Kunstkamera - museum kunye kwiziko lemfundo

Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-Museum of Anthropology ezizwe ogama emva Petra Velikogo ibhiyozele iminyaka eli-300. Yeyona imeko ezihlangwini imyuziyam yokuqala karhulumente eRashiya, yasekwa koMlawuli ngo-1714. Kunstkamera - le yenye omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeni kunye neemyuziyam ezindala ngenkcazo, kwingxowa-mali yakhe iikopi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-1.2.

Kanye njengoko

Xa uluvo umakhi, yena waba umbhexeshi ingcinga lwenzululwazi eYurophu eluntwini Russian. Kunstkamera - Museum isekelwe phezu umzekelo yamazwe aseYurophu. Isiseko kwebandla yokuqokelela zasiwa yi uPetros I of uhambo lokuqala wozakuzo eYurophu phantsi "Enkulu Embassy". Phambi kwakhe, akukho namnye evela tsars Russian na wazama kutyelela eYurophu.

wonke lo nyaka, uPetros I kwelinye lenqubo nje phoyisa Petra Mihaylova, kunye Embassy watyelela aliqela amazwe. Wafunda ofisi zobuqu ukuqokelelwa wenzululwazi, wathetha neengcali aseYurophu, ebamema ukuba basebenze eRashiya, kufundwe kurhwebo enxuseneyo nenzululwazi. UPetros wathatha uhambo yesibini emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini.

UPetros yokuqala eYurophu

Iinkcukacha eyaziwayo etyelele ukuba uphawu iimfanelo zakhe. Umzekelo, akuba wafika e Dresden ngokuhlwa, uPetros, emva kweyure wobusuku waya isidlo simazi kunye uqokelelo Kunstkammer, apho wahlala kwada kwasa, safunda ngenyameko icandelo yezixhobo zemathematika kunye nezixhobo ubugcisa. Imiboniso Kunstkammer unomdla kakhulu kuyo, ngomhla wesibini nowesithathu kuhlala e Dresden emva kokubukela imithambo zomkhosi, izikrweqe kunye nendlu Foundry, waphinda wabuyela kuzo.

ENetherlands, emva kokuva ukuba umqokeleli wagcina sarcophagus ongumRoma, kumkani Russian wavakalisa umnqweno ukumbona. Emva kokuhamba yomnini kubhalwe ukuba uPeter Omkhulu nembeko ukubona ofisi yakhe, kodwa xa efumanisa ukuba loo nto igcinwe yokugcina emnyama, wafuna candelabras kunye amakhandlela kunye wabancina lonke ebhokisini amanye amanani ayo, waguqa.

yokungena free

Ummiselo osemthethweni ukusekwa Kunstkammer wayengekho, kodwa sisiseko museum lu dityanisiwe ngokomyalelo Peter I batshintshelwe kokuqokelelwa St. Petersburg abucala kunye zamathala eencwadi, kwakunye kuqokelelwe "naturals" kunye neencwadi ofisi Aptekarskaya.

Iingqokelela bazifumene iindawo yaseHlotyeni Palace of kukumkani, yaye kamva, ngowe-1719, - emagumbini ye athimba Boyar Kikin, kulo nyaka Kunstkamery imiboniso ezazikho esidlangalaleni ngokomyalelo wokumkani.

Njengoko ilivo yamandulo, uPetros mna, wangena Museum kunye rarities, wavakalisa ukuba ngoku wonke umntu unalo ithuba lokuba siqhelane isixhobo komzimba womntu kunye nezilwanyana, kwakunye ukuhlola izinambuzane ezininzi, makhe abantu khangela kwihlabathi ezahlukeneyo abemi umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle. ukumkani Assistant Earl Yaguzhinskii waphawula ukuba yokufuna ulwazi (St. Petersburg) abadinga inkxaso-mali yaye wacela ukuba abize utyelelo ngamnye dollar enye. King of the isindululo akazange nje, waza wagqiba ukwenza esahlukileyo, yonke undwendwe weza aphathe yeti, ikofu okanye yevodka. Kungekudala umphathi oyintloko konyaka yabekelwa 400 engange ukunyanga iindwendwe. Eli siko iye yaba yimpumelelo yaye wayekho ngexesha lokulawula uAnny Ioannovny - zonke iiklasi, ngaphandle kokukhetha, angafika isidlo ngokuzithandela yekofu isonka okanye yevodka.

Ukukhetha wawa ...

Kunstkamera - indawo ubhetyebhetye apho imiboniso eqokelelwe kwindawo encinane baziqhelanise wonke nehlabathi ngokokwahlukana kwalo konke. Avuleke eqokelelwe kulo lonke ilizwe ngokusekelwe nemimiselo karhulumente. Indima ebalulekileyo ekuhambiseleni yokuqokelela ukudlala uhambo kwizifundo zasekhaya, iirisithi evela abantu bathenge kwamanye amazwe.

Ingqokelela lukhula rhoqo, ke ngoko, kufuneka indawo enkulu, kunye nomgama ukusuka kwiziko Kikin Chambers wayedlala phantsi ukubaluleka ukuba imali kule projekthi "zemfundo" kakumkani. Ngokutsho legend, xa uPetros ehamba phezu Vasilevsky Island kwaye kwenzeka ukuba uqaphele imithi emibini pine, isebe womnye kubo njengoko likhule laba nesiqu enye, kwaba nzima ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi kubo elimfaneleyo. Le meko, ngokwesithethe, wamnika ingcamango yokwakha imyuziyam of yokufuna ulwazi kule ndawo.

Isakhiwo entsha

isakhiwo esitsha abakhethekileyo ngo 1718, umbhali yale projekthi ibalelwa Mattarnovi. Emva kwakhe de 1734 nokuphakanyiswa le ikwayara uthatha omnye abakhi ezintathu. Ukwakhiwa ihamba ngokucotha okukhulu, Pet Veliky wafumana kuphela iindonga. Kunyaka olandelayo, emva kokufa kwakhe, ingqokelela wafuduselwa kwesakhiwo engagqitywanga. Okokugqibela, ukwakhiwa sagqitywa, naseYurophu yakhamisa - nto Enjalo yona into yayingazange ibonwe. Ku kangangokuba ndandicinga ukuba ngaphandle ulungiso ezinkulu wema kwada kwanamhla.

Ukwakha amasiko kwakhiwa uPetros ezimbejembeje, ezibandakanya izakhiwo ezimbini ezinemigangatho emithathu, imilo zobuciko enxulumene inqaba tiered, nto leyo iba lwale sokugqitywa ezintsonkothileyo.

project uPeter

Yiminyaka elishumi emva kokudalwa zokuqokelelwa Pet Veliky eziqulethwe inxalenye yesibini yeprojekthi i "academic". Ngowe-1724, i-uKhesare neNdlu Yeengwevu waseka Academy of Sciences. Ngoku, Kunstkamera kunye Library Liziko lokuqala kunye 'ezalwa "ye Russian Academy.

Museum of the Academy of Sciences baqalisa ubomi obutsha. Phakathi kweendonga zawo zaye ngokwendawo ingqokelela sisityebi, olwenziwe processing yenzululwazi kunye systematization, evelela sesichengeni ekhokela imikhosi lizwe lwezenzululwazi - konke oku wamenza iziko yenzululwazi ekhethekileyo ngokwenene eYurophu phezu mbutho yomsebenzi ngale.

Kunstkamera - ayikho kuphela isiseko ziinzululwazi Academy of Sciences, kodwa liziko kwezenkcubeko nezemfundo ebalulekileyo. Phakathi kweendonga zayo, izazinzulu ezininzi abadumileyo abasebenza eRashiya, phakathi MV Lomonosov kwabo, waba nenkcazelo izimbiwa, nto leyo ezisagcinwe kwiMyuziyam.

nemiboniso museum

Abantu bayathatheka musa ukukhangela malformations zabantu. Asinguye wonke umntu amandla ukuba ithwalwe emehlweni, khangela ngathi freaks Kunstkamery: amawele Siamese, ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba mbaxa (photo skeleton), umntwana ozelwe ngenxa ombulo, usapho, kunye nabanye. Kwakhona lo mfanekiso idlulisela nesigcina ngomthi, nto leyo nayo bevela Alaska (mithila island). abathandazi Mongolian wasebenzisa njengogwali evela yifemur yabantu. Athini ukhonza tea Chinese, amathumba ebushushwini elanga. Kukho Greater Academic (Gottorp) Globe, yena izalana indlela ukujikeleza zangoku astronomi iitshati inkwenkwezi ngaphakathi.

Amatikiti zingathengwa kwi yiKhabhinethi yokufuna ulwazi ukusuka 11:00 ukuya 17:00 yonke imihla, ngaphandle ngoMvulo, kule dilesi ilandelayo: University eweni, 3.