Kakhovka HPP: ulwazi ngokubanzi, imbali kunye imeko yangoku into

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amandla ngamanzi kusekho ilikhonkco sele kwicandelo amandla kumazwe amaninzi. Kakade ke, lo ngokuyinxenye bayacalulwa kwizikhululo zabo zamandla zenyukliya, kodwa esisiseko isekhona HPP. E Ukraine, iindlela ezinjalo kunika abantu kunye nombane zezona common kakhulu. Kwaye malunga enye izityalo Ukrainian iza kuxoxwa.

ingcaciso jikelele ngale mveliso

Kakhovka HPP phakathi ezilishumi ezinkulu ziko Ukrainian aphehla ise kumazantsi eli lizwe, kummandla Kherson. Isityalo amandla yakhiwa kwi Dnieper River, yaye yenye amasebe yenkampani isitokhwe joint evulekileyo "Ukrhydroenergo".

Kakhovka complex kagesi, ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Aggregate kakhulu Hall ngamandla ngamanzi;
• ukwakhiwa semibhobho yamanzi;
• esangweni imikhumbi (single-gumbi);
• edamini somdongwe,
• ufakelo wombane ulwamkelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane;
• zokunqumla iimoto kunye noololiwe (izibonelelo zezothutho).

Isikhululo samandla (ewonke) imalunga 351 MW. Ukuveliswa avareji yonyaka uza 1,489 billion kW / h.

Kakhovka HPP zinikwe izixhobo eKharkov kunye Zaporozhye isityalo. Phakathi iiyunithi ezi mveliso turbines Kaplan, ezivelisa yolunye kunye nakumaziko aguqula amandla. Ngenxa umgangatho ophezulu bezixhobo efakiweyo, Kakhovka HPP ukusebenza ngempumelelo unanamhla.

isakhiwo ngamanzi, zakhiwe kujikelezo ophehlwa wambumba ngokuhamba kwexesha ichibi. It ukhona kwaye isebenza kule mini. Ngapha koko, le ndawo umthombo wamanzi kuyo emazantsi Ukraine. Oko kukuthi, amashishini, imizi-mveliso, kwakunye neendawo zokuhlala mveliso zixhomekeke ngqo kwi Kakhovka ichibi.

Kakhovka HPP ngo-2001 yaba nabasebenzi abakwisithuba sama-173. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le datha kudala atshintshiwe, kodwa ingcaciso efanelekileyo alifumanekanga kwi kwicandelo likarhulumente. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi turnover izinto abasebenzi eliphezulu uyabonakala.

Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yamandla

Imbali kwi Kakhovka HPS imvelaphi yayo kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe. Esi sibonelelo yenye yeeprojekthi iiprojekthi zokwakha enkulu of Communism. Ukongeza, loo nto iye yakhokelela ekubeni imbonakalo yomfanekiso umbane izityalo kwi izitampu zokuposa ye-USSR.

Ulwakhiwo Kakhovka HPS yasungulwa ngo-1950. Abaphathiswa eSoviet Union wangena kule projekthi inani elifunekayo ukwakha ngenxa imfuneko ukuqinisekisa isixa endilisekileyo kwezithili amandla. Oku kungenxa yokwakheka ilali ngamanzi Nova Kakhovka wadalwa: apho kwakuhlala abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo.

Ngelo xesha zolwakhiwo into malunga 12 amawaka abantu abaye baqeshwa. Ukongeza, kukho uluhlu umxhelo yobuchwepheshe, ukususela iimoto zikaloliwe kunye dredgers, baba nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni.

Ngo-1956, ulwakhiwo yagqitywa. Owaziswa iyunithi yokugqibela sele yenziwe ndawo. Oko kukuthi iminyaka emithandathu, ugesi, wakwazi ukukhangela ngaphandle kwaye ufake inani sezitishana ukuba zondla uninzi mimandla kokubangqongileyo. Isiphumo sikhulu.

Imeko ekhoyo HPP

Ngowe-1996, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu nokubuyiselwa kunye ukuvuselelwa ngamanzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izalathisi ukuveliswa kombane, kwakunye nobomi inkonzo yesixa landa kakhulu kwaye kuvumela ukuba uqhubeke. Ukuba akukho ingozi encinane Kakhovka HPS xa imigxobhozo izikhukhula ngenxa amanzi ukufukuka, ngoko oku isityalo ngamanzi ayeza kuba ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo.

Kamva, ngowe-2006, oko wabuyiselwa endleleni kwi kummandla Kakhovka HPS. Ukongeza, zazakhiwe ukusetyenziswa zokuhlala. Kuphela oko aluchaphazeli ekuphuculweni iindawo ezikhoyo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukusebenza ngqo le nto. Ukuba kwenzeka ukuba ndimaphule Kakhovka HPP, imiphumo iya kuba buhlungu gqitha.

Ngo-2010, i-lweshishini sele iphumelele indawo yokuqala rating "abanesazela berhafu-2010". Kwaye phakathi 800 izityalo ezinjalo, izityalo umbane kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Koko, phakathi iikhrayitheriya kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukunyaniseka werhafu kunye nokuzimisela lolawulo kunye nabasebenzi inxaxheba kwiziganeko yesisa ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi.

Ekuphetheni

Kakhovka HPS - i yamanzi enamandla kwaye kunokuba yimpumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umsebenzi eqhelekileyo kwesibonelelo kwixesha elizayo kufanele sityale imali ayikho nokulungiswa kunye nokwakhiwa izakhiwo ezingaphandle ezongezelelweyo, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwezinye izixhobo kunye nokubuyiselwa lokubolekwa amakhulu. Ke HPP uya kuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu, ngaphandle iingozi kunye breakdowns lisibekele.