Umsebenzi metal ezininzi yokubonisa iimpawu ezingundoqo zezi zinto

Iintsimbi zezona ezizodwa kakhulu ezibalulekileyo ngeendlela ezininzi imichiza. Phantse bonke bephela luphawulwa iipropati ezifana conductivity elungileyo zombane, ayenechaphothi, conductivity thermal. Ngelo xesha, phakathi kwabo amanye amaqela abo iimpawu kwahluka eziphathekayo zinako ukuqatshelwa. Ezinye zezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo yaba sisiseko kweekhonsepthi ezifana "uthotho lomsebenzi metal."

Isinyithi zaziwa kubalulwa kukuba ngexesha ekudibaneni kwemichiza ukunika electron simahla. Kwisantya yale nkqubo kuxhomekeke nokuqukuqela isakhono electrode. Kwelinye icala, ezi amaxabiso wakhonza njengesiseko ukuze ukwenza inani uxinzeleko metal - ulandelelwano olunemiqathango isalamane oluphawula ukukwazi i element azithethelele izinto ezithile.

Yeemeko lubeka isiqalelo ngasinye ngomgca elinikiweyo lulandelayo yokuba kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwakhiwa yesisombululo, benza ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi esebenzayo. Amaxabiso avareji na imveliso kubushushu isisombululo-25 degrees Celsius kunye noxinzelelo enye yeegesi emoyeni. Kwaba phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, iqela lomsebenzi wentsimbi kuthatha ifomu leyo abaziqhelileyo wonke kwikhondo chemistry yesikolo.

Kuzo zonke ezi mpawu zilandelayo uluhlu iimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, kukho inani uxinzeleko metal kunokusinceda kwangaphambili ukuba siziphathe ngayo izinto ezithile ngexesha indlela: kwabemiyo apha ngokulandelelana ukuya ekhohlo, iya kuthatha indawo abo ukuba ilungelo kubo. Okwesibini, ukuba element Okuseleyo hydrogen olunokubakho electrode kwenziwa ukwamkela zero, oko asuse kuyo izisombululo acid. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa lithium, isodiyam, potassium kunye nezinye izinto kwealkali. Ekugqibeleni, okwesithathu, kukho inani umsebenzi but is luncedo kakhulu ekudaleni iiseli galvanic: ibanga ngaphandle kukhona izinto zayo, ayanda amathuba yombane yenzeka phakathi kwabo.

Le ndlela intsha ilawulwa koko iintsimbi asuse enye evela izisombululo netyuwa phakathi kwenu, Yaduma etafileni yakhe Isazinzulu Russian ezibalaseleyo Beketov. Le theyibhile iye yafakelwa noko apha naphaya yaye wakhonza njengesiseko yokuba ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyaziwa ngokuba yi "inani zesinyithi esebenzayo."

Exakayo ukuthelekisa iipateni ezithile ezivela Table Periodic kunye nolandelelwano elinikiweyo. Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe umsebenzi Mendeleev, potassium kufuneka isebenze ngakumbi sodium kunye lithium, kodwa inani uxinzeleko unika umfanekiso eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Esona sizathu siphambili yale ntswela ilele kumabala, ezenza isiseko ezi ulandelelwano. inkqubo Periodic ibonakalisa utshintsho kwexabiso le amandla ionization ezi athom, kunye Beketova nolandelelwano - uhlobo lomsebenzi, ukuba wenziwe ukuba omnye okanye enye elementi karhulumente okuqinileyo ibe ezininzi ion kwi ingcamango isisombululo zolwelo.