Yintoni igama kunye inkangeleko Galaxy yethu. Igama iinkwenkwezi kumnyele wethu

nesibhakabhaka esimnyama ukususela kumaxesha amandulo watsala izimvo zabantu. Iingqondo best zonke iintlanga baye bazama ukuqonda indawo lethu kwindalo iphelele, cinga esekele isixhobo yayo. inkqubela lwezenzululwazi avunyelwe ukuya ngokuphonononga babeziindleko ezinkulu yonke evela zilungiso komnye yaye lonqulo zingqinisiswe iingcamango enengqondo, ngokusekelwe izinto ezininzi ezineengongoma ezinobunyaniso. Ngoku, wonke umfundi umbono elikhangeleka kumnyele wethu njengako kwizifundo yakutshanje, ngubani, kutheni, yaye xa wamnika igama zemibongo, yaye yintoni na ikamva layo elithelekelelwayo.

Imvelaphi yegama

Igama elithi "iMilky Way", enyanisweni, a tautology. Galactikos kwiimeko azingama liguqulelwe ngeendlela Greek "iMilky". Ngoko ke abemi iPeloponnese wayebizwa ngokuba Sisihloko njengeenkwenkwezi zezulu ebusuku, bebanika imvelaphi yayo zekhompyutha uthixokazi lomlilo akazange afune ukondla neqhawe, unyana ongumgqakhwe kaZeyus, kwaye ngobisi ideskhtop lwebele umsindo. Lehla, ebumba track obalaseleyo ukubonakala kwi zasebusuku. Kwinkulungwane kamva, kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi ukuba ihlabathi zaphawula - inxalenye encinane nje yabo imizimba ezikhoyo yasezulwini. Imihla yonke, na iplanethi yethu, banikela igama Galaxy okanye iMilky Way nkqubo. Emva kokuqinisekisa Kwingcingane kubukho namanye amaqela ezifanayo isithuba kuqala yaba igama kubo jikelele.

umbono ngaphakathi

nolwazi lwenzululwazi malunga nesakhiwo ngayo indalo, kuquka nenkqubo solar, kancinane lithatyathwe amaGrike amandulo. Ukuqonda indlela kumnyele wethu ikhangeleka ngathi, ukuba kwaqala entweni yonke ungqukuva Aristotle ngeengcamango zale mihla apho kukho isithuba imingxunya abamnyama kunye esimnyama.

Isibakala sokuba Umhlaba - inkqubo element Milky Way, umisela imiqathango ethile abo bazama uku bana phandle uhlobo semilo koko kumnyele wethu. Kuba impendulo ocacile wokuba lo mbuzo ifuna ngombono evela ngaphandle, yaye umgama omkhulu ukusuka into mkhanya. Ngoku isayensi evinjwa amathuba enjalo. A uhlobo endaweni mkhanyo ngaphandle uba ukuqokelelwa kwesakhiwo kwabeMi iinkcukacha kunye nobudlelwane zawo parameters yezinye iinkqubo isithuba-based, ziyafumaneka lokufundisisa.

Idatha eqokelelwe ukuvumela ukuba singatsho siqinisekile ukuba kumnyele wethu ngokumila disc kunye uPienaar (uPienaar) embindini kunye yehlukana ukusuka embindini iingalo zikhula. Le yokugqibela ziqulathe inkqubo ezikhanya nkwenkwezi. ububanzi we disc ingaphezulu kwe-100,000 ukukhanya-iminyaka.

isakhiwo

Esembindini Centre lisithwe uthuli oluphakathi, ntoleyo ephazamisana inkqubo yokufunda. Nceda ukuhlangabezana nengxaki iindlela ngeenkwenkwezi radio. kwamaza ethile kwi lula ukoyisa nayiphi na imiqobo kwaye zinike umfanekiso enqwenelekayo kakhulu. Galaxy wethu, iinkcukacha ifunyenwe, isakhiwo owahlukeneyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho ezibini ezinxulumene element ne omnye komnye: halo nelifanelekileyo idiskhi. I esezantsi wokuqala ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• imilo le sphere;

• kucingwa ukuba embindini ukuqumba;
• ephezulu xi star Halo uphawu inxalenye yayo amanqaku angumndilili, kunye indlela kungqameko lexinene yehliswe kakhulu;
• kunokuba njengokujikeleza bommandla okuwo inciphise;
• halo bafumana iinkwenkwezi kakhulu endala ezinobunzima eliphantsi kakhulu;
• ezisezantsi indawo enkulu ezaliswe esimnyama.

disk esembindini ye loxinano inkwenkwezi mkhulu kakhulu halo. Le enemikhono ihlangabezane abaselula kunye asakhulayo nje izinto isithuba.

Centre kunye core

"Intliziyo" ye iMilky Way na lekroza ka Sagittarius. Ngaphandle ukufunda kube nzima ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo oko kumnyele wethu. Igama 'ongundoqo' kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi okanye usebenza kuphela indawo esembindini kunye ububanzi of a parsecs ezimbalwa, okanye luquka uPienaar kunye isazinge segesi, egqalwa kuzalwa iinkwenkwezi. Okulandelayo, a ngobuwena lokuqala liya kusebenzisa le kota.

Embindini iMilky Way ayikho lula ukungena ukukhanya ebonakalayo necacileyo: yena lijongene inani elikhulu ngothuli lwasemhlabeni ifihle inkangeleko kumnyele wethu. Iifoto kunye nemifanekiso, ezithathwe kwamaza infrared, ngeenkwenkwezi ukwandisa kakhulu ulwazi malunga kernel.

Idatha kwi radiation ingakumbi ngundoqo Galaxy kwenza izazinzulu ukuze bakholwe ukuba ingundoqo olungundoqo emngxunyeni omnyama. ubunzima bayo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.5 okubhalwa ubunzima kwelanga. Le nto, ngokutsho abaphandi, oko esijikeleziswa omnye ngaphezulu, kodwa ngaphantsi onomtsalane kwi parameters, umngxuma emnyama. ulwazi yangoku malunga iimpawu ubume yonke zibonisa ukuba ezi izinto kumbindi beminyele ezininzi.

Ukukhanya nobumnyama

Impembelelo idibene imingxunya amnyama isindululo beenkwenkwezi kuzisa utshintsho inkangeleko kumnyele wethu, oko kukhokelela utshintsho ezithile umzila imizimba yasezulwini uncharacteristically, umzekelo, kufuphi inkqubo elanga. Isifundo kwezi trajectories kunye lulwahlulo sesiqhelo kunye umgama ukusuka esembindini amanga isiseko ngoku kwez ekuphuhliseni ngobhalo esimnyama. Uhlobo yayo kudala alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini. Ubukho esimnyama, icandelo uninzi yezizathu kakhulu yonke into ekuyo yonke kubhalwa kuphela ngeziphumo womxhuzulane nje orbit.

Ukuba yokususa zonke uthuli cosmic usithe ivela kuthi ezingundoqo wondela ukuvula umfanekiso engaqhelekanga. Nangona uyondelelwano lwee- esimnyama, le nxalenye iphela uyakhanyiseleka ezintweni inani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi. Enye iyunithi isithuba ukuba amakhulu amaxesha ngaphezulu kufuphi kwelanga. Malunga ezilishumi billion kubo ukwenza bar galactic, ekwabizwa ngokuba ibhulorho, wayengekafiki nefom.

Space nut

Iziko ukufunda nkqubo kwixesha elide-uluhlu kunokwenzeka ukufumana umfanekiso infrared eneenkcukacha. kumnyele wethu, njengoko kanti, kwi nucleus na isakhiwo kusikhumbuza yamandongomane kwi iqokobhe. Oku "nut" kwaye umtsibeli, equka iingxilimbela ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-20 obomvu (eqaqambileyo, kodwa iinkwenkwezi ngaphantsi ashushu). Ukususela eziphelweni bar ezijikeleze okweengalo eziphambukileyo Milky Way.

Umsebenzi enxulumene kwafunyanwa "peanut" kwi embindini langa, hayi nje ukuba asikhanyisele kanjani isakhiwo wethu kumnyele, kodwa kunceda ukuqonda ukuba siye savela ngayo. Ekuqaleni, kwisithuba yonke kwabakho diski ezingundoqo, oko kwasekwa ibhulorho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Phantsi yempembelelo kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi ze bar watshintsha ifomu yalo waza waba kuvakala nut.

Indlu yethu kwimaphu isithuba

ukubunjwa star Active ithatha indawo ibhulorho, yaye iingalo ephotheneyo, eye kumnyele wethu. Igama anikwa kwi namakroza, leyo Sihlahla nje wafumana yamasebe: Perseus Ingalo, Cygnus, Centaurus, Sagittarius kunye Orion. Kufuphi yokugqibela (kumgama ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-28 iminyaka eliwaka ukukhanya ngumongo) kwaye langa. Lo mmandla uneempawu ezithile, ngokutsho kwiingcali, wenza ukuba ukuvela eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Way Isixokelelwano selanga nezijikelezi ajikeleza nalo. Imithetho yokuhamba kweekhomponenti ngamnye kulo mzekelo azifani. Inani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi maxa wambi iba yinxalenye amasebe ephotheneyo, oko abazahlulayo kubo. Kuphela izibane kwi corotation isangqa kumda, musa ukwenza loo "ukuhamba." Ezi ziquka ilanga, ekhuselweyo iinkqubo enamandla ukuba ukuthatha rhoqo indawo enemikhono. Nokuba ukuhamba kancinane wayeza ukuthintela abanye zonke nokululutho uphuhliso eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Isibhakabhaka nge ngedayimani

Ilanga - nje enye imizimba ezininzi ezifanayo, uzele kumnyele wethu. Stars, eyodwa okanye ngokwamaqela, inani elipheleleyo idlula idatha yakutshanje 400 ezigidi. Esondele kuthi, Proxima Centauri, yinxalenye yenkqubo leenkwenkwezi ezintathu kancinane ngakumbi ezikude Alpha Centauri A kunye Alpha Centauri B. Ingongoma Iqaqambe ngaphezu kwazo isibhakabhaka ebusuku, Sirius A, ikwi Canis Major. likhanya njengako kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ngaphezu elanga ngamaxesha 17-23. Sirius Kwakhona yedwa, yena sikhatshwa yisathelayithi, ethwele igama efanayo, kodwa uphawu B.

Abantwana basoloko beqala aqhelane nendlela kumnyele wethu ikhangeleka ngathi, kunye ukhangelo esibhakabhakeni okanye North Star Alpha Ursa Minor. yokuthandwa kwayo kube kukho indawo ngaphezu North Pole boMhlaba. Likhanya Polar ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba Sirius (phantse amawaka amabini amaxesha okungaphezu kokuqaqamba kwelanga), kodwa ayikwazi umngeni ilungelo Alpha Canis eziphambili kwisihloko kakhulu iphawulekayo ngenxa umgama ukusuka emhlabeni (kuqikelelwa kwi-300 no 465 kwiminyaka ukukhanya).

types of stars

Iinkwenkwezi kuphela iqaqambile kunye nomgama ukusuka mkhanyo. Ngamnye kukhonjwe ixabiso ethile (ehambelana ukuba iyunithi ithathwa setting ilanga), ngesidanga komhlaba ubushushu, umbala.

Imilinganiso onomtsalane abe supergiants. Ukufumaneka enkulu iyeza kwiyunithi umthamo leenkwenkwezi neutron ezahlukeneyo. iimpawu nombala nkcakasana ezinxulumene lobushushu:

• obomvu abanda;
• amalahle phezu ukuya ku-6 000º, ezifana nelanga, uvelisa lubhelu;
• ukukhanya ezimhlophe iblue lobushushu engaphezulu kwe-10 000º.

likhanya lokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi kuyohluka kwaye bafikelele ubuninzi ngaphambi yokuwa kwayo. udubulo eqhumayo benza igalelo elikhulu ukuba ukuqonda oko kukhangeleka ngathi Galaxy yethu. Izithombe livelise inkqubo le iiteleskopu ezimangalisayo.
Eqokelelwe ngokusekelwe iziphumo zabo ziye zanceda ukubuyisela inkqubo ekhokelele ekubeni kokuqhambuka, kwaye ukuqikelela isiphelo eziliqela imizimba yesiqalo.

Ikamva iMilky Way

kumnyele wethu kunye nezinye imithala rhoqo etyhalela sebenzisana. Izazi baye bafumanisa ukuba iMilky Way ngokuphindaphindiweyo idle abamelwane. iinkqubo ezifanayo zilindeleke kwixesha elizayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuya kuquka Magellanic Cloud kunye nenani kweenkqubo ezincinanana. Esi siganeko onomtsalane kulindeleke kwiminyaka 3-5 billion. Oku kuya kuba zicinywe i Andromeda, lo ummelwane kuphela siyabonakala eMhlabeni ngeliso lenyama. Ngenxa iMilky Way iya kuba galaxy okweqanda.

babeziindleko engapheliyo yabengezela isithuba. Engumshumayeli kunzima ukuqonda nje isikali iMilky Way, okanye yonke indalo, kodwa uMhlaba. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuhambela phambili kwezenzululwazi sinako ngqondweni ubuncinane yinxalenye yehlabathi are kakhulu.