Syndrome Hyperkinetic. ADHD syndrome. Iimpawu and Treatment

Hyperkinetic syndrome namhlanje enye ukuphazamiseka zokuziphatha ixhaphakileyo abantwana abafikisayo. Ngokutsho data ezahlukeneyo, lo uphethwe malunga-3 ukuya kwi-20% yabafundi eza ukuphathwa udokotela. Kuba obubonakala onyango mazingabhidaniswa kukho ukuziphatha okubi, ixhala okanye iimpawu ukucaphuka, njengenye iimpawu zayo eziphambili inyuswe umsebenzi.

Noko ke, ngenxa kwezinye iingcali iimpawu brilliant nga ukohlula le sifo. Sifunda iimpawu zayo nokuxilonga nokunyanga ADHD ngayo.

syndrome Hyperkinetic. Inkcazo kunye nokwanda kwabantwana

Hyperkinetic syndrome - le yenye yezona ukuphazamiseka zixhaphakileyo zokuziphatha esathi esakhula. Njengabo nezinye izifo ezininzi ngokweemvakalelo, kubonakala umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nexhala. Kwakhona, ukuba udla ngokubizwa ngokuba ingqalelo ukungahlaliseki disorder (ADHD for short).

Ngokuqhelekileyo oku ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka xa abantwana abafikelele kubudala bokuhamba isikolo samabanga aphantsi. Ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya elinambini, frequency wayo iyahluka ukusuka-3 ukuya kwi-20% yezigulane abaselula. Kwaye kule minyaka yokuqala yobomi ADHD lwenzeka kakhulu alufane - kwi 1.5-2% yabantwana. Kule meko kubonakala amakhwenkwe malunga 3-4 amaxesha kaninzi ngaphezu amantombazana.

iimpawu

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, syndrome hyperkinetic ebantwaneni kuziveza umsebenzi okwandileyo ikakhulu kunye ukucaphuka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka kwangoko xesha izikolo zaseprayimari. Kodwa iimpawu baqondisiswa sele kwi kunyaka wesithathu okanye wesine ebomini.

Ukuba sithethe wabonakala yokuqala syndrome, kunokwenzeka ukuba ziqaphele Ukukhula kobuthathaka kwizinto ukuba kwenzeka nkqu ebuntwaneni. abantwana abanjalo avelana ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, ingxolo okanye utshintsho lobushushu. ADHD syndrome kwakhona Mzoli ngexesha uphaphama kunye iphupha, ukumelana eziqhiyeni kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Kwisikolo ekuqaleni kweminyaka amava mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Ukungabikho kwentliziyo. Umntwana akanako ukunikela ingqalelo nasiphi na isifundo, aninakuliphulaphula utitshala ixesha elide.
2. imemori sokunciphisa. Ngenxa ADHD ngakumbi umfundi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo junior ufunda ikharityhulam.
3. Impulsiveness. Umntwana uba fussy kunye abawonwabeleyo. Amaxesha amaninzi oku kubonakaliswa ukungakwazi ukumamela isiphelo, balinde ithuba labo. Nezenzo umntwana isoloko unmotivated engalindelekanga kunye.
4. ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
5. izifo Ukuchukumiseka: wobulali emfutshane, ndlongo, uyadelela, okanye, kungenjalo, tearfulness ayinasihlahla.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantwana abahamba isikolo abanengxaki nolungelelwaniso zeentshukumo. Oku kuzibonakalisa ubunzima kunye ngokubhala, umbala, shoelaces wokubopha. Kukho ukunyhashwa lwemihlaba co-ordination.

Oonobangela kunye nezinto ezichaphazela okuvela ADHD

Ukuvela ingqalelo ukungahlaliseki sifo iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi:

1. iingxaki ezahlukeneyo yokukhulelwa. A toxemia strong nehlala ixesha elide okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kwi umama elizayo kungabangela ADHD ebantwaneni.
2. yokuphila mpilweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye ukutshaya unakho kuchaphazela kakubi amalungu isithuba kunye neenkqubo womntwana elizayo (kubandakanywa nenkqubo-luvo). Kwakhona, izinto labenza syndrome hyperkinetic, iquka umsebenzi onzima ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ntshikilelo.
3. ukunikezelwa zezi- okanye okukhawulezayo kakhulu nako sibe nefuthe elibi kuphuhliso komntwana.
4. into Social. iingxaki zokuziphatha kunye nochuku zizinto edla ngokubange- kwi imeko ukungaphatheki ekhaya okanye esikolweni. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba uzama ukumelana nemeko noxinzelelo. Ngokwawo, lo mba kungabangela ADHD, kodwa unako ukuphucula kakhulu iimpawu zayo.

Noko ke, oonobangela kwaye njalo hyperkinetic syndrome ayikenziwa kutyhilwa.

ADHD okanye bawo?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukufumana impulsivity somntwana, kwaye umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo, abazali bazindla waba ADHD. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba umntwana ngamnye sele ubuntu bakhe. Umzekelo, iimpawu uphawu choleric nje impulsivity, umsindo kunye ngumchamo. Kwaye sanguine encinane rhoqo ukusilela ingqalelo eklasini enye kunye nemfuneko ukuswitsha rhoqo ukusuka umsebenzi omnye komnye.

Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba isandi alam, kubalulekile sihlolisise usana lwakho ukuba ukuziphatha kwakhe - yinto nje njengokubonisa yesimo. Ukongeza, ingakumbi yobudala zezikolo zaseprayimari kufuna umzila encinane inkumbulo kunye ephantsi ingqalelo kweminwe. Ezi mpawu ngcono ngcembe njengoko bekhula. Kwakhona ngeli xesha sivame Mzoli kunye impulsiveness. Umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka 7 kodwa ayikwazi kunikela elide into enye.

Enye into kukuba xa ADHD, ezi mpawu kugqame kakhulu ngakumbi. Ukuba, ke, lo msebenzi lukhatshwa ndingekho kwentliziyo impairment memory ezibalulekileyo okanye ukulala, kungcono ukuba bafune uncedo yincutshe.

ekuxilongweni

Indlela ukuchonga ADHD namhlanje? Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhona, kwakunye ukufumanisa enoba ezingahambi nezinye izifo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi ezifuna kuqala luvo bonke abantwana thethwano ngayo. Uphando olubanzi luya kubandakanya amanqanaba eziliqela.

Okokuqala, lubandakanya ukuxilongwa ayinyani. Ugqirha ehlola umntwana nokuchophela incoko kunye nabazali, ngexesha esicacisa indlela lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokubeleka kunye ebuntwaneni.

Emva koko, lo mntwana ucelwa ukuba kudlula iimvavanyo ezininzi kwengqondo. Ngoko kulinganiswa ingqalelo, inkumbulo kunye nozinzo ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuze Ucwaningo injongo, ezo mvavanyo zenziwa kuphela abantwana abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.

Isigaba uphethwe yokugqibela electroencephalography. Ngoncedo lomsebenzi noqikelelo neuron, esisigxina komgomo kunokwenzeka. Ngokutsho iziphumo zoviwo, ugqirha ungenza afunyaniswe isifo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukumisela unyango. Lomntu ke onobu bugcisa abanezakhono iqwalasela iimpawu ubudala kwizikolo zaseprayimari yaye ukwahlula kwabo kubonakaliswa sifo.

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu hyperkinetic syndrome ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwangethuba abancinane, kubalulekile ukuba izikolo kunye nootitshala baye uyakwazi ukubona oko. Hi ndlela leyi, ootitshala wayedla ukutsala ingqalelo kule ngxaki ngaphezu abazali.

Yintoni a hyperkinetic inhliziyo syndrome?

Kukho sisifo kunye negama efanayo, nto leyo alichaphazeli yokuziphatha. Esi sifo hyperkinetic inhliziyo. Inyaniso yokuba, xa kuthelekiswa neengxaki zokuziphatha, ADHD kukuba yenye izenzo kwekhono yawo, ezizezi kukwaphula intliziyo. Oku akwenzeki ebantwaneni, kodwa ikakhulu abantu abaselula. Ekubeni esi sifo kudla ezingahambi naziphi na iimpawu, oko kubonwa iimviwo njongo kuphela xa.

Yonyango ngamachiza

Njengoko iingcali uqaphele, ukuhlola syndrome hyperkinetic, unyango esi sifo kufuneka ezintsonkothileyo. Enye yeencindi kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Xa unesifo ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wabo uba phezulu kakhulu. La machiza kufuneka nomphumo nomqondiso. Bona gqiba ezibonisa syndrome yaye kakhulu ukuququzelela uphuhliso umntwana.

therapy Drug kufuneka eyandisiweyo, ekubeni kubalulekile ukususa iimpawu nje kuphela, kodwa ukubethelela isiphumo ifunyenwe. Musa ukuthembela amayeza iintsomi, oko kuphela ugqirha uyakwazi ukukhetha ichiza intle, ukumisela unyango olusebenzayo.

ukulungisa Psychological

Enye ingxenye yonyango ADHD kukho inkxaso yengqondo. iminyaka Child 7 ingakumbi abadinga uncedo, njengoko unyaka wokuqala wezifundo kube nzima ukuba zombini umfundi kunye nomzali. Ingakumbi xa kukho ukungahlaliseki. Kulo mzekelo, i ulungiso zengqondo iyafuneka ukwenza izakhono yomntwana ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye noontanga kunye nezalamane.

ukwachaphazela intsebenziswano enkulu kunye nootitshala kunye nabazali. Umntwana udinga ukunakekelwa rhoqo inkxaso yosapho, kwakunye inxaxheba vuxiyaxiya ngakwicala lootitshala.

Ngaba ADHD abadala?

Zokubonisa ADHD kancane, ukuqala lokufikisa. Okokuqala, kunciphise ukungahlaliseki kunye nengqalelo ukuphazamiseka - kumatyeli yokugqibela. Kodwa ke, malunga nama-amabini ekhulwini labantu abafunyaniswa kunye hyperkinetic syndrome, ezinye iimpawu zakhe sizingise omdala.

Kwezinye iimeko, kukho umkhuba bazikhethe, utywala kunye likhoboka neziyobisi. Ngoko iimpawu ADHD kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ngoxilongo ze wanyangwa.

Tips for abazali

Yintoni ofanele uyenze abazali xa umntwana sele ADHD syndrome kwafunyaniswa? Okokuqala, kufuneka udale umoya kakuhle endlwini. Kubalulekile ukuba balandele ngqo ulawulo kwemini - umntwana uya kuba njalo kwethu kunye ephangaleleyo.

Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi ADHD ibonisa ukwanda, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubhalisa umntwana kwicandelo kwezemidlalo. Ngokubanzi, naziphi zokuzonwabisa ezinomdla kakhulu ngcono imeko yomntwana. Unxibelelwano kunye nomntwana kufuneka uzolile kwaye enobubele. Kodwa ityala kufuneka makungaphindezelwa; kuba nangoku ukufumana, kunye ulolongo, inkxaso kunye imfutshane bonke abazali badlala indima ebaluleke gqitha.