Interbank Currency Exchange. EManchester Interbank Currency Exchange

I-Interbank yaseMoscow yaseMoscow Exchange (MICEX) yasungulwa ngo-1992. Lapha uhlalutyo lwamhla ngemihla kunye namabhondi angama-600 abashiqizi baseRussia, kuquka i-OAO Gazprom, iLukoil, iSberbank, i-OAO TATNEFT, njl. Inani elipheleleyo leempahla li-ruble eziyi-24 trillion. I-Interbank Currency Exchange iquka abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-550 beemakethe zokugcina. Basebenzela abatshali-mali abayi-280. Ngokumalunga nento eyenziwa yi-Interbank Currency Exchange, uya kufunda kule nqaku.

Imbali yophuhliso

NgoNovemba 1989 i-Vnesheconombank yase-USSR ibanjwe ivenkile zemali. Kubo, ireyle ye-ruble / idola yayilungiselelwe okokuqala. Emva kokudalwa kweMICEX, zonke iintengiso zemali phakathi kwamashishini kunye neebhanki zaqhutywa kule ndawo. Ukususela ngoJulayi ngomnyaka ofanayo, isantya sawo sisetyenziswe yiBhanki Ephakathi ukucaphula i-ruble kwimali yangaphandle. Apha, ngokokuqala ngqa, iikopi ze-GKO zenziwa. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aphakathi kwamashumi asithoba aqala ukuthengiselana kunye nezobambiso kunye nekamva. Ngo-Agasti 2006, i-MICEX ibingama-95% emisebenzi yeenkampani zaseRussia kunye ne-69% yexabiso lomhlaba. Umthamo wokuthengiselana wafikelela kuma-ruble angama-20.4 ayi-trillion. Kancinci intsebenziswano yamalingani e-MICEX isasazeka kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Omnye wabo ngu-Interbank Currency Exchange Exchange yaseSiberia. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 2015, iBhanki yahlonywa kwi-ARC.

Iinjongo eziphambili zombutho:

• Ukurhweba;

• Ukuchonga izinga lokutshintshiselwa kweeyunithi zemali;

• Ukuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwe-capital capital country;

• ukwakheka kweziko elikhulu lemali;

• ukudala imarike yokhuphiswano.

Imisebenzi ephambili:

• Umbutho kunye nokuziphatha kwebhidi.

• Ukubeka esweni ukuthotyelwa kwezibophelelo.

• Ukubonelela ngolwazi, ukulungiswa, ukucoca kunye nezinye iinkonzo.

Izikhokelo zomsebenzi

Kwi-MICEX kukuthengiswa kwekhompyutha kwi-dollar yase-US, i-euro, i-hryvnia, i-tenge, i- ruble yase-Belarusian, i- swaps. Kukho inkqubo yokulawulwa kwengozi eqinisekisa ukuzaliseka okufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo . Enye yemigaqo yayo ivakala ngathi "intlawulo ngokumalunga nentlawulo": i-Interbank Currency Exchange yenza iindawo zokuhlala kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kuphela emva kokuzalisekisa izibophelelo zalo.

Ukuthengiselana kwenziwa kwifomu yekhompyutheni kwiinkqubo zesohlwayo zamanje, apho iiplatifti kunye neendawo zokugcina zixhunyiwe. Zonke iintlawulo zenziwe ngeNdlu yokuCoca kwe-Interbank Currency Exchange, kunye ne-Central Bank ngokusebenzisa i-Depository Centre.

Ngo-2006 - ngokunyuselwa kwiseko yabathengi - isalathiso sakhula ngama-68%. Ekutshintshisweni, baqala ukuthengisa amashishini eengxowa-mali, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwabo. Ingqinisiso eyongeziweyo yinto yokungenelela kwinkqubo yeziko leengcali kwiinkonzo zokucoca.

I-Interbank yaseMoscow yaseNkcazo yokuTshintshiselwa kweMali - isiko apho ukubekwa khona kweBhanki Ephakathi. Sekude kubekho inkokeli kwinani kunye nomthamo wezibophelelo zenkampani. Ukususela ngo-2006, kwi-MICEX, abatyali-mali baqale ukubeka izabelo. Abathengi bokuqala babe yiRosneft, i-OGK-5, i-Severstal, njl. Ngelo xesha, iCandelo lamaNkampani eNnovative laqala ukusebenza. Injongo yalo kukudala iimeko zokutyalomali olusebenzayo. Ukuphucula umgangatho wenkonzo ekutshintshisweni, ii-arhente zokurhweba zisiwe.

GS kunye nemarike yemali

I-Interbank Currency Exchange yinkqubo kazwelonke yokurhweba kunye neemali zoburhulumente. Abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike banokufikelela kuzo zonke izixhobo: iGKO, OFZ, i-OBR, njl. Basenokusebenzisa yonke into enzima: ukubekwa kweprayimari, ukugcina, ukuqhutyelwa kweentengiso. Kuza kubekho, kukho abathengisi abangama-280 kwi-GS. Isabelo sale candelo kwiimarike lidlula i-17%. Ukuze utyalole imali ngokukhawuleza imali, i-Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange inikezela ezininzi izixhobo zokuhlalutya kweemarike: ipapasha izibonakaliso, i-curve ye-coupon yield. I-Central Bank yeRussia Federation isebenzisa le nkqubo ukwenzela ukuba isebenze i-deposit-credit operation. Uluhlu lwabo lwandisiwe ngenxa yokuthengwa kwemfuneko.

Iimarike zexesha elizayo

Isabelo salo sidlula i-97%. Iingxowa-mali kwiikontrakthi zexesha elizayo zontengiso zaqala ngo-2006. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhutyelwa kweentengiselwano, ukugcinwa kwemali kunye nemali yokuqinisekiswa kwakhiwe kwi-ruble yezigidi ezingama-250, i-assortment ye-derivatives yandiswa ngokusungulwa kwe-SPAN. Kwixesha elizayo lemarike kwiirhafu zentengo, i-National Currency Association kunye ne-International Association of Swaps (ISDA) isebenzise njengedatha yezinga le-ruble. Kule nqanaba kukho abenzi bemarike abancedisa ukucaphuna kwamanye amazwe kunye neqondo lokuthengisa. Inani elipheleleyo lamalungu ayingcali kweli candelo ngama-190, kunye nenani labathathi-nxaxheba ngamakhredithi ayi-130 kunye neenkampani zezimali.

Ukusebenzisana ngamazwe

Kwiimeko zokubambisana kwehlabathi, i-Interbank Currency Exchange yaseRashiya iya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuhlanganiswa kwiimarike zehlabathi. Inani labathathi-nxaxheba belizwe langaphandle landa, isabelo sentengiso yabatyala-mali abangabemiyo i-20%. Inhlangano ibambisana ne-NYSE, i-NASDAQ, i-Chicago, iLondon, isiJamani, i-Vienna kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo. Abaninzi basayine imemoranda. Ukususela ngo-2002, i-MICEX ithathe inxaxheba kwi-World Federation of Exchanges. Ngo-2007, izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba lakhe linyuswe kumntu onxulumene naye.

Icandelo leenkampani ezintsha kunye ezikhulayo

Ukususela ngoJuni ka-2006, icandelo le-MIC liye lavela kwi-MICEX. Uyayivuma kwimarike inkampani enexabiso elincinci. Ezi ziqinisekiso zimele zihambelane neemfuno zokwabiwa kwempahla. Ukufaka icandelo, izinga lokukhula kwemali kufuneka lidlule ngaphezulu kwe-20% ngonyaka.

I-Interbank Currency Exchange: IiRhafu zoTshintsho

Enye yemisebenzi yentlangano yintengiso ngemali yempawu yamazwe ahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwezifundo zenziwa apha. Zibonisa ubume boqoqosho lwaseRussia. Nangona igama elithi "imali" livakala kwisihloko, ngaphezu kweminyaka yokuba khona kwayo ububanzi bemisebenzi yokutshintshiselana kwamasheya kwandiswe kakhulu. I-MICEX inikezela ukufikelela ekuthengiseni nge-intanethi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.

Kuze kube ngo-1998, ukuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kweeyunithi zemali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi zithatha uhlobo lweevenkile. Umthengisi uthengise iidola, amanqaku, iipounds kunye ne-francs kwilizwe likazwelonke ngokuthenga ibhidi. Ngoku baxhumeke kwi-SELT kumaziko asi-8. Ngokusekelwe kule ntengiso, i-Interbank Currency Exchange yenziwa. Ngokunyuka kwindleko yokuthengisa, inkqubo yolawulo lweengozi "inkokhelo malunga nentlawulo" yabonakala.

Imarike yesikhombi

Le yona nqanaba elikhulu lokuhweba apho kuthengiswa khona amasheya. I-98% yentengiselwano kwimarike yeevenkile zasekhaya iqhutywe apha. Kukho izibhengezo ezingaphezu kwe-1500 ezahlukileyo. Imali epheleleyo yabathengi i-ruble eziyi-29 trillion.

Kwimarike yemasheya, iinkampani ziqhuba ukufakwa kokuqala kweBhanki Ephakathi ukwenzela ukutsala utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo. Abantu abancinci nabathembisayo abakhupha iprojekthi enomdla kunye nesebenzayo bangazama ukuyibeka kwi-stock exchange RII. Ngeli xesha le ndlela yonyani yodwa yokukhangela imali yabo bonke abantu abanomdla kulo mbono. Imeko esemthethweni yenkampani kufuneka ikhethwe njenge-OJSC, kwaye i-capitalisation kufuneka ibe ubuncinane i-ruble ezigidi ezingama-50. Inani elikhulu leenkampani kunye nabantu abazizityebi balungele ukutshala imali kwiiprojekthi ezithakazelisayo. Kwaye emva kweengcamango bahlangabezana nazo kwiRII. Iinkampani ezincinci zingenomdla kumathuba okukhula okukhulu. Inhlangano efanayo e-US ibizwa ngokuba ngu-NASDAQ. Ithengiswa: Apple, Microsoft, Amazon.com, Google, Dell, Intel, njl.

Iimpawu zophuhliso

Sifanele sichaze i-index ye-MICEX. Ibonisa ukuba iinkampani ezingama-20 zaseRashiya zashintshile njani kwixabiso leBhanki Ephakathi: iLukoil, i-Gazprom, i-Sberbank, i-Rosneft, i-MTS, i-VTB, i-Aeroflot, njl. Inkcazo yesitokisi ibonisa imeko jikelele kwiimarike. Ukuba iinkampani zisebenza kwinzuzo, ke abatyali-mali bathenga izabelo zabo, oko kukuthi, isalathisi sikhula. Intsapho yee-indices ze-stock exchange exchange equka i-8, i-capital capital kunye neyesibini. Kwiibhondi, umasipala (iMICEX MBI) kunye nenkampani (iMICEX CBI) ibalwa.

Mhlawumbi umntu uthathe isigqibo sokutyalwa imali kwizabelo, kwaye emva kwexesha-khangela ixabiso. I-CBA 3 kwabangama-5 bathenga iinkampani zonyuka kwixabiso, kwaye ezimbini eziseleyo zawa. Kodwa ukuba uthengisa bonke, umtyalomali uya kuhlala esenzuzo. Isivuno esipheleleyo siya kuba, umzekelo, + 20%. Esi sibonakaliso esibonisa isimo semarike. KuMICEX kukho abarhwebi abangama-280 abathengiswa kwi-GS.

Unokubeka kwakhona iimbophelelo kwimarike yamasheya. Ngo-2013, i-issuers 400 yenze imiba engama-700 ngexabiso elipheleleyo lama-ruble ayi-trillion. Ukuthelekisa: ngo-2010, imibutho engama-66 ibhaliswe ngokuthengisa iimbopheleleko ezipheleleyo eziyi-965 zeebhilikri. Ayikho indima encinci ekunyuseni imiqulu ibambe iziseko eziphuhlisiweyo. Kwimarike yemasheya, abathathi-nxaxheba bangena kwiintengiso xa bebeka kwaye bejikeleza, kwaye abatyali-mali abafanelekileyo-bahlawulele.

Ukucoca kunye neenkonzo zentlawulo

Le mi sebenzi yenziwa yi-Clearing House. Ukuthengiswa kwemali engekho-mali kwenziwa nge-Interbank Currency Exchange Exchange. I-Clearing Centre yinkqubo yokuqala e-Russia. Yiyo inkokeli ngokwemali kunye nokuthengwa kweefa ezigcinwe. Abaxhasi bawadlulisela kwiBhanki Ephakathi, i-deposit yenza zonke iintengo kunye nokuhlala.

Isishwankathelo

I-Interbank yaseMoscow yaseBurban Exchange Currency isona sakhiwo esikhulu eRashiya, esinika ulwazi, i-depository, iinkonzo ze-e-commerce, ukucoca kunye nokulungisa. Zonke iiyunithi ze-MICEX zixhaswa ngabafundi abathathi-nxalenye nesiqingatha-abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike-iibhanki ezinkulu kunye neenkampani zokuthengisa. Umsebenzi oyintloko wokutshintshiselwa kukuphuhliswa kweendlela zemarike zokuchonga izinga lokutshintshiselwa kunye nokwabiwa ngokufanelekileyo kweemali ezifumanekayo okwethutyana.