Schleiden and Schwann - abaxholi bamatye yokuqala theory cell

komzimba Russian Ivan Pavlov fanele Science kuthelekiswa kwindawo yokwakha, apho ulwazi njengoko iibhloko zokwakha zinika inkqubo isiseko. Kwaye ke theory iseli kunye nabaseki bawo - Schleiden kunye Schwann - ekwabelwana ngabo zemvelo ezininzi izazinzulu, kunye nabalandeli babo. Enye bemeko- thiyori ngesakhiwo yeselula ye eziphilayo Virchow wakha wathi, "simi phezu kwamagxa Schwann Schleiden." Yaba umsebenzi odibeneyo oosonzululwazi amabini kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku. Malunga iseli theory of Schleiden kunye Schwann.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

Xa eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu igqwetha oselula Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) wagqiba ukutshintsha ubomi bakhe, kunokuba ayikho emehlweni abo bonke kunye nosapho. Ukujula indlela mthetho, igqithiselwe Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg. Kwaye kwiminyaka 35 waba unjingalwazi kwiSebe Botany kunye Physiology University of izityalo Jena. umsebenzi walo Schleiden sibonakala ngokwenzeka indlela yokuzala kweeseli. Xa imisebenzi yakhe wamchaza igunya undoqo kwinkqubo lokuzala, kodwa akazange abone kwihi ku ubume iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Kwinqaku "Kumbuzo kwezityalo" (1844) yena uthi kuxhaphakile isakhiwo plant cells, kungakhathaliseki ndawo umntu akuyo yabo. Hlola inqaku lakhe ubhala komzimba German Iogann Myuller, umncedisi ngelo xesha Theodor Schwann.

umbingeleli ayiphumelelanga

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) wafunda kwi-Faculty of Philosophy weYunivesithi eBonn, kuba ndandicinga ukuba yiloo ndlela esikufutshane iphupha lakhe - ukuba abe ngumbingeleli. Noko ke, umdla kwimbali yemvelo namandla kangangokuba Theodore University waphumelela sele Faculty of Medicine. Ukusebenza njenge oncedisayo ekubhekiselwe I. Müller, iminyaka emihlanu, wenza abaninzi ezifunyaniswe eyayiza kuba awaneleyo okuba eminye izazinzulu. Le Ukuqapheliseka pepsin in juice esiswini kunye imifinya ze luvo. Yaba nguye owaba inxaxheba ngqo amagwele kwinkqubo ukubila.

nabo

Izazinzulu ngoko Germany ayikho phezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, intlanganiso zezazinzulu German Schleiden kunye Schwann kokuvalelwa. Yena sangenisa a cafe kwenye esidlo sasemini, ngo-1838. oogxa elizayo baxoxe ngomsebenzi wabo. Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann wabelana ingqalelo yakhe ebangela eziba iiseli. Ngokuphinda yemifuniselo Schleiden, Schwann ukufunda iiseli zezilwanyana. Banxibelelana kakhulu yaye babe ngabahlobo. Kwaye emva konyaka kukho umsebenzi joint "uviwo ngemikroskopu yokufana kulwakhiwo kunye nophuhliso iiyunithi eziziziqalelo zezilwanyana yemifuno imvelaphi," awayenzayo Schleiden kunye Schwann abaseki imfundiso yeseli, isakhiwo sayo kunye nokusebenza.

Imfundiso isakhiwo yeselula

Le postulate engundoqo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi Schwann kunye Schleiden, - le nto ebomini iiseli zonke izinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi omnye isiJamani - sezifo Rudolfa Virhova - ngo-1858 ekugqibeleni uzise ukucacisa ngakumbi la iiseli iinkqubo ebalulekileyo. Yaba nguye owathi wongeza umsebenzi Schleiden kunye Schwann postulate entsha. "Wonke iseli yeseli", - wamfaka aphelise isizukulwana yazenzekela imiba yobomi. Rudolfa Virhova abaninzi bacinga i co-umbhali, kwaye eminye imithombo basebenzisa amazwi athi "iseli theory of Schwann, Schleiden, kunye Virchow."

Le mfundiso yakutshanje yokuhlala

sekudlule One elinamanci asibhozo iminyaka ukususela ngaloo mzuzu, sidibanise ulwazi iyahlolwa kwaye yeengcingane eziphilayo, kodwa isisekelo wahlala iseli theory of Schleiden kunye Schwann, iinkolelo esisiseko eyile:

• Self-ntsha, self-ukuzandisa kunye iseli self ndo - sisiseko kwaye iyunithi ezisisiseko ebomini.
• Ngokuba zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni esibonakala ubume babo twatse.
• Iseli i iseti Iipholima leyo ukusungulwa ezivela kumacandelo ezingaphiliyo.
• ukwanda kwabo ufezwa ukulaba iseli unina.
• eziphilayo Multicellular ibandakanya iiseli ezikhethekileyo nyama, organ kunye nenkqubo.
• Zonke iiseli ezikhethekileyo akhiwa kule umahluko of totipotent.

bifurcation point

Theory izazinzulu German Matthias Schleiden kunye Teodora Shvanna zaguquka kuphuhliso yenzululwazi. Onke amasebe ulwazi - histology, cytology, ezinto eziphilayo, anatomy ngezifo, amalungu, ezinto embryology, kwemvelo, kunye nabanye abaninzi - baye bafumana negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso. Ithiyori, enika ulwazi olutsha Uthethathethwano ngaphakathi zezinto eziphilayo, iye kwavula zexa ezintsha abaphandi, ngubani ukuzisebenzisa. Russian Ivan Chistyakov (1874) kunye sebhayoloji Polish-German E. Strasburger (1875) baveze indlela of mitotic division (maqanda) iseli. Ilandelwa yi ukufunyanwa zofuzo ngumongo kunye nendima yayo ufuzo kunye ukutshintshwa kwe eziphilayo, inkqubo ukuphindaphindeka inguqulelo ye-DNA kunye nendima yayo ngakwicala leeprothini biosynthesis, amandla kunye yokucola zeplastiki kwi ribosomes, gametogenesis kwaye ukuyilwa kwento elilodwa zokucazulula.

Zonke ezi ndlela Izitena ukwakha inzululwazi yeseli njengeyunithi zesakhiwo isiseko zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni uMhlaba. ulwazi Industry, isiseko leyo wayibeka phezu kwesayensi abahlobo kunye nabo, yintoni ke oosonzululwazi German Schleiden kunye Schwann. Namhlanje, axhobe zebhayoloji microscopy electron akuvumelekile amashumi amakhulu amaxesha kunye nezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, iindlela lwemitha bokulebhelisha isotopic of zokukhanya, ubuchwepheshe Ukulinganisa yemfuza, embryology ngumntu, kodwa iseli usahleli isakhiwo kunazo zonke zobomi. Zonke izinto ezintsha malunga isakhiwo sayo kunye nokusebenza bazise lesayensi ukuya eluphahleni lwesakhiwo, kodwa akukho namnye unako ukuqikelela ukuba ekwakhiweni kwayo iza kugqitywa nini. Okwangoku, isakhiwo ayikagqitywa, yaye sonke sijonge phambili yokuvela kwezinto ezintsha.