakhiwo apho ezithile elikhulu elektroni simahla kunye dielectrics (apho electron ezingenawo phantse).

Ingcamango ekhoyo yombane

yangoku zombane - na intshukumo enocwangco kwezinto yamasuntswana amacala isakhiwo phantsi kwempembelelo ntshikilelo electromagnetic. Ukuba isicelo kumqhubi ombane DC, electron free kokuba intlawulo ebonisa intshukumo enocwangco ukuya anode (i electrode kakuhle ebizwayo) loMthetho cathode (electrode kakubi icala). Le ngoku kuya kumpompoza ngokufanelekileyo kwicala umva. A cathode kunye anode - electrode ezimbini, phakathi leyo wambumba edge (umahluko) ntshikilelo electromagnetic.

Abaqhubi kunye insulators

Abaqhubi kunye insulators abe eqinileyo, ulwelo kunye izinto sukube. Kungenxa nokungena umbane Akukhathaliseki. isicelo elide le ombane magnetic ukuya eziphathekayo ngoxa cathode iya kuyilwa agqithisile elektroni kwi anode kunye - nokunqongophala yayo. Ukuba ombane sifakwa elide ngokwaneleyo, isakhiwo umbandela apho kwenziwa i anode, electron ziya obenokuphepha ezinxulumene kunye ne-athom kunye nezinto uqalisa ukuba asabele iikhemikhali kunye nezinto iikhemikhali esebenzayo ukusuka kokusingqongileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba electrolysis.

electrolysis

Le cathode kunye anode kwi electrochemistry izibonda ezimbini ziyasetyenziswa saline okanye kunyibilika ukuba ombane rhoqo kagesi. Xa electron yangoku excess ukusuka anode iqala ukuba ndiludilize, ngamanye amazwi, ngokwabo ngokuqinisekileyo wamwisela athom iziyobisi ziya kuwela anetyuwa (okusingqongileyo) mazigqithiselwe cathode apho sedipozithi ifomu okuhlamba. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba electroplating. Ukusebenzisa electroplating isale i maleko ubhityileyo zinc, copper, igolide, isilivere nezinye zesinyithi, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni cathode, yaye yintoni na le misebenzi ukuba wenza electrolysis? Oku kuqondwa xa manyathelo alandelayo: ukuba wenze anode zazenziwe ngobhedu okanye tin ke uvule ngaphandle cathode i ibhodi yesekethe, legqunyiwe ngomaleko ubhityileyo etotini okanye ubhedu (ezisetyenziswa kushishino yekhompyutha). Yi indlela enye, anqabileyo ngegolide engathi ngumfanekiswana, aluminiyam yobhedu-evathe kwaye nkqu ezinjengeetheminali ngegolide engathi ngumfanekiswana ukuba zobunjineli bombane ukwenzela ukuphucula Unikezelo lombane.

Iimpendulo zemibuzo iyini na anode kwaye cathode ngexesha electrolysis zisekuhleni: i anode ngenxa ukuhamba of current ngqo ngokusebenzisa anetyuwa ibhuqiwe, kwaye cathode lifumana izinto anode. Nkqu gama onjalo yavela kwi electroplating medium - "anodizing le cathode". intsingiselo Physical ayikwazi wasivula, kodwa undoqo ngqo umbuzo ibonisa ngokupheleleyo.

semiconductors

Semiconductors yinto ecingisisiweyo isakhiwo electron simahla yaye atomic zigcinwe kwiindawo zabo ezimbi. Ukuba izinto sikwimo elulwelo okanye sukube ibekwe Imagnethi yomhlaba, uze yona ukuba lukhuni ke uvule semiconductor ngombane structured, nto leyo iza kwenza i zangoku kwicala elinye kuphela. Ukususela kulo mbandela, usebenzisa impahla ikhankanywe apha ngasentla, ukwenza ilight. Ezo ntlobo zimbini:

a) «PNP» conductivity;

b) a «npn» conductivity.

Nto ithetha ukuba, fineness lwesakhiwo diode awungeni ndawo. Kubalulekile ukudibanisa eyiyo diode yombane. Apho anode, apho cathode - umbuzo emangalisiwe abaninzi. Le diode unalo ubhalo ezizodwa; okanye A kunye K, okanye + ne -. Kuyenzeka ukudibanisa diode ngeendlela ezimbini kuphela DC busebenze. Xa kunokwenzeka, omnye diode elungileyo liya kuqhuba yangoku, kunye nezinye - ngeke. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uthathe isixhobo, apho ukwazi ngokucacileyo apho cathode kunye anode apho, uze uqhagamshele kwi diode. Ukuba ifowuni iyaluveza ubukho ngoku, lo diode eso sifakwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, isixhobo kunye cathode le cathode diode kunye anode lesixhobo kunye anode le diode zilungelelaniswe. Kungenjalo, kufuneka utshintshe iingongoma kokuxhuma.

1. Ukuba diode ayilwamkeli ngoku macala omabini, malitshiswe, loo nto inokulungiswa.

2. Ukuba phezu koko, Reeves, ngenqindi. Kufuneka isuswe.

Ungene ama abahloli kunye samplers. Xa cathode diode kunye anode ke ubeka incamathele kumgwebo yabo izinto azifani imithombo galvanic amandla (iibhetri, iibhetri njalo njalo. P.).

Cathode nezinto semiconductor (ode) i electrode yombane yesekethe (umlenze), ukusuka apho (+) kho nelungileyo. Ngenxa wesekethe elidityaniswe kuyo ibe unikezelo kakubi igunya. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kwi diode semiconductor amanzi ngqo kwi kulwalathiso anode ukuya cathode. On eesekethe zombane ukuba sigqitywe ngokomfuziselo kwaye iboniswe.

Ukuba omnye umlenze lo diode (electrode) eqhagamshelwe ombane nokuxuba, i electrode yesibini, siye sifumane isiqingatha-sine ukubetha kwentliziyo entle okanye embi. Xa uqhagamshela ilight ezimbini ibhulorho, siya sigcine umbane bulungiswe yi kakhulu rhoqo.

imithombo galvanic DC - ibhetri (ibhetri)

Le cathode kunye anode kwezi mveliso lize ngokuxhomekeke kwicala umbane, kuba kwimeko enye kuwo ombane uyeza, kwaye bona ngokwabo ngenxa ngayo yamachiza imithombo DC. Apha kuya kubakho electrode ipleyiti ezimbi nezilungileyo - cathode. Kwelinye icala, kwi accumulator kwenzeka inkqubo electrolysis oluqhelekileyo.

Xa ngaba ibhetri ingatshajwanga kunye indlela acid, wakhonza njengomthombo wamandla ombane wayeka, kufuneka agcwalisiwe yi njengomthombo wamandla wangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, siya ngokusungula inkqubo electrolysis, ie ukubuyisela iimpawu yokuqala ibhetri galvanic. I cathode battery kufuneka isicelo unalo ityala elibi, kwaye anode - yi HIV, ngoko ke ibhetri uya agcwalisiwe.

Ngoko ke, impendulo yombuzo ukuba buyintoni cathode kunye anode kwi iseli galvanic, kuxhomekeke kokuxhuzulwa okanye umthombo umbane yangoku.

isiphelo

Njengoko summation kuchazwe ngentla apha, kukho cathode - i electrode apho kukho agqithisile elektroni, kwaye anode - i electrode apho kukho ukunqongophala electron. Kodwa dibanisa okanye thabatha kwi ezithile electrode element busebenze buchazwa icala aya yangoku.