Kwemali ibhaskiti ngamazwi alula - is ... Le khosi ye engobozini lwemali

Abantu abo zikude lee kuqoqosho, ubudlelwane zemali kunye necandelo leebhanki, abakho wazi ukuba ukususela kowoku-1 Februwari 2005, i-Central Bank of Russia ukulawula ukusetyenziswa yexabiso engange kweyona ngobozi lwemali. Kutheni usebenzisa le ndlela ngaphandle kuhle yaye ziziphi izinto zayo ezimbi, siya ukuqonda kweli nqaku.

yokubala ifomula

Kwemali ibhaskiti ngamazwi alula - ke imali engange nxamnye US dollar kanye euro. I dollar unikwa kuqala enkulu, yaye isabelo BC kaThixo-55%, kwaye euro, ngokulandelelana, 45%. Oko kukuthi, ukuze ubale ixabiso ibhaskiti currency, kufuneka usebenzise le ndlela ilandelayo:

0,55 * i US dollar yangoku ngokutsho Central Bank + 0.45 * izinga yangoku euro lonaniselwano ngokutsho Central Bank.

Ngokwale yokubala ibalwa izinga ukususela ngo-2007.

Oko kukuthi, nengobozi lwemali amagama alula - le yindlela sendlela ukufumana phandle i Imfuneko engange Russian ngokunxulumene inani elithile dollar kanye euro.

Ngepaseji kweyona ngobozi lwemali

Kukho into enje njenge ezidadayo inyoba currency ezimbini. Ibhanki engundoqo kucwangcisa amaxabiso umda elamkelekileyo nyaka, apho nga oscillate kwicala yokunciphisa okanye ukwandisa. Xa ixabiso imveliso kweyona ngobozi lwemali Central Bank umda imida amanyathelo olawulo ukuze uzinzise izinga lotshintshiselwano. Le nkqubo inceda ukugcina iindleko engange Russian kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ukugcina abavelisi ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle.

Sinokuthi ibhaskithi lwemali amagama alula - indlela zokuzinzisa imali engange Russian, esetyenziswa yi-Central Bank. Le ndlela kumiselwa izinga lotshintshiselwano yokwenene imali engange nxamnye iimali zimbini ziqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqonda ixabiso lwemali yasekhaya kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

Indaba

Lo mbono ukwethula lesantya sonaniso ngempumelelo engange Russian wabonakala Kudala-2003. Izinga lonaniselwano wesiqhelo kwafuneka ukuba zilungiswe ngokungqinelana indices kwamaxabiso, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kwakunye kuthelekiswa izabelo zezimali ezahlukeneyo amazwe, nto leyo abandakanyeka kwimisebenzi zorhwebo Russian Federation.

Ekuqaleni, lo Central Bank swi kuphela US ngexesha imigaqo-nkqubo yayo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha le ndlela uphulukene ukufaneleka kwayo kwaye kukho imfuneko ukuthelekisa nabanye engange currency ezinzileyo - euro. Oku kwenzeka nxamnye yangasemva dollar buthathaka nokomelezwa indawo lwemali European xa kusenziwa iintlawulo ngamazwe.

Ngenxa yokuba uninzi urhwebo dollar wasebenzisa US kunye euro, kubalwe le nani lancipha engange kuthelekiswa kunye nezi zemali ezimbini.

Sukani ukuxhomekeka kwi dollar

Central Bank wayefuna ukunciphisa ifuthe ngeranti US dollar, ngoko ukuba uxhomekeke ngaphantsi ukuhla ye imali yelinye ilizwe. Ukulungiselela le njongo, yaye zadalwa yi engobozini kabini imali, nto leyo eye yaba umgaqo benchmark wemali ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Xa sele nje wabonakala ibhaskiti kabini lwemali, lanikwa kwi-90% eerandi ze-10% - euro. Yaye ke umyinge azinampembelelo khosi ye-dollar liye lehla, lo gama i-euro lanyuka ukuya kwi-8 Februwari 2007 babemele Izinga elisebenzayo namhlanje.

Sasifuna ukwandisa hexa

Ukunyuka kwenani isabelo euro ekubaleni ibhaskiti currency lwaqhutywa ukuze sinciphise ukungabikho kozinzo le engange, oko kukuthi ukwenza imali Russian ngokulula ukuguqulelwa. Kwemali ibhaskiti ngamazwi alula - ekuthiwa-benchmark ngawo yibhanki eyongameleyo yakhela nkqubo yayo exchange angaphandle.

Enyanisweni, lo ezimbini zibalwa ingobozi kabini lwemali. Lokuqala - omnye ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla apha, ukubala yayo ukufunda ixabiso engange ngokunxulumene US dollar kunye euro. I-Russian ibhaskiti lwemali yesibini kusetyenziswa ukubala izinga lotshintshiselwano lokwenene ngokusekelwe okunanisa iimali kwamanye amazwe apho Russia ubuhlobo yorhwebo.

Ukunyuka euro akukho isabelo lehla hexa

Ixesha lubonise ukuba ukuhla isabelo dollar obuphathelele lwemali yaseYurophu lwanceda ukunciphisa hexa kwixesha elifutshane. Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi isibakala sokuba Central Bank uzama ngandlela zonke ukuba bazalise zolondolozo, ngoJuni 2015 engange Russian kuye kwaqatshelwa njengoko lwemali kakhulu aziphethe ngayo.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ezinkulu yibhanki eyongameleyo ithenga imali yelinye ilizwe, kokukhona uvelisa phezu engange kwimarike, okwenza ukuba ukwanda kwemfuno unikezelo lo gama kugcinwe kwinqanaba elifanayo. Kuthiwa ukuba Central Bank ukuhlaziya-nkqubo kunokubangela ukuhla elibukhali kwi engange, oko kukuthi ezithile ebalulekileyo elilelona liphezulu kwiqondo kwipaseji kweyona ngobozi lwemali.

Ibhanki engundoqo kufuneka ugcine track of utshintsho kwixabiso US lwemali kunye euro. Iingcali zithi ukuba umyinge ifuthe lwemali amazwe kufuneka ukubanamandla avavanye ukutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho imithamo yorhwebo, ezo zibanjwa kula mazwe.

Ixabiso oyile wabetha ngayo imali engange

Ukucutheka ebukhali kwamaxabiso e-oyile kubethwa kakhulu izinga lotshintshiselwano engange ithelekiswa neemali zamanye amazwe. Kodwa ukusombulula imeko ngaphandle alahlekelwa naphaya nkqubo ivumela inyoba currency ezimbini. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa oko kuyimfuneko, i-Central Bank of the Russian Federation nje kunciphisa na umqobo osezantsi okanye ukunyuswa eliphezulu. Ngokukhuselekileyo ukuqhuba le misebenzi evumela zolondolozo zegolide enkulu, esetyenziswa kwi zihlandlo ezininzi kakhulu.

Ixabiso le-ibhaskiti currency ayikho into ngaphezu nje bomda. Real amazinga otshintshiselwano zigqitywa ukurhweba Moscow Overnight Currency Exchange. Le khosi namhlanje emiselwe iziphumo yonaniselwano izolo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye bidders Central Bank yinkokeli ecacileyo, kwaye uvela izenzo zakhe ixhomekeke nokunyuka kwemali.

Mercantile Exchange ubeka izinto

Kubonakala ukuba le khosi olubekwe isekelwe kwiziphumo, oko kukuthi, iindlela zorhwebo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inani kwezibonelelo elikhulu-isikali loo mntu njengoko Central Bank, uya kumisa ikhondo eyamkelekileyo kuye. Ngenxa yokuba i-Russian Federation i loovimba lesithathu utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle ngobukhulu ehlabathini, ibhanki engundlunkulu uyakwazi ukukhusela imali engange evela nakuwuphi na uqikelelo.

Asinto into embi kakhulu kule meko, xa umyinge wokuphelelwa ibhaskiti currency kunciphisa. Nayiphi Economist uyazi ukuba imali eninzi iba engange, kokukhona ebiza kakhulu kuya kuba impahla Russian phesheya, yaye ngenxa yoko, abathengisi ziya ijongene nokhuphiswano ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngoko ke, maxa wambi kancinane luncedo ukuba buthathaka imali ukuze athengise impahla ngakumbi ngempumelelo kwamanye amazwe.

Kwaye, kuyabonakala; kuba abemi eyahlukileyo: inzuzo ngakumbi xa imali engange unamandla, oko kukuthi, ukwanda ngamandla emali, kodwa nayiphi na imeko, ukuba ishishini ziya kuphulukana iimarike zalo ilizwe, oko kuya kukhokelela ekuncipheni kwemveliso, imisebenzi, kwaqatsela ukunqongophala kwamathuba emisebenzi kunye nezinye iingxaki imiphumo. Ezi ziziphumo lilishwa le nkqubo Central Bank, ukuze imiphumo urhulumente abanjalo iphetshwe.

Kukarhulumente uya kusoloko zama ukufumana kwizibhambathiso phakathi bathengisela abantu abaqhelekileyo abafuna ukuthenga into aphesheya. Kwaye Central Bank usoloko kunceda nxamnye ibhaskithi currency, ngalo ungasoloko ukubona ixabiso elililo lwe lwemali kazwelonke.