Law-ukwenza inkqubo: ingqiqo kunye nezigaba

Kwemithetho - yenye yeendawo eziphambili komsebenzi karhulumente. Ngokwangoku, ekuqondeni kwakhe, kukho izinto ezimbini. Phantsi kwe-ekwenziweni komthetho ngengqiqo emxinwa libhekisela inkqubo yokudala abasemagunyeni abanobuchule yomthetho. Le ngcamango enye ekutolikeni ezibanzi ibandakanya iqela ngamanqanaba, ukususela uqala ukuphunyezwa imithetho ethile yezomthetho ngokwenza-komthetho practice. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kuquka uqeqesho, isigqibo, kunye namanye amaxwebhu ashicilelwe.

Izifundo inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho - elijongene nemizimba egunyazisiweyo ukuyila, utshintsho, ukunqunyanyiswa okanye ukupheliswa ulawulo lomthetho, kwakunye sibabandeza sokusebenza zomthetho. Ezi amagunya karhulumente, urhulumente xa lilonke, iinkundla, amagosa, oorhulumente beengingqi, abantu, amaqela abasebenzi, njalo-njalo. D.

Iinkcazelo R. Lukic and AS Pigolkin

-Ekwenziweni komthetho, ngokutsho imboniselo emveli, umsebenzi karhulumente, leyo ijolise ekudaleni izithethe zomthetho. Ngelo xesha R. Lukic ikuchaza ngokuthi yinkqubo engelula, nto leyo equka imisebenzi ukuba ibe uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi yengqondo. Ngamnye kubo olwenziwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namacebo. Kulo mzekelo, ingqiqo inkqubo ekwenziweni komthetho ibonwa nje umsebenzi ingqondo yomntu, ngokusesikweni ngokusemthethweni. Ngapha koko, eyona njongo, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, ukudala nemithetho ethile ngokusemthethweni.

inkqubo Pravotvorchesky njengoko kuchaziwe AS Pigolkin yinto yemihla iintshukumo (ebonakalayo ngokusemthethweni) wokulungisa, yaye ukwamkela ekugqibeleni yommiselo yopapasho. Ezi zenzo zithi kuboniswana ngokusemthethweni, ngokomgaqo eyenzelwe ukuba umlinganiswa esemthethweni.

Imithetho-siseko ye-inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho

Imigaqo ephambili yale nkqubo.

1. Ekwenziweni komthetho luphawulwa lwentando yesininzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kufuneka ukuchonga iimfuno kunye kwintando yabantu, uze uzilungise kwabo umthetho.
2. Omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo - kolawulo lomthetho. It busenza ukuba intlonipho izakhono kunye nenkqubo zokwamkelwa ngezenzo zomthetho ezahlukeneyo.
3. Inkqubo-ekwenziweni komthetho lubonakala ngokusemthethweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ingqalelo yintlangano, zemali, abasebenzi kunye neemeko zomthetho ukwenza sikuzuze ukwenziwa ngezenzo zomthetho.
4. Scientific - omnye umgaqo ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwemithetho. Zikholelwa ukuba semthethweni ezenzo, ngokunjalo ingqalelo lwe data lwezenhlalo, iimfundiso, iziphumo lwemozulu.
5. Wokuzibandakanya kufuneka lungachazwa inomkhondo. Lo mgaqo libonisa ubuchule, ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala zomthetho kunye ngokubanzi abo ezo zifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho.
6. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ukuba isicwangciso. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kubekho ulwabiwo ngokucacileyo amanyathelo, ixesha nangokuxhomekeke yomsebenzi efunekayo.

Law-kwaye-ekwenziweni komthetho

isenzo ngokusemthethweni i-Russian Federation ngowona mthombo yomthetho. Kuyinto isenzo lwamaqumrhu karhulumente, equlethe abo okanye neminye imigangatho zomthetho.

inkqubo Pravotvorchesky iyingxenye pravoobrazovaniya. Le yokugqibela iqondwa njengoko kwandiswa ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuyilwa kwento ulawulo lomthetho. Pravoobrazovaniya iqala uhlalutyo kwimeko ethile kwezentlalo. Siyayiqonda nemfuneko ukusisombulula ngoncedo lomthetho. Igcina inkqubo yokuphuhlisa norm yezomthetho kunye nokwamkelwa yayo. Ekwenziweni komthetho nje inyathelo lokugqibela. Nangona umahluko okhoyo kwinkcazelo kwekota, kukhuselekile ukuthi umsebenzi indalo, inkqubo kunye nokupapashwa nemimiselo njalo baphathe umzimba ogunyazisiweyo. Ekwenziweni komthetho yenye izinto eziphambili ezingummiselo yobudlelwane karhulumente kumgangatho wesizwe nawengingqi.

iinxalenye pravotvorchestva

Thina abanomdla inkqubo iquka iinxalenye ezimbini. Eyokuqala kwezi izazinzulu kuthiwa imiba zombutho ukuba musa zinxulumene ngezenzo zomthetho. Imizekelo iquka oku kulandelayo: .. Ukuqulunqwa kwe ummiselo, ingxoxo yayo ezalandela emva koko ekwabhengezwa ehambelana umbutho karhulumente okanye urhulumente, njl Isigaba sesibini inkqubo yowiso isekelwe kanye kwimigaqo yomthetho. Isigqibo ukulungiselela idrafti ummiselo ingongoma ireferensi kuyo.

Omabini la malungu ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kunye, ekusekeni inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho. Bona limele kwimeko yonke kwenkqubo emanyanisiweyo enxulumene yokulungiselela, ingxoxo, ukwamkelwa kunye ekugqibeleni kokupapashwa xwebhu. inkqubo Pravotvorchesky iye izigaba ezimbini ezisisiseko. Ukuzihlola ngokufutshane ngamnye kubo.

Amanqanaba komthetho

Eyokuqala i zigaba ekwenzeni-mthetho le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuzimisela owandulelayo ukuthanda karhulumente ukwenza uyilo isenzo mthetho. Kweli nqanaba, zonke izenzo ezi samalungiselelo indalo. Imiphumo zomthetho izala. Inqanaba lesibini inkqubo yowiso - ezisesikweni ukuthanda karhulumente emthethweni efanelekileyo. Ngoko yommiselo idrafti iba isenzo esisemthwethweni kunyanzelekile. Phakathi kwezi zigaba zenzeke zonke iintlobo imisebenzi ukudala imigaqo. Okukodwa lwabo luxhomekeke elinegunya ekwenzeni-mthetho kunye nokubaluleka yomthetho yokugqibela.

Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu. Nayiphi na inkqubo, kubandakanywa-ekwenziweni komthetho, kwenzeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba / amanyathelo. Ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yezomthetho yinkqubo ende. Oku kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo, okt ngokudala imithetho ethile. Lowo mthetho sisiphumo ngqo kunye nomsebenzi link kwemithetho lokugqibela. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho inokuchazwa komyalelo ngamanyathelo alandelelanayo ezikhokelela inkangeleko ilungu elitsha kwinkqubo yezomthetho. Ukuba oku Okukodwa wayo.

Bekuya kuba ubhalo ukusuka ngentla, ukuba ukugqiba ukuba izenzo zombutho enegalelo umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza kwi isenzo olumisiweyo, akukho mfuneko ukubandakanya kwinkqubo-mthetho yomthetho. Ngokukodwa, oku kungafuni imisebenzi ngohlahlelo, ubhaliso kunye gabalala kwezindululo ukuphucula umthetho, amanyathelo yolungiselelo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni imisebenzi zokunyanzelisa, njalo-njalo. D.

Ingcamango Inkqubo step pravotvorcheskogo

Nakuba iintlobo ngeentlobo iimpawu kunye nenkqubo yokwenza-mthetho, nto leyo zithi iinzululwazi, kunokwenzeka ukuba imigaqo kunye nezigaba ezifanayo. Thina ichaze ingcamango "nqanaba ekwenziweni komthetho yenkqubo." Lo nqanaba oluzimeleyo inkqubo ejolise ukuyilwa ukuthanda karhulumente; zichaziwe izenzo ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo (ukwahlukana kombutho), ejoliswe ekudalweni isenzo elawulayo.

kwisigaba ngasinye umsebenzi nowiso linyathelo kule nkqubo, injongo apho - isixhobo olumisiweyo, wasinikeza into esemthethweni. Inani izigaba ichazwa ngokwahlukileyo. Ezinye izazinzulu zithi ezi zilandelayo: iphulo lowiso-mthetho, ingxoxo oyilwayo, ukwamkelwa kunye nopapasho lwesigqibo kamva.

ubunkokheli zomthetho

Ukongeza umthetho oyilwayo okanye umthetho isindululo enxulumene ukuphunyezwa ilungelo na amanyathelo omthetho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uluhlu lwezifundo ukuba unalo ilungelo kwamanye amazwe ubanzi, kanti kwezinye libanzi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States zibe epalamente, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo yokuba umongameli yenza mali idrafti. Kwamanye amazwe, kakhulu, uphuhliso lwentando yesininzi, uRhulumente na iindleko ezininzi. Ngelo xesha, yaye amalungu epalamente zingadlala indima ebalulekileyo iimpawu weqela labo.

Kwilizwe lethu, inyathelo yowiso uyayiqonda umsebenzi obalulekileyo karhulumente. Le yokugqibela edlulisela lonke uxanduva ePalamente. UMgaqo-siseko Russian ukuba ngoku ndayihluthwa Attorney Jikelele, kunye neentloko nemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente ilungelo ukuqalisa umthetho. Kulo mzekelo isekela nganye nganye ilungelo loo kusindiswa. Abaninzi kubo ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa ngayo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kwipalamente isekela Russian wafumana iiprojekthi ezininzi. Ngokwenene Kubalulekile uqhoqhoqho nje kule mfumba.

ingxoxo lo oyilwayo

Xa ucinga kwemithetho (inkqubo kwemithetho), sibheka kuzo inkcazelo amanyathelo zalo ingxoxo oyilwayo. Kuliwa kwiikomiti (Standing Committee) kwaye kwiintlanganiso zepalamente zamagumbi endawo ezahlukeneyo zepalamente. Ngokubanzi, ingxoxo kwi oyilwayo plenary udlula ngezigaba ezithathu, ngokuba ukufundwa. Ebudeni ukufunda kuqala, kukho isicombululo imibuzo ngokwesiseko ebalulekileyo: 1) imfuneko yomthetho; 2) isakhono lwengqiqo olucetywayo kuyo (ingcinga jikelele) abe isiseko sengxoxo kunye nokwamkelwa.

Ukuba iNdlu lamkele isigqibo elibi ubuncinane enye yale miba, lo mthetho oyilwayo umbuzo liyasuswa ngxoxo zilandelayo. Ukuba isigqibo yi-HIV ukuba ngamnye kubo, ukuba selikho, yamkeleka kufundwa kuqala, uze emva koko ezosulela kwikomiti efanelekileyo (Committee) malunga nophuculo.

Xa kufundwa yesibini osayilwayo kuxoxwa ngokukhona kucokisekileyo ngokobunjani bayo. Kweli nqanaba iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe inqaku ngasinye yaye inxalenye yayo, yaqaliswa yaza yaxoxa izilungiso. Yakubanje ivunyiwe yesibini ukufunda osayilwayo lithunyelwe ikomiti (ikomiti) kuzifunda umhleli. Emva koko, kufundwa wesithathu, oko kuxoxwa ngokubanzi. Oku akuvumelekanga izilungiso ezintsha, ngaphandle lomhleli. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba oyilwayo kwi ukufunda lesithathu ngeke walelwe. Emva ivoti, iNdlu iinkokeli eANC ukuze benze iingxelo ngayo.

kokumiswa umthetho

Kwakhona vlyuchaet kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemithetho. Ukwamkelwa kwenziwa ngokuvota, nto leyo ibe noba yonke ivotela iBhili le, mhlawumbi phezu kweentloko yokuqala kunye manqaku, kwaye ke lonke. Ukuvota ivuliwe nezisitheleyo; kwaye njengesiqhelo roll-call. Amaninzi, ukuze sikuzuze ukwenziwa oYilwayo kufuneka afumane imvume uninzi okanye langoku, okanye ukwakhiwa Chamber (iPalamente). ngamanye amaxesha kuphela efunekayo isivumelwano uninzi abaqeqeshiweyo (ingqalelo kwemithetho eziqhelekileyo).

Ingakumbi zokwamkelwa ipalamente bicameral yomthetho

Ukuba ipalamente iquka amagumbi amabini, le nkqubo uneempawu zawo. Lo mthetho oyilwayo kule meko kucingwa ukuba yamkelwe ukuba egumbini nganye evunyiweyo kulo ngokwalo twatse. Engaphandle Kanjalo akazamkeli oyilwayo wadlula lowo uphantsi. Last xa ingxabano phakathi kwamagumbi idla unelungelo ngaphezulu ivitho elinye egumbini yi sokumakishwa kwakhona ivoti-. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Noko ke, ngelo xesha omnye oyilwayo kukuba uninzi kuyimfuneko afanelekayo iivoti. Kuvamile ukuba ikomiti ekhethekileyo yoxolelwaniso, nto leyo equka elilinganayo inani labameli abasuka namagumbi aphezulu nengasezantsi. Kwakhona, ukuba bahlale ndawonye; nomthetho kulo mzekelo yasetyenziswa okuthandwayo.

Le ncwadi yomthetho

Ukupapashwa umthetho - yiloo nto igqityiwe inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho, iqonga ingqiqo kwaye phantse safunda. Maxa wambi yenziwa nguMongameli. Umthetho iya kupapashwa emva kokuba uye waphunyezwa yiPalamente. ekupapashweni kwayo kuthiwa nokubhengezwa. Oku kubandakanya le ntetho ngokusesikweni kulo mmiselo, ukusayina yayo isatifikethi, kwakunye ebonisa wokupapashwa kwayo. Kumazwe apho intloko Urhulumente vitho, yena uyakwazi abalahla umthetho, nto leyo kule meko akayi kungena amandla. Ukuba wabeka vitho suspensive, osayilwayo wabuyela ePalamente, egqalwa kwakhona. EPalamente kule meko lingaliqhuba ngaphezulu eli azo. Umthetho uqalisa ukusebenza okanye ukususela kumhla wopapasho, okanye ixesha elithile.

Ngoko ke, thina gqaba ingqalelo inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho (nebakala ulwazi). Njengoko ubona, kukho iingcaciso eziliqela le mbono. amanyathelo inkqubo Main pravotvorcheskogo babelwa ngokwahlukileyo. Oku kuxhomekeke kubunzulu neyodwa ye indlela theoretical component.