Eyona eziphambili ze imibutho yezentlalo kunye nemisebenzi yazo

imibutho karhulumente uphethe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo bezopolotiko belizwe kunye ekuqinisekiseni ukuzimela zabemi balo. Umntu ngamnye eRashiya unelungelo lokuseka umbutho kawonke-naluphi na uhlobo, asinto umnyinyiva kunye neemanyano zorhwebo, ukukhusela iimfanelo.

Eli lungelo esekwe kwi siseko, Inqaku 30. Russia - lizwe a nge kolawulo lukarhulumente ngentando yesininzi, ngoko, inkululeko imibutho yoluntu yasekuhlaleni kunye neemanyano liqinisekisiwe. Akukho mntu unelungelo ukunyanzela umntu ukujoyina lo mbutho, oko kuphela kwintando ngummi.

Ukudala imibutho yoluntu, abantu abasayi kulindela ukuba imvume amagunya karhulumente. angabhaliswa imibutho ezinjalo, apho baya kuba ubume esemthethweni. Kodwa ngaba akufuneki inkqubo yobhaliso karhulumente, imibutho nga khona ngaphandle kwawo.

Chonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imibutho yezemidlalo imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente :., iintshukumo abaninzi, iimanyano zabasebenzi, amaqela ezopolitiko, imibutho yenzululwazi, imibutho yabantu abatsha kunye, imibutho creative abakhubazekileyo, njl Kuqala kufuneka uqonde imbono "umbutho ekuhlaleni."

Yintoni na umbutho kawonke-wonke?

Eli gama lithetha ukuyilwa yokuzithandela non-ezorhwebo, ezisekelwe phezu inyathelo abantu abaye akumanyileyo ukuphumeza injongo efanayo. Okwangoku, umsebenzi kumaqela eliququzelelwa yi-uMthetho Federal "On zeMibutho Public" yomhla kaMeyi 19, 1995.

Ngamanye amazwi, umbutho ekuhlaleni - ezitshatileyo abantu, wadala ngenxa izilangazelelo zabo umgaqo ubulungu ngokuzithandela. Kule Uhlobo lombutho ayenzi:

• akunakwenzeka ukuba balungelelanise umbutho abaxhobileyo;
• umele uthobele imithetho Russian Federation;
• akayi kungqubana lwesidima karhulumente.

Iimpawu imibutho ziquka amanyathelo ngokuzithandela ngokuthobela ngqongqo ezingummiselo kunye nohlobo non-ezorhwebo. Xa iimeko mihla yokwanda ukuthandwa wombutho enjalo, njengoko umbutho kawonke-wonke. Concept, iintlobo umdla omkhulu mbali nabezopolitiko.

Iifom ombutho kunye esemthethweni yonxulumano loluntu

Ngokutsho komnye amanqaku zoMthetho Federal "On Associations Public", ezi ndidi zilandelayo nemibutho, ezinokuthi esekelwe ngokungqinelana iifom ezisemthethweni:

• kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni - umbutho yasekwa ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo zopolitiko nezentlalo. Amalungu imibutho yezentlalo abanayo ubulungu;
• fund kawonke - enye yeentlobo imibutho engenzi-nzuzo, ogama amalungu ubulungu. Eyona njongo iphambili yale lombutho kukudala ipropati, ngokusekelwe ngeminikelo yokuzithandela kunye nezinye ingeniso, musa kuyaphikisana imithetho yelizwe;
• kwiziko loluntu - manyano, kananjalo akaba ubulungu, injongo yayo ephambili kubabela elo ubonelelo ngeenkonzo ezithile;
• umzimba linge kawonke - umbutho ogama amalungu ubulungu. Eyona njongo ephambili yale umzimba ukusombulula iindidi ezithile iingxaki ezivelayo abantu ekuhlaleni kunye nokufunda;
• iqela lezopolitiko - inxaxheba ukusekwa karhulumente nokuvakalisa ukuthanda yezopolitiko ngamalungu yentlangano yoluntu.

Ukwahlukanisa imibutho kawonke

Ukongeza imibutho yabasebenzi, leyo fomu ezahlukeneyo zomthetho, kukho ezinye iimpawu yokuhlelwa kwazo. Iindidi eziphambili imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Ngubani na oya kuhlolisisa neendidi ezahlukeneyo kwaneentlobo eentlangano ezinjalo. Iintlobo imibutho karhulumente kunye nemibutho ngokungqinelana iqondo inxaxheba kumzabalazo ngamandla:

• .. ukuba orientation non-ezopolitiko, kungekhona okt ajongwa inxaxheba kumzabalazo amandla ukuzama ukwenza utshintsho ubudlelwane yezopolitiko kweli lizwe;
• ukuba orientation kwezopolitiko, okt. e. imibutho ukuba nxaxheba abakhutheleyo kumzabalazo amandla zisetyenziselwa le sixhobo ethile.

Ngokwale umlinganiselo ezintlwini zidityanisiwe:

• ngokonga;
• loHlaziyo;
• mbuso;
• omusha.

Iintlobo zemibutho zoluntu Russian Federation malunga neendlela amanyathelo:

• zomthetho;
• mthethweni;
• ngokusemthethweni;
• sikweni.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ngokuphathelele kumba imisebenzi le mibutho ilandelayo:

• ngamazwe;
• lwengingqi;
• ubume.

Imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi nemibutho yoluntu

Imfuneko Ekumanyeni imibutho yasekuhlaleni? Iintlobo, nemisebenzi yezi imibutho, nangona elula yayo ibonakale, liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo waphakamisa amathandabuzo kunye neembambano. Imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi - ukuba loo magama kancinane eyahlukileyo. Okokuqala kufuneka ucinge uxanduva imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente:

• Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ezisisiseko Russian Federation, kwakunye nemimiselo nemigaqo yomthetho elaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele;
• ngonyaka anike kopapasho ingxelo ngale ipropati okanye ukunika ukufikelela kuyo;
• nyaka ngamnye ukuze kwazisa abasemagunyeni karhulumente senjongo ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo, apha kufuneka ukhankanye abaqali umbutho, kwakunye idilesi yokuhlala ngokusisigxina;
• ukunikezela ilungelo abasemagunyeni ukuba uqwalasele yitshata umbutho;
• kwazisa abasemagunyeni uluntu malunga ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kweemali kwimibutho amazwe.

Ngoku kufuneka ukuba uqhubeke nemisebenzi nemibutho yoluntu;

• orientation yabantu ngayo iinjongo ezithile, okt ukufundiswa koluntu kunye nokuquka;
• ngokubandakanywa abantu nkqubo ngentsebenziswano okanye ungquzulwano;
• ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zopolitiko ezingezo-yemveli entsha;
• ukumelwa intlalo.

Eyona eziphambili ze nohlelo lwezentlalo

Njengoko sele sibonile, xa umbutho kawonke kuya kuza ngokuzithandela, kwaye zisekelwe phezu le nyaniso, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba umsebenzi yemibutho ejolise kuphuculo lwabo nempumelelo. Amabhunga olawulo ezikolo ezisekelwe apha nge unyulo. Imisebenzi Umbutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente kunokuba luncedo nje kuphela kumalungu ayo, kodwa ke abanye abantu abangengomalungu mbutho.

Iintlobo imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente zidlala indima enkulu ekuqulunqweni imisebenzi association. Kukho iindidi eziliqela imisebenzi ezichaza ulwalathiso lwentlangano. unxulumano Woluntu zisebenzela koosomashishini kunye nemibutho yoshishino, abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi, kwakunye nokukhuthaza iingcamango imibutho yenkolo, ezopolitiko nezinye.

Imisebenzi kwimibutho yoluntu kunika ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo yonxulumano. Xa umsebenzi lweshishini kunye imibutho yezifundiswa ziquka umsebenzi ukukhuthaza umdla omabini amalungu umbutho ishishini, kunye nabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo.

Iindidi yemisebenzi iimanyano zabasebenzi zezi:

• amanyathelo ukukhusela umdla wabasebenzi kunye namalungu union;
• kwimisebenzi yemibutho amalungu anomdla ekukhuseleni iimfuno zabo kwimiba imivuzo kunye neemeko zokusebenza;
• nezinye nezenzo neemanyano zorhwebo imibutho eyahlukeneyo owadalwa kwisebe okanye isiseko noshowo.

Imisebenzi ye neminye imibutho iquka imisebenzi yonke imibutho (ngaphandle abaqeshi kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi), nto leyo ukukhusela umdla-nxaxheba. Imisebenzi emibutho yoluntu zifakiwe kweli qela zezi zilandelayo:

• imisebenzi imibutho yenkolo, ekukho ekusasazeni ukholo kunye nokwabelana uvumo yakhe;
• izenzo ezopolitiko amaqela, iintshukumo, imibutho injongo yakhe ephambili kuba izimvo zabantu zokusabalalisa;
• kwimisebenzi yemibutho okungeko kwezopolitiko, nayo leyo izimvo zabantu, kodwa ngezenzo zokwazisa ayagu-, ukunyusa imali kuyimfuneko, njalo-njalo..;
• creative amaqela ndlela amanyathelo, umzekelo, iklabhu incwadi, imibutho yembali, umculo nobugcisa unxulumano;
• imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo Imibutho abaqhubi beemoto, abasebenzisi, Me;
• imisebenzi Unxulumano ubuzwe, imibutho ukukhusela kwamaqela asekuhlaleni.

imibutho engajonge ngeniso

zingenziwa Olu hlobo of association ukusombulula iingxaki zemfundo, ezempilo, ezenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Umbutho ongekho-nzuzo - umbutho ogama amalungu ubulungu, ngokusekelwe iminikelo yokuzithandela abantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwimibutho isixa esikhulu, apho kuya kuqwalaselwa kakhulu esisiseko. Iintlobo imibutho engenzi-nzuzo:

1. Foundation. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo yombutho non-ngeniso. injongo yawo kukuvumela ukusombulula iingxaki zentlalo, zenkcubeko okanye ezinye ngokuqokelela iminikelo impahla. I-Foundation uneempawu zawo ezahlula kwezinye imibutho yalo hlobo. Akukho kobulungu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amalungu ombutho akakwazi ukulawula ingxowa-mali. Lo umbutho ngumnini propati yakhe, kunye namabhunga olawulo yayo akanaxanduva amatyala ayo.
2. Charity. Lo mbutho wadalwa ukuze ukuqokelela iminikelo propati inkongozelo. Olu hlobo lwengxowa-mali lowo ummiselo lolawulo imisebenzi yakhe. Njengomgaqo, isiseko yesisa i umxhasi, waza waba umsunguli wayo. Oku kunokuba State okanye iqumrhu, kunye nawuphi na umntu. Ukuba umxhasi,-mali ngokwalo wamkela imali ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.
3. Union (Association). Lo ngumbutho ongenzi nzuzo elasekwa ukuhlanganisa ulwazi amaqumrhu eziliqela esemthethweni. Ngokutsho yimithetho yendawo, imithetho union ngaphandle phambi ngaxeshanye imibutho zorhwebo kunye non-ngeniso. Association wadala ukumela iimfuno iinkampani kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yabo.
4. op Consumer. Lo ngumbutho lwabemi (okanye) amaqumrhu asemthethweni ngokuzithandela, le njongo iphambili eliza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabelo. Zabelo ekubhekiselwe kubantu abenze share igalelo kwaye amaqela ukuba kuyenzeka. Njengomthengi zabelo lwentsebenziswano abanokusebenza njengabemi abaqhelekileyo kunye nemibutho esemthethweni.
5. ezingokomthetho. Le manyano abantu ababini, leyo yasekwa ngenjongo ngokwaselukholweni, esinobudlelane kunye ukusasazeka kwayo. Imiqondiso umbutho wonqulo ingaquka uqeqesho nabalandeli babo, ikhomishini yonqulo, inkolo. Abathathi-nxaxheba wombutho onjalo kuba abantu bemveli kuphela.

umbutho Public yabasebenzi

Le ntsebenziswano yi imanyano abantu abaye nihlangene ndawonye ukuba avelise imveliso imveliso efunekayo ngenxa iinzame ezibambeneyo. Amaninzi, kukho uluntu intlangano yabasebenzi sineenkalo ezimbini: yezomthetho nobugcisa. UMthetho ijonge ukulawula ubudlelwane zentlalo kwinkqubo yabasebenzi. ulwalathiso Technical na imigaqo umsebenzi imveliso kuyimfuneko.

Okwangoku, kukho phantse akukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umbutho onjalo ngendlela esulungekileyo, njengokuba zonke iintlobo iimanyano zabasebenzi abe imbali. Iindlela umbutho ekuhlaleni labour:

• abangekaphuhli zomphakathi;
• inceku;
• wobukhosi;
• nkulu;
• yobusoshiyali.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ezi zonke iintlobo ezisesikweni kwaye phantse ziphinde zenzeke kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ezemidlalo kunye nemibutho yemidlalo

Ezi imibutho ukuze kuthathwa uhlobo imibutho engajonge ngeniso, kwakunye nohlobo zorhwebo. Le mibutho menywa ke ukuba ukuphuhlisa imfundo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nemidlalo phakathi amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu bayo ukudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ekomelezeni impilo bantu abathatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo, ukubonelela izakhiwo ezifunekayo ukuze uqeqesho.

Ngenxa Ukonakala kwenye impilo yabantu kwimidlalo kutshanje kunye nemibutho yezemidlalo zithandwa kakhulu. Baya kukwazi ukunyusa izinga inkcubeko ebonakalayo yabantu, kunye nayo, kunye nezempilo.

umbutho Urhwebo yale hlobo uyazimela njengoko ingeniso ephambili ekujoliswe kwaye anokwenziwa abangane ezahlukeneyo, kunye neenkampani t qela liphikisayo. D.

imibutho engajonganga nzuzo musa aim iimfundiso ngeniso. Kuqala kwinto zonke, yenzelwe ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi. Ingeniso, eye mbutho akukho isasazwe phakathi kwamalungu ayo, kwaye iya ukwenza imisebenzi eyimfuneko.

Iintlobo zemibutho zemidlalo zikawonke kakhulu zahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo:

• iiklabhu zemidlalo, apho zisebenza yakuma wedwa kwi-arhente ezahlukeneyo;
• izikolo zemidlalo zabantwana phantsi kolawulo lwamaqumrhu karhulumente;
• Unxulumano zenzululwazi endle inkcubeko ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezemidlalo;
• ezemidlalo kunye nemibutho yezemidlalo Zonke-Russian;
• Olympic Committee lizwe.

imibutho Socio-ezopolitiko

Into yezi mibutho kukuba akukho azisebenzi ii-arhente zikarhulumente, kodwa ezingafani kuba inkqubo yezopolitiko eli lizwe. Kunokuba abe intlangano nefuthe ngqo malunga nezigqibo zezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kwakunye nemibutho ezingenawo umbutho engqongqo kunye nesakhiwo.

Eyona njongo ephambili yale Unxulumano enjalo ke ifuthe igunya, njengokuba umthetho, umbutho kwezentlalo nezopolitiko amandla, ngalinye se, akafuni. Imigaqo esisiseko yombutho kwezentlalo nezopolitiko ngokuzithandela kunye solidarity yamalungu. Kukho kudidi enkulu yonxulumano ezinjalo. Nazi ezi ntlobo ezisisiseko imibutho yezentlalo-ezopolitiko.

Ngokungqinelana ngokunxulumene nenkqubo ekhoyo:

• ngokonga;
• zobunene;
• yotshintsho olululo.

Ngokutsho neqondo lombutho:

• ayikaqondwa ihlelwe;
• ehlelekile;
• yemvelo;
• ekwanti.

Izinga le ntshukumo:

• ngamazwe;
• lwengingqi;
• republic;
• zendawo.

imibutho kawonke-Governmental

imibutho enjalo hayi othandwa kakhulu, yaye kukho imali encinane. Iintlobo zemibutho yoluntu zikarhulumente edweliswe ngezantsi.

State Corporation. Lo ngumbutho ayinayo ubulungu, kwaye wadala yi-Russian Federation ngokususela igalelo asethi. Injongo kukuba ukwenza imisebenzi eluncedo eluntwini. corporation State wadala ngokungqinelana nomthetho federal, nayo yonke impahla na ubunini. Lo mbutho usebenzisa impahla yalo, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakuhle, echazwe ngokomthetho.

iziko lwezimali - umbutho oqalwe amagunya karhulumente ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo zentlalo nenkcubeko, lwenzululwazi-technical kunye nezinye. Imisebenzi yalo mbutho ngezimali mali ahambelanayo.

isiphelo

Iintlobo imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente ziquka inani elikhulu imibutho eyahlukeneyo, yaye ngamnye kubo ezinye iingenelo ezithile nezingalunganga. Kodwa yonke imibutho kufuneka imigaqo ezifanayo wokudala, baba phakathi kwawo: voluntariness, lokulingana phambi komthetho; semthethweni, ukufikeleleka imisebenzi kolwazi kunye nokusasaza kuluntu, nokuzeyisa ulawulo.

Ukuba ungummi lifuna ukuvakalisa iimbono zabo babelane ngazo nabanye abantu, babe isisombululo ogqibeleleyo - umbutho kawonke-wonke. Concept, iintlobo yonxulumano ezinjalo kube lula afumaneka kwi-siseko Russian Federation kunye nemithetho yase. Yonke imibutho yoluntu igalelo kuphuhliso imigaqo ethile kunye neentshukumo. Kwilizwe lwentando yesininzi, ubukho imibutho efana kwakhona igxininisa inkululeko yomntu.