I Sukwenza umyalelo tracert nga kunceda ekufumaniseni iingxaki zonxibelelwano

Umyalelo tracert lisetyenziswa ukubaleka icebo eliluncedo yoxilongo egqiba uthungelwano indlela ezihamba. Le nkqubo ekhoyo ezininzi iinkqubo yokusebenza mihla. Eluncedo isetyenziswa ikakhulu yokuhlola nokuchonga iingongoma uswele amandla womnatha.

Yintoni nokutshekishwa umyalelo tracert?

Tracert uthumela izicelo ukuya kwindawo oya kuyo ngathi umyalelo ping. Qaphela ukuba umsebenzisi ochwetheziweyo tracert umyalelo, Windows ethumela iipasile ngokukhethekileyo iphawulwe ukuba ukufuna esangweni yokuqala, bathunyelwa ukuya ikhompyutha lomsebenzisi. Kulo mzekelo, i-data inika ingcaciso iyunithi, kubuyisela. Emva koko, isicelo olandelayo ithunyelwe emzimbeni leyo sele ebonisa langoku ukuphoswa yesango yakhe yangaphambili.

Uthotho iipakethe uthumela ibonelela ngendlela epheleleyo ulwazi kwikhompyutha somsebenzisi nayiphi node kwi-Internet okanye womnatha. Ngoko ke, lo tracert umyalelo iba sisixhobo sele zokufumanis iingxaki, uvumela ukuba ukuchonga isahlulo apho iipakethi balahlekile.

Ngokusebenzisa umyalelo tracert kwi Windows

Qhuba masitshekishe eluncedo indlela womnatha kwi Windows kwilayini yomyalelo. Xa Iinguqulelo inkqubo yokusebenza ngaphantsi kwe-8 ukuya ukuvula ujongano lwe kwilayini yomyalelo, cinezela nje "ulwahlulwa-Baleka" nohlobo cmd. kuya kufuneka Windows 8 ukuguqula le menu "Zonke iiNkqubo" kwaye ufumane umba "Ctrl Landzelela." Kuyo nayiphi na inguqulelo indlela yokusebenza kwakhona usebenzise indlela emfutshane yebhodi yezitshixo Win + R.

Ngenye kwilayini yomyalelo, kufuneka ufake tracert domen.ru, apho endaweni domen.ru wokuqala ungakhankanya naluphi na igama lethambeka okanye IP-idilesi. Oku kuya kubangela ekuqaleni eluncedo kunye standard parameters.

Keys tracert umyalelo

Usungulo umyalelo umsebenzisi onamava uquka tracert inkcazelo keys. It zingafumaneka ngokuthi ngokuchwetheza nje umyalelo tracert kunye -?.

Nantsi inkcazo emfutshane parameters exhaswa umyalelo tracert:

• -h lixela inani lobuninzi shintsha ukuthi engenziwa kwi ukusetshwa ekupheleni node.
• -D othintela iqela uzama ukuvula le IP-idilesi ye-smart igama gateway.
• -j ivumela eluncedo wenze ukhangelo simahla umzila we uluhlu lweendawo. Uyakwazi ukukhankanya ezona imizila 9.
• -w lisetyenziswa ukucacisa impendulo sexesha kwisicelo esivela udumbo. Ukuba akukho mpendulo ifunyenwe, iya kuboniswa ne asterisk. Esine.

Ngokungagqibekanga, inani liphezulu galo libe lelona we-30, yaye nexesha lokulinda - by imizuzwana 4.

Savulwa e Linux

Abasebenzisi ye Linux inkqubo yokusebenza ifumaneke eluncedo kunye usebenziso ngokubanzi ngaphezu umyalelo tracert. wabiza traceroute. Esi sicelo yohlukile analog ukuya ebusweni ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo icaciswe parameters Windows.

Ukuqala umkhondo usebenzisa ICMP inika iqela tracertroute kunye isitshixo -imiqondiso. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba lo msebenzi uza kufuna amalungelo umlawuli. Xa ucwangciso olungagqibekanga kwi yonikezelo ezininzi ukuqala imiyalelo tracertroute na kwenziwa nawuphi na umsebenzisi. Kulo mzekelo, uya kusebenzisa UDP-iipakethe, le nkampani nazo kunyanzeleka ukuba bayisebenzise ukuba ukhankanye nabo -U ye parameter.

Le asterisks kule iindlela kwimveliso

Amaxesha amaninzi, tracert okanye ngokwendawo iqela Linux kwiqela iindawo output endaweni ulwazi malunga impendulo asterisk kumamkeli. Akukho mfuneko ukunyanga ibe impazamo. Oku kuthetha into enye kuphela: i zendlela ethile akaphenduli kwisicelo kangangexesha elimiselwe sexesha. Nto iphosakeleyo ngaloo nto, kuba oonobangela baninzi. Omnye wabo - ukufakelwa firewalls okanye enye ukhuselo, uvimba indlela iipakethi ezithile.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi indlela umkhondo?

Tracert - yeqela kubaluleke kakhulu lokufunyaniswa iingxaki womnatha. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba wenze impazamo, ucinga ekurhoxisweni tracert umyalelo, nje. Ngoko ke, awunakusebenzisa indlela umkhondo njengoko kuphela iindlela zokusombulula.

Esinye isizathu sokuba siphanda nga kuphela ngqo ukubonisa ingxaki umahluko phakathi kwiindlela iipakethi kwi-Internet ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iphakheji ethunyelwe ngumsebenzisi kumncedisi uhamba kwezinye iisayithi, waza wathumela - indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Nokubambezeleka iipakethi anokufumaneka kwi imveliso ye traceroute okanye tracert eluncedo, ungabi nanto yakwenza yokulibazisa ukwenzela iipakethi zohambo. Oku kungenxa ezichaphazela yokujongwa zabo umzila. Ngoko ke, ukuba babakhokele ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukufunda imveliso umyalelo ichanekile, oko kunzima.

Umbuso MTR

Inkqubo MTR ikhona kwiinguqulelo kuninzi iinkqubo zokusebenza. Umgaqo kwalo msebenzi ifana kakhulu ukuya tracer umyalelo (traceroute). It ekuvandlakanyeni esiludumbo elikhankanyiweyo kangangexesha elithile, ngaloo ndlela evumela ukulungisa utshintsho ukulibaziseka.

Uguqulelo eluncedo for Windows igama WinMTR kunye olufumaneka simahla.

Umsebenzisi unikwa ithuba lokuba ukusebenza kujongano lomzobo apho ufuna IP-idilesi okanye indawo ithambeka node, qala ukuqokelelwa manani. Njengoko umthetho, uhlalutyo kufuneka athumele ubuncinane 100 phakheji.

Kwakhona abasebenzisi Linux kuya kufuneka ukuba ukufaka amanye MTR evela zokugcina. Kwezi nokuqhuba iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo uguqulelo console le into eluncedo. Ifumaneka kumsebenzisi ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha ezikuvumela ukuba ukhankanye inani iipakethi wathumela, ungeniso ingxelo, ifayili sexesha. Kwakhona, kuba Linux zingasetyenziswa ukuvavanya kumazibuko ezithile okanye TCP-iipakethi.

Ndiya kuthumela umboneleli ukufumanisa iingxaki network?

umlawuli weseva okanye umboneleli wesevisi, njengoko umthetho, kungcono ukuthumela imveliso imiyalelo tracert (traceroute), ping kwaye ingxelo eluncedo MTR. Ngokuqinisekileyo Ungazama kuphela ukwenza le yokugqibela, kodwa ulwazi olunikiweyo, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukufumana i ingcali yaye alungise le ngxaki.