Kokubizwa wokuqala Zemsky Sobor, indima yakhe kubomi yezopolitiko Russia

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo eRashiya kulisiko ukusombulula iingxaki kwaye ukuba ahlawule ityala yi lonke uluntu, "lelizwe lonke", nangona yokuba kokubizwa yokuqala Zemsky Sobor kwenzeka kuphela phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi, ebudeni bolawulo Ivanom Groznym lizwe. Ubukho ngamaziko afana Zinjalo kumazwe amaninzi eYurophu, kwinqanaba lokugqibela ekuphuhlisweni welifa-ezimele neNgonyama. Lokuqala Zemsky Sobor zavela eNgilani, nase-, Portugal. ESpeyin, la maziko yengxoxo ayebizwa Cortes, e Poland - i Ukutya, eJamani - State iPalamente.

Ngoko ke, i Zemsky Sobor - Liziko angawona aphezulu karhulumente ngokuphathelele-ummeli, inkululeko imisebenzi zakonosoveschatelnogo. Ubiza yokusonjululwa kwimicimbi yezopolitiko kunye nolawulo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba yokubiza abameli kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo ukuze ngesisombululo ityala ngokubaluleka zesizwe. Imbonakalo elo ziko yaba sisiphumo ekupheleni yokumanya kumazwe Russian zibe bengatshatanga, esomeleza abasemagunyeni bendawo yeengcungcu. Ngokutsho ukwakhiwa amaqela enqila Russian Zemsky Sobor wayesondele ukumelwa iklasi West yaseYurophu-, kodwa yahlukile kubo phambi kuphela umsebenzi thethwano. European Zemsky Sobor unelungelo yokwenziwa kwemithetho. ERashiya, isigqibo iziko lemfundo ukuba angene ukusebenza kuphela emva kokuba imvume yabo ukumkani kunye Boyar Duma.

Kokubizwa wokuqala Zemsky Sobor eRashiya iye ezabhalwa ekuqaleni nguqulelo lwe Ivan IV labangcangcazelisi. Luquka eliphezulu abefundisi, izidwangube, abathetheli yunithi, abemi zizityebi, amalungu ngabafo kumaphondo ahlukeneyo yelizwe. Zemsky Sobor ngokuqhelekileyo bezibandakanya amagumbi amabini. Omnye wabo, liqulethe oku izinduna, noonondyebo, umngcamli, omnye - nabanumzana, amaqhawe abantwana abathetheli. Nganye umhlalaphantsi nokukhweba Zemsky Sobor yathatha, njengoko umthetho, akukho ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini. Izihlandlo ezithathu kwabonakala ukumkani, emva koko izimvo zabo ngomba usingethwe akwazi ukwenza izinduna, kwisiphelo, ukubamba intlanganiso Boyar Duma. Zonke iintlanganiso ezigcinwe ngokungqongqo yi ezintlwini, izigqibo baba ukuze linye.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubomi kwezopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko eli lizwe ukuba abize yokuqala Zemsky Sobor ngoFebruwari 1549, elavakaliswa inguqu karhulumente IsiRashiya ukuya ukumkani kwilifa-ummeli. Ukususela ngelo xesha, zithandwa kakhulu indima elawula lizwe. Ngexesha ebiziweyo waseka iseti entsha imithetho isigqibo malunga nokusekwa Nceda endlini. Ukususela ngoku, bonke abantu isicelo kunye yeenlilo (incwadi yeenlilo) egameni lokumkani kwaye phantse ngokukhawuleza ukufumana impendulo. Ngokufanayo lwezikhalazo indlu ukulawula izinto ezenziwa ngabanye-arhente zikarhulumente.

Lokuqala Zemsky Sobor wabiza eRashiya, ebizwa ngokuba "Cathedral xo", acha- kwintlanganiso yebhunga yecawa, ngubani ingqalelo kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elinesithandathu abangcwele Orthodox kunye ukuseka umbhiyozo ecaweni ogama emva kwabo kweeholide.

Kokubizwa wokuqala Zemsky Sobor, nabo bonke belandela, wayenza idiploma okhethekileyo, achaze izizathu yokubiza kunye nenani labameli akhethwe. abantu basombulula kakhulu rhoqo, ukuba abantu abaninzi kufuneka bahlale kwi Zemsky Sobor. Nabameli zikhethwe kunyulo ezazibanjwe kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo kweli lizwe ngohlobo ibandla. Kolu lonyulo bangathatha inxaxheba abantu abakhonza kunye ukuhlawula irhafu kaNondyebo kaRhulumente. abameli abakhethiweyo abangafumananga umvuzo ngendima yakhe kokubizwa a Zemsky Sobor. Ngaphezu koko, kwafuneka ukuba ukuzondla yonke into oyifunayo, njengokuya kwiintlanganiso.

Zonke iintlanganiso Zemsky Sobor zenzeka, njengoko umthetho, emkhosini esindilisekileyo yesicelo. Imbeko yabo amalungiselelo inkonzo Kwingcingane Cathedral. Iyonke kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini ubukho beli ziko, kwaba entlanganisweni 57 Zemsky Sobor.