Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: ibhayografi emfutshane. Edume pilot umlweli eSoviet

Juni lwesibhozo elikude kwaye ephazamisayo elinethoba elinamanci mabini, njengephempe Obrazheevke - kwilali Hlukhiv kwisithili kwiphondo Chernigov - babhengeza ukukhala usana olusanda kuzalwa. Boy ogama Vanya (Ivan). Kumashumi eminyaka, kwaye urhulumente ebizwa ngokuba Union of Soviet Socialist seeRiphablikhi abayi kufumana umntu ongamaziyo phi kwaye nini wazalwa pilot Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. biography emfutshane-nxaxheba yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi kunye IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic izibakala kwaye mangaza nabani na onomdla Amaqhinga amadabi umoya kwamazwe ungquzulwano kwegazi kwenzeka kuphela kwinkulungwane XX.

Zezulu, ekhaya

Ngelo ngaphambili, Ivan Kozhedub wayengekho ukususela kwimihla yangaphambili Enkulu Patriotic kweMfazwe, yaye ngoMatshi 1943. Noko ke, yena umqhubi likwazile ukubonisa isibindi esinjalo, inkalipho, ukugqwesa imfazwe eliye laba izihlandlo ezithathu Hero eSoviet Union. Nokuba loxolo, eli lizwe kuvavanywa ukufaneleka abakuluhlu selinge "Air Marshal" (1985).

Kozhedub IN Walwa notshaba njengenxalenye imikhosi encedisayo. I angels pilot isebenzayo bagaleleka ukwenza yokulwa imishini amaxesha 366, wayoyisa amadabi umoya 120, wasiphula moya lwamaNazi 62.

Ac betha iithagethi ngobuchule ngokusebenzisa iimpazamo utshaba encinane. Ukuwa twatse injongo nakweyiphi imeko-moya. Kozhedub umatshini kule tyala anihlasele: nokuba umonakalo omkhulu, nakaloku, kwakuyakuhlala "kwi nephiko". abahlobo Ukulwa wathi kuye: "Xa izulu, ekhaya."

kwemihla emibini yokuzalwa

ubhalo alawule Ivana Kozheduba, ukukwazi kwakhe ukufumana indlela yokuphuma kuyo nayiphi na imeko babekwa yabantwana yasekuqaleni. Entsatsheni, hlakulela ilizwe, bakhula abantwana abahlanu. UYise (owayesakuba igosa) wondle abantwana ngqo, elawulwa umthendeleko ukusebenza ekuqaleni.

Sele Vanya kunyaka-5 ubudala ndihamba ebusuku ukuba alinde egadini. Intloko yentsapho wayesazi wokhuseleko olunjalo uncedo oluncinane; kodwa bakholwa ukuba ezi mvavanyo ukugxininisa umlinganiswa, funda ukoyisa iingxaki. Kamva, lo mfana wanceda esweni abalusi ugxuba abadala (waye underherdsman). Lo msebenzi wayengoyiki, wathi: indlela ngokuhamba.

Ngowe-1934, inkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala sele zigqityiwe uqeqesho esikolweni yasemaphandleni. Emva kweminyaka emibini ulwazi ezifundwa rabfak (abasebenzi ubuhlakani ukulungiselela abasebenzi kunye nabalimi ukufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo). Ngowe-1936 wadlula iimvavanyo yokungena kwi College of Chemical Technology (Shostka).

Siya-: ukungena ekholejini, iminyaka elivisayo kwakhula embalwa. Kukho ubungqina bokuba Kozhedub IN akazange azalwe Juni 8, 1920, yaye ngoJulayi 6, 1922 Ngowe-1939, umqhubi elizayo baqalisa izifundo zakhe Shostka club luphaphazela. Balufunda biplane emininzi U-2.

isibhakabhaka ekuqiniseni

Zalisa uqeqesho Kozhedub College kungekho ithuba - ekuqaleni 1940, umchiza injineli elizayo yaba Red Army (Workers zomkhosi 'kwaye Abalimi' Red Army). Isiphelo wamthuma naye endleleni ezahlukeneyo: ekuweni Ngomnyaka wamashumi omane Ivan Nikitivich wafumana "uqweqwe" (idiploma) Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School (Matshi 1941 School of pilot). Njengoko umfundi kakuhle ushiywe esikolweni njengoko umqhubi ofundisa, efundisa wabaqalayo.

Kodwa ngaphambili, kakhulu, babefuna Fighters ezibalulekileyo ezifana Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. biography emfutshane uthi ngo-1943 wathunyelwa th 302 Fighter Division, ukuya Voronezh Front. Ngoko ke waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe isithixo wamajoni izizukulwana ezininzi abemi USSR kunye Russian Federation.

Kumlo wokuqala moya wakhe La-5 yayonakele - ukusuka isiJamani "Messer", kodwa kwangaxeshanye - ukusuka gunners anti-moya eSoviet, ukhokela umlo. Kodwa Kozhedub wakwazi nomhlaba moya yonakele. Kwabonakala ukuba umsebenzi wakhe yeflaythi phezu, ima sele uqalile. Kodwa ke umphathi webutho inkxaso freshman, wamnika ithuba lokubonisa bona kule mpi ezilandelayo kunye notshaba.

July, 1943

-Moya yokuqala lwamaNazi shot phantsi Kozhedub waba U-87 ( "Junkers"). Real wathabatha yesithandathu ngoJulayi 1943 ngethuba amadabi komsindo e Kursk. NgoJulayi 7 ngenxa Ivan ikuluhlu elinye "Junkers" kwaye kwintsuku ezimbini mva - 2 bf-109 karma (Messerschmitt Bf.109, okanye Me-109).

mbali Military bebodwa yaye mayichaze ngokunzulu amanyathelo yobugorha ezisisiseko ezine eyenza Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. biography emfutshane ngaye kwezi ziganeko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. I isenzo abacimi wokuqala umhla wamashumi amathathu Septemba 1943 Le mini ekwindla, sijike moya ngexesha ukugcinwa amajoni Soviet ukunqumla Dnieper, uIvan wasala ungakhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo (engathwele ezabo), kodwa ningothuswa.

Ephawula "Junkers", yena watsibela phezu moya nomgangatho woposo ye Luftwaffe, atyhoboza, angena kulo unit yotshaba. Izanyazanyiswa isibindi ye-ACE eSoviet, amaNazi wayeka iziqhushumbisi, waya phezu ukuzithethelela. Ndiya ukubala ngaloo Ivan Kozhedub, feat ethe wenza imbali. Ukusebenzisa into yokuba omnye Ju-87 banduluka kwiqela siyitshabalalise umdlali macebo ngokupheleleyo.

October 1943

Okwesithathu Oktobha 1943 ezisithoba-injini enye karma La-5 (kubandakanywa moya Kozhedub) layigubungela isithuba usebenze emkhosini kweenxweme Dnieper. Bandisa wabona amafu kwikholam "laptozhnikov" (isiteketiso banikwa Russian "Junkers-87").

Wonke 9 utshaba ekuhlaseleni layigubungela ezintandathu ababelwa "Mna-109." Kwakubonakala ukuba bazaliswa bonke esibhakabhakeni. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amabutho ukungalingani, Ivan Nikitivich ngobukroti wakhokela isigxina ezintlanu La-5. Utshaba akazange alindele isixa owayeligqolo of moya eSoviet uya kuba nako ukujongana nzulu armada zabo eweni, kodwa lizama.

A kwemizuzu embalwa emva ukuhlaselwa kwaqala, umhlaba lwawela nje ezimbini "Junkers". ngoko nangoko Ezinye iinqwelo-moya ezilithoba zokuqala wanikela "reverse". kamva ixesha elifutshane lweMedia kwaye 2 ezilithoba Ju-87. pilot eSoviet ayimeyisi amandla, nobuchule nesibindi nanto, ephilwe.

Extreme "ukubaleka" imoto wabanjwa waza wajika ibe nto Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. biography emfutshane bakhe kubhalwe ukuba wayibeka "Indawo ngamanqatha" ekulweni ekuhlaseleni emanzini lwamaNazi.

February, 1945

Inyanga yesibini ebusika ngo-1945 yabalasela amadabi kwi oder. Indlela ukwahlula kwi msebenzi Vistula-oder Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? biography emfutshane hero kwaye siqulathe ulwazi. Esibhakabhakeni phezu oder pilot omnye okokuqala kwimbali yehlabathi uthulele phantsi jet entsha "KUM-262". Phambi kwakhe ukuba aphumelele imoto design entsha Luftwaffe ayikwazanga ubani.

Kwathi like this. Februwari elinethoba Kozhedub kunye neqabane lakhe nguDmitry Titorenko, afumaneka kwi ezinobude kweekhilomitha ezintathu-moya ongaziwayo. Moya ngesantya nkqu mda entsha "La 7" (ekupheleni kuka-1944 Kozhedub waba isekela. Ndingumthetheli 176 th Guards. Zimi, nto leyo yinyanga kakhulu kwehlobo kwakuba ukulwa, "La 7", oomatshini abaliqela design entsha ).

Kozhedub waphawula ukuba ACE waseJamani khaphu-, ngenxa yokuba imoto yakhe iimpukane "ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kokhanyiso" Ngaphantsi isithuba kungashiywa yokhangelo ingakhangelwa. pilot eSoviet wadibana izithuthi utshaba kwi buchasene, wakhe La-7 karma weskrini ezantsi ekunene "isiJamani" "esiswini".

ngoko Titarenko Adubula kungekudala kakhulu, kodwa ukuhlasela kwanyanzeleka utshaba gu bucala okwethutyana "cwaka" Kozhedub ukuba uzimisele isiphumo noloyiso. Xa mgama azezi kunokwenzeka eliphezulu, uIvan wavula umlilo, besaphula izidubuli "ummangaliso."

April, 1945

Ngenyanga yesibini entwasahlobo ngokuphumelela Ivana Kozheduba wagqiba kwelokuba 'soyikiso "Amanyeneyo - abaseMelika. pilot lakhona Kozhedub, uvikele American «B-17», otpugnuv kuye mlilo ezimbini German. Kodwa phantse nangoko wahlaselwa enamandla evela kude. Ngubani wadubula - akucaci kukubalela edabini. Noko ke, moya ezimbini abangaziwayo zaye ezijoliswe ekutshatyalalisweni wempi eSoviet!

Ukucezela, Ivan Nikitivich, waya kwelinye icala kunkqonkqoza kuye. Enye zithutha (Kozhedub kwabonakala ukuba zidade esibhakabhakeni), wadubula - yaye ndawela emhlabeni a kobethileyo yesibini ezinamaphiko. Kwathi kanti, boyiswa waba US Air Force, "Mustangs." Sizana achaza isenzo kwabo okhohlisayo ukuba "Impazamo yenzekile."

Enyanisweni, abaxhasi ekulweni udushe wagqiba ukukhangela Kozhedub eliGorha "amandla." Kwaye ke alidanisi Ivan Kozhedub ukusinda feat nokuba kwiimeko ezininzi ezingalindelekanga nga kuthathwa omnye isiqinisekiso yokuba ngokwenene liqhawe.

wamagama

Ngoko ke zingaphi moya wadubula phantsi Kozhedub? Kunye "Mustang" sizana - 64. Kozhedub IN yawongwa amawonga aphezulu karhulumente lweenkobe: kuquka Order of Lenin (4), Red Flag (7), Red (2) Star, Alexander Nevsky, iMfazwe Yehlabathi I inqanaba, njl, kwakunye imiyalelo amazwe .. wafela IN Kozhedub yesibhozo Agasti 1991. indawo yokungcwaba - Moscow, i Novodevichy emangcwabeni.