Indlu Museum of Dostoevsky e Moscow: idilesi, inkcazelo kunye photo

Ubuchule F. M. Dostoevskogo, ochithe inxalenye enkulu yobomi yayo wachitha eSt Petersburg, uyakwazi kwaye uyayixabisa lonke ihlabathi. Umbhali omkhulu wazalwa waza wakhulela eMoscow. Kuye kwaqulunqwa 1928 Iflede eniyisebenzisa Museum of Dostoevsky. Kuyinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu recreates okusingqongileyo apho kwakuhlala Fyodor omncinane kunye nabazali bakhe nabazalwana.

Uphi imyuziyam

Esitratweni. Dostoevsky, d. 2, Iapatmenti ibekwe Museum of Dostoevsky, idilesi esiye sele wabonisa. In pre-revolution Russia kwakukho isibhedlele Mariinsky amahlwempu, eyasekwa yi umfazi emva Paul I. Isakhiwo ilitye classical ngqongqo ipaseji wakha Gilardi kunye Mikhailov ngo-1806 kwi-draft Quarenghi. ukuqeshwa kwakhe namhlanje Hospital noko zatshintsha. Nangona kunjalo, waqhubeka kwiziko lonyango, eziyifaneleyo Phthisiopneumology Research Institute kunye phthisiologists uluntu Russian. Street New Bozhedomka njengoko de 1954 wabizwa Dostoevsky Street, ibekwe embindini.

Ndibone umntwana oselula ekunye Fedor

New Bozhedomka kwinkulungwane XIX wayengekho indawo ophambili. Yaba indawo kunokuba yephondo ngaphandle i-Boulevard Ring. Endlwini kaThixo bazisa kwisitrato ngesiquphe bamfumana efile, kwabulawa imilo okanye ukuphanga, ngokunjalo ukuzibulala. Xa amaziko abaswele ezinjalo indulumbane izigulane amahlwempu okanye ulihlwempu kakhulu, lowo umgca emigceni emide. Ngokuba nabazalwana Dostoevsky, ibingumbono ayiqhelileyo. Yavota ngabazali babo, ukuba nobudlelane nam kulo igquba. Xa kweyadi esibhedlela Bozhedomka ebomini eliselula Fyodor beza kubantu abahluphekileyo, "ndihlazekile kakubi". Yena ndabanda ngokukhethekileyo bali elivisayo amantombazana udlwengulwe. Esi siganeko yokwenene kubomi waya umsebenzi wakhe isizathu inqambi nobuntwana ihlanjelwe, kunyathelwa eludakeni. Ngoko, ekuqaleni Fyodor wafunda nemfesane.

Njani uqala Museum

Emva kokufa Fyodor Mikhailovich ngo-1881 umhlolokazi wakhe, uAnna waqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuqokelela yonke imibhalo-ngqangi, iincwadi, iileta, iifoto kunye nezinto zobuqu. Ngaphezu kwewaka izinto zibekwe 1889 kwi kwigumbi of the Historical Museum eMoscow. Yaba inkumbulo Museum F. M. Dostoevskogo. Noko ke, wasilela ukutsala ingqalelo uluntu ngokubanzi, njengoko eyayikho bodwa evela kwisithuba lenkumbulo. Xa izaqhwithi mbuso, amaxwebhu ezininzi zalahleka. Ngoko ke, oku akwaziwa apho zokubhala kunye nedrafti ngqangi yenoveli "The Brothers Karamazov." Ukuba wonke umntu ukujonga indawo apho esengumntwana neni yombhali elizayo, kwagqitywa ukwenza igumbi-museum ka Dostoevsky, kwaye yavulwa eMoscow ngo-1928.

yokuwela

Kwisibhedlele Mariinsky amahlwempu wayesebenza kumnyangi, owayesakuba ugqirha emkhosini uMikhail, uyise ka-ntsapho omkhulu kwixesha elizayo. Okwangoku, ngowe-1821, xa usapho ithatha indawo omncinane iphiko ekunene, xa izalwayo, unyana wesibini Fedenka. intsapho yakowabo yafudukela ekhohlo kumgangatho wokuqala, iphiko ngasentla, apho ngoku kukho yokuhlala-museum of Dostoevsky kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Anikwa amagumbi amabini kuphela, ikhitshi kunye amabini epasejini. Kukho amagumbi amabini nangaphezulu, kodwa umsebenzi wazo ayaziwa.

Indlela ukuqala uhlolo

Okokuqala, kwanabandwendweleyo ndibulisa yi ukukhankanywa lokuqala Fyodor Dostoevsky, ukufunda ungeno kwi "Incwadi babhaptizelwa kwaye isono kwi uPetros noPawulos Church of esibhedlele." baby Igama ndawonye nabo walala khona, wafela esibhedlele: lijoni, ikapteni umhlala, umfazi umphathiswa woonongendi ethe ukhululwe kwi serf endle.

Intsapho yayihlala koko iimeko

ngocoselelo ubuso Household yachaza umninawa ka Fyodor Mikhailovich, ukuvumela ukuba ukubuyisa ikhaya elula ukuthobeka endleleni Dostoevsky kwiMyuziyam eMoscow. Le phambi ikhokelela kwigumbi lokutyela, okanye "ukusebenza igumbi", apho iindonga zaye beqabe omthubi, kunye neembono kweyadi esibhedlele kunye Bozhedomka. Lubeke armchairs, itafile okweqanda, itheyibhile ikhadi, isofa, udonga kwikhabhinethi mahogany - Empire eyingqondi, yona ikuvumela ukugcina isikhundla amanene. Le theyibhile lokutyela malunga usapho apho abantwana abasixhenxe. Ezindongeni kukho imifanekiso enxulumene ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwaye zinxulunyaniswa iinkumbulo ngokundwendwela i yesicelo, Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Kwaye ngokuhlwa kweli gumbi weva amabali abantwana alena Frolovna. Fyodor Mikhailovich wakhumbula ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu wazama ukuba abhale amabali ezineenkcukacha kwaye eyoyikisayo.

Emva kwagxunyekwa

igumbi ngabantwana wahlukana epasejini yi isahlulelo eyenziwe ngomthi. Kulo kwakukho buti ezimbini apho Michael nilele yaye Fedor. Igumbi litshanda. Oku zigcinwa Dostoevsky kwiMyuziyam eMoscow.

qala ukufundisa

Phezu kwetafile ikhadi yiBhayibhile ityhilwe 'Incwadi kaYobhi ", epapashwe ngo-1815. Onke amabali yeTestamente eNdala ukufunda nomama wabantwana bakhe favorite Maria Fedorovna, lowo wemkayo bume womrhwebi kwaye wakhulela Borovsk. Yena waba utitshala lokuqala abantwana babo. Incwadi yokuqala bonke abantwana "angamakhulu amane kwimbali engcwele." Ikopi yencwadi Fyodor zange ashiye wayemgcinile bonke ubomi bakhe, njengoko unqulo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yendlela zokudlala abantwana, apho abantwana badlale phantsi kweliso kamama wam, ukwenza womluki. Kubonakala ngathi enye amagumbi amabini eflethini-museum of Dostoevsky.

egumbini lokuphumula

Eli gumbi iqhagamshelaniswe kwigumbi lokutyela. Usapho ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba imyuziyam-yokuhlala F. M. Dostoevskogo eMoscow. Igcina zonke izinto eziyinyani wachukumisa Fyodor Mikhailovich. Kwigumbi lokuphumla kukho esofeni, phambi apho etafileni neqanda kubekwe phezu ityali encinane. Around kulo izitulo amalungiselelo kunye kwikhabhathi kwikona - itafile kunye isiginci. Ngokufunda ukufunda, abantwana bakhululekile ukukhetha iincwadi zabo abazithandayo kubo. Emva kwesidlo sasemini kwi kwigumbi yonke cwaka, ukuze ukuphazamisa ubuthongo kayise, iphumle phezu kwesingqengqelo, xa imini yakhe yaphela esibhedlele. Emva kokuphumla, uyise waqhubeka ukusebenza ngokuhlwa; wabhala imbali izigulane, ukumisela amayeza. Ngeli xesha, kuba akukho namnye ukhathazwa ukuthetha elikhulu kunye ingxolo. Xa Sifikile kumkhuluwa endlwini lwabo lweenkobe abangatshatanga kaThixo, wathabatha isigingci. Maria Feodorovna ukudlalwa ukuya umzalwana wakhe phezu isixhobo yesibini. Ukuba bacule iingoma Russian kunye bothando. Intsapho kwakhona wayeyoliswa kakhulu, xa zonke ngokuhlwa bangqonge itafile uze ufunde ngokuvakalayo neenoveli, imibongo kunye iprozi ngu Pushkin, "Imbali" Karamzin.

Ngoku Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo Iflede eniyisebenzisa Museum efuna ukudlulisela onke amaxesha lokusekwa ubuntu yombhali, ngoko, ukongeza izinto zemihla ngemihla, ugxininise ubomi yokomoya zombhali. Ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya eMoscow abathuthwayo idesika apho wabhala isahluko "Abazalwana Karamazov", inkstand wakhe, izibuko bakhe kunye namakhadi oshishino. Kukwakho imifanekiso imisebenzi yakhe, iifoto yokuqala amalungu entsapho zombhali. I-museum, ibekwe kwisitrato Dostoevsky, ngovuyo wamkela nabani na onomdla le misebenzi yoyilo, kwaye ibamba kuphela ukhenketho kodwa isihloko nobusuku.