Judaism - wamaJuda na ... Yintoni yahluke kwezinye iicawa na? Umongo lobuYuda

Judaism - yenye zonqulo ezindala ehlabathini. Kuye kwasekwa i-BC I ngenkulungwane kwelakwaYuda yamandulo. Imbali iinkolelo inxulumene ngqo kwabantu bamaYuda kunye nembali lwalo, kwakunye nophuhliso ngobume besizwe kunye nobomi abameli zayo Kuhlala Kwezinye Iindawo.

intliziyo

Abo Ndiyaxela ukholo, ebiza njengamaYuda. Abanye abalandeli athi unqulo lwabo yavela ngemihla ka-Adam noEva ePalestina. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ubuYuda - liqela elincinane ukholo esekelezwe mbuya. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho uAbraham othe wenza isivumelwano kunye noThixo, ukuba indawo esisiseko unqulo. Ngokuhambelana nale xwebhu, nto leyo eyaziwa kuthi njengoko imiyalelo, abantu sanyanzeleka ukuba balandele imigaqo ubomi abangcwele. Endaweni yoko, ukhuselo uzilungiselele gd.

Eyona engundoqo imithombo Studies yamaJuda - iTestamente Endala kunye eBhayibhileni iphela. Inkolo uyavuma iintlobo ezintathu kuphela iincwadi: abaprofeti, i zembali kunye iTorah - le ncwadi, ekutolikeni lo mthetho. A engcwele ngakumbi ITalmud, ezibandakanya iincwadi ezimbini: i Mishna kunye Gemara. Yena, ngengozi, ulawula zonke iinkalo zobomi, kuquka ukuziphatha, ukuziphatha kwakunye nomthetho: umthetho lwembambano nolwaphulomthetho. Ukufunda iTalmud - mission engcwele kwaye ebalulekileyo, alwa amaYuda kuphela abavumelekileyo.

umahluko

Eyona nkalo iphambili lonqulo kukuba uThixo lobuYuda akanayo imilo. Kwezinye iinkolo zamandulo kwimpuma uSomandla kuye kuboniswe okanye ngohlobo lomntu okanye ngokufana nerhamncwa. Abantu baye bazama ukuqoqosha mba zendalo yokomoya, ukuba uzenze liqondakale abafayo. Ke amaYuda, ukufunda iBhayibhile, esithi zithixo, njengoko incwadi engundoqo amaYuda ekugweba ngamandla servility phambi ii icon, imifanekiso okanye imifanekiso.

Ke ukuba ubuKristu, ngoko kukho umahluko ezimbini eziphambili. Okokuqala, uThixo ubuYuda wayengenanyana. Kristu, bakholwa, indoda leyo ofayo zesiqhelo, umvakalisi yokuziphatha kunye namagama abangcwele, umprofeti lokugqibela. Okwesibini, ukuba unqulo amaYuda sikazwelonke. Ukuba ungummi weli lizwe iba ngokuzenzekelayo umYuda, kuba akukho ilungelo lokwamkela koko enye inkolo. inkolo National ngexesha lethu - amazwi. Kuphela kumaxesha amandulo, le meko yachuma. Namhlanje, oku iziqu ngamaYuda kuphela, lo gama kugcinwe iinkcukacha kunye nomntu abantu.

abaprofethi

IsebuYudeni, ukuba ngumntu ethwele ubunzima ngokokuthanda kukaThixo. Ngoncedo imithetho uSomandla lifundisa abantu: abantu ukuphucula, ukuphucula ubomi babo kunye elizayo, ukuphuhlisa engqondweni nangokomoya. Ngubani abe ngumprofeti, uThixo ugqiba elilelakhe - ubuJuda uthi. Inkolo akayi kulawula ukuba ukhetho unokuwela phezu ekufeni, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo engathandi ukuba emagxeni abo lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Yena unika umzekelo kaYona, ngubani wazama ukubaleka esesiphelweni ehlabathini imisebenzi yakhe engcwele.

Ngaphandle yokuziphatha kunye nabaprofeti nomoya nazo clairvoyant. Bona kwangaphambili ikamva, wanikela icebiso axabisekileyo egameni ePhakamileyo, zanyangwa izifo ezahlukeneyo, yaye wathabatha inxaxheba kubomi kwezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Ngokomzekelo, abazalwana babo, ukuba umcebisi lobuqu kaYarobheham, umseki ubukumkani bakwaSirayeli, uElisha - negalelo ukuba baguqukile ubukhosi, Daniyeli - urhulumente okhokelwa yedwa. Iimfundiso abaprofeti ngaphambili ziqukiwe kule ncwadi neTanakh kamva - kukhutshwa iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Umdla, kodwa abashumayeli, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iinkonzo yamandulo bakholelwa kokufika "Golden Age", xa zonke iintlanga ziya kuhlala ngoxolo kunye nempumelelo.

Le imisinga ebuJudeni

Ebudeni eminyaka ikhona, unqulo unenzondelelo utshintshwano ezininzi nokulungalungiswa. Ngenxa yoko, abameli balo ziye zohlulwa nkampu zimbini: amaYuda Orthodox kunye reformists. Okokuqala Holy ukubambelela kwizithethe wooyise, musa nokwazisa ezintsha iinkolelo zakhe izinqumo. Okwesibini, phezu koko, wamkela iintsingiselo zobunene. Reformists ingqalelo imitshato phakathi amaYuda kunye nabameli bezinye iicawa, ninaluthando lunye-ngesondo kunye nomsebenzi yabafazi njenge urabhi. AmaYuda Orthodox bahlala ubukhulu becala inxalenye enkulu wakwaSirayeli namhlanje. Le reformists - kwi US naseYurophu.

Ukuzama ukuba ndiyilahle phakathi kweenkampu ezimbini alwayo waba Conservative kubuYuda. Inkolo, nto leyo yakhokelela yimisinga ezimbini, wafumana indawo ephakathi kule Yindibanisela ezintsha kunye namasiko. Babebambelele ziye kuphela intshayelelo umculo omzimba kunye neentshumayelo kwi ulwimi lizwe ekhaya. Endaweni yoko, le izithethe ezibalulekileyo njengoko abolwaluko, iSabatha kunye nokutya okuziinkozo uRute, abazange angamchukumisi. Naphi practice kubuYuda eRashiya, eUnited States okanye amagunya yaseYurophu, onke amaYuda baphonononge ukwehla ecacileyo, ukuthobela kubadala izikhundla zokomoya.

imiyalo

Baya kuba amaYuda - abangcwele. Abameli abantu bakholelwa ukuba xa iintshutshiso ezininzi kunye nokuthotywa uhlanga wasinda waza igcinwe ungubani kuphela ngokuthi kuhlonitshwe ezi izimiso kunye nemithetho. Ngoko ke, kule mihla aninako ukuya kulwa nawo, kwanokuba busemngciphekweni umphefumlo wayo. Loo nto inika umdla, kodwa lo mgaqo "Wangasebenzi umthetho lizwe - umthetho" yaqalwa emva kwi BC ngenkulungwane III. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imigaqo karhulumente inyanzelekile kubo bonke abemi ngaphandle kokukhetha. AmaYuda kufuneka babe abanyanisekileyo ukuba kwizikhundla eziphezulu amandla, bavunyelwe ukuba baveze ukunganeliseki kuphela kubomi zonqulo kunye nentsapho.

Ukuthobela kwiMithetho Elishumi efunyenwe uMoses, entabeni yaseSinayi - undoqo lobuYuda. Ke omkhulu phakathi kwabo - ngokugcinwa yomthendeleko Shabbat ( "Shabbat"). Olu suku ekhethekileyo, oko ngokuyimfuneko elinokufunyanwa malinikelwe kuphumla kunye nomthandazo. NgeMigqibelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi kunye uhambo, nokuba ukupheka ukutya akuvumelekanga. Yaye abantu abazange abalambileyo, baza bayalelwa ukuba benze kuqala kunye nezifundo yesibini ngobusuku ngoLwesihlanu - kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kwangaphambili.

Ihlabathi nomntu

Judaism - unqulo olusekelwe ilivo kwendalo kwehlabathi kaThixo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ilizwe azidalileyo phezu kwamanzi, ukuchitha lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo iintsuku ezintandathu. Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kuwo - indalo kaThixo. Ke umntu, umphefumlo wakhe usoloko ekhona imigaqo ezimbini: okulungileyo nokubi, nto leyo ke ngxabano rhoqo. idemon Dark okusenza ukuba basemhlabeni weziyolo, ukukhanya - ukuba benze izinto ezilungileyo kunye nophuhliso ngokomoya. Umlo waqala ukubonisa ngokohlobo ukuziphatha ngamnye.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, abalandeli zobuYuda anikholwa kuphela ekuqaleni ubukho kwehlabathi, kodwa ukuphela kwayo uhlobo - i "era yegolide". Umsunguli iya kuba nguKumkani uMesiya, nguye kukaMesiya, uMesiya oya kulawula abantu de kube sekupheleni kwexesha, Umngenise nempumelelo kunye nenkululeko. Kuzo zonke sizukulwana kukho umceli-mngeni elinokwenzeka, kodwa kuphela umzukulwana lokwenyaniso kaDavide, iye inyusa ukugcina imithetho, intliziyo ehlambulukileyo umphefumlo, umiselwe ukuba abe uMesiya yinxalenye.

Marriage and Family

Ke kubaluleke kakhulu iqhotyoshelwe apha. Umntu kufuneka abe usapho, ukungabikho wayo ingqalelo ukunyelisa, yaye isono. LobuYuda - inkolelo ngamampunge apho isohlwayo imanyumnyezi ofayo. Umntu unako imale umfazi wayo ukuba emva kweminyaka eli-10 sitshatile, yena wazala umntwana wakhe wokuqala. ilifa lonqulo igcinwe entsatsheni, nakumaxesha loshushiso loluntu yamaYuda, iseli ngalinye kufuneka bagcine amasiko nezithethe zabantu balo.

Umyeni kufuneka anike umfazi wakhe yonke into oyifunayo: indawo yokuhlala, ukutya, impahla yokunxiba. umsebenzi wayo - ukuyithenga kwimeko ekuthinjweni, ukungangcwatywa ngokubekekileyo, unonophelo ngexesha ukugula, anike yokuziphilisa, umfazi ukuba uhlala mhlolokazi. Kwakunjalo wabantwana kunye; abazange babe isidingo nto. Oonyana - ukuya yobudala emntaneni, intombi yakhe - de amale. Endaweni yoko, le ndoda, njengentloko ntsapho unelungelo ingeniso isiqingatha sayo sesibini, impahla kunye nemilinganiselo yayo. Uyakwazi ilifa imeko umfazi wayo aze asebenzise ngayo iziphumo zomsebenzi ukulungiselela iinjongo zabo. Emva kokufa kwakhe, nomhlolokazi unyanzelekile ukuba imngene ungumzalwana omkhulu indoda yakhe, kodwa kuphela ukuba umtshato engenabantwana.

abantwana

Uyise kwakhona unezinto ezininzi uxanduva iindlalifa. Yena uNyana ukuba bachitha ubuqili ukholo olungayo eshumayela incwadi engcwele. Judaism isekelwe phezu umthetho, kwaye uhlolisisa umntwana phantsi kweliso umzali. Inkwenkwe kwakhona ngoncedo iinkosi wobugcisa esikhethiweyo, intombazana - ukufumana isipho esilungileyo. Abazali amaYuda abaselula kakhulu wayehlonelwa, ukwenza imiyalelo babo bangaze perechat kubo.

Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 5 akhuliswe zonqulo abantwana abakule unina. Ifundisa kids imithandazo ezisisiseko kunye nemithetho. Emva kokuba kuthunyelwa esikolweni yesikhungu, apho bafunda bonke ubulumko yeBhayibhile. Uqeqesho lwenzeka emva kweeyure zesikolo okanye kusasa ngeCawe. Uninzi ekuthiwa zonqulo zabubamba eneminyaka eli-13 emakhwenkweni, amantombazana - 12. Ngesi sihlandlo, amalungiselelo imibhiyozo usapho ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo bafuzisela emnyango lo mntu mdala. Ukususela ngoko ke izidalwa abaselula kufuneka rhoqo ukuya kwindlu yesikhungu kwaye baphile ubomi kuThixo, kwaye zisaqhubeka ngakumbi olunzulu ukufunda iTorah.

Leeholide main Jewish

The main - iPasika, amaYuda bebhiyozela emthonjeni. Imbali imvelaphi yayo ngokusondeleyo enxulumene nexesha leMfuduko eYiputa. Ukukhunjulwa ezo ziganeko amaYuda badla isonka esenziwe ngamanzi kunye nomgubo - matzo. Ngexesha Ukutshutshiswa abantu abanalo ixesha ukupheka amaqebengwana ngokupheleleyo, umxholo kangangokuba nogxa babo ezinqinileyo. Kwakhona phezu kwetafile ukuba inemithana ekrakra - luphawu kubukhoboka baseYiputa.

Ngexesha IEksodus kwakhona Baqala ke ukuba nemihlali Year New - Rosh Shana. Lo mthendeleko Septemba ukuba Yazisa ubukumkani bukaThixo. Ngaloo mini uYehova uya kugweba uluntu kwaye kubeka isiseko iziganeko eziya kwenzeka kubantu kunyaka ozayo. Sukkot - yenye umhla ebalulekileyo ekwindla. Ngexesha umthendeleko wamaYuda, Ndiyabulela kuThixo, iintsuku ezisixhenxe abahlala kwizakhiwo yethutyana Sukkah ezigqunywe emasebeni.

YiHanukkah - naye isiganeko enkulu kubuYuda. Celebration - uphawu uloyiso okulungileyo ngenxa yobubi, ukukhanya - phezu nobumnyama. Kuvela nje inkumbulo ebalulekileyo ezisibhozo owenzeka ngexesha ukuvukela urhulumente isiGrike waseSiriya. Ukongeza kwezi nobu ezinkulu amaYuda kwakhona ukubhiyozela Tu-Bishvat, Yom Kippur, Shavuot, kunye nabanye.

Uthintelo ukudla

EbuYudeni, ubuKristu, Islam, kubuBhuda, ubuConfucius - inkolo nganye uneempawu zawo, ezinye zazo yandisa ukupheka. Ngoko ke, amaYuda akakwazi kutya "eyinqambi": inyama kweehagu, namahashe, neenkamela, neentaka. Kwakhona Baye zavalwa iimbatyisi, Shrimp kunye nezinye abemi zaselwandle. ukutya Efanelekileyo ebuJudeni kuthiwa zaseKosher.

I wonder inkolo uyakwalela into nje ezinye iimveliso, kodwa zidityaniswe zombini. Umzekelo, owalela - zobisi kunye nenyama izitya. Silawule ndibambelela zonke zokutyela, nemivalo, cafes kunye canteens kwaSirayeli. Ukuze ezi izitya babe kude kude enye kwenye, banikela kula maziko ngapha kwee window ezahlukeneyo kwaye zilungiswe ngendlela isitya.

AmaYuda amaninzi makahloniphe ukutya zaseKosher , hayi nje kuba ngokuqhelekileyo sicaciswa gca umthetho; kodwa ukuba ukuphuculwa imizimba yazo. Ngapha koko, eli cebo amandla luvunywe zokudla ezininzi. kodwa ke kunokuthiwa ukuba ukuba yehagu ayikho kuluncedo kakhulu, ngoko yintoni kukhubeka kwaselwandle - ayaziwa.

nezinye iimpawu

Culture zobuJuda osisityebi izithethe ezingaqhelekanga, engavakaliyo abantu bezinye iicawa. Umzekelo, libhekisela kulwaluko. Isiko iye yabanjwa ngomhla wesibhozo nomphefumlo wakhe nje usana. Ukuba abadala ngokupheleleyo, yena nayo iyafuneka yokutyala iindevu kunye intshebe, ngathi umYuda lokwenyaniso. ngeengubo ezinde, bagqubuthele intloko yakhe - omnye imithetho ekungathethwayo ngakumbi bamaYuda. Kwaye cap singesuki, nkqu ngexesha bubuthongo.

Ikholwa unyanzelekile ukuba utshekishe bonke iiholide zonqulo. Kufuneka elingaphazamisaniyo okanye zihlekisa oogxa babo. Abantwana esikolweni ukufunda izisekelo yenkolo yabo: imigaqo yalo, izithethe kunye nembali. Le yenye umahluko ophambili phakathi yamaJuda nezinye iinkolo. Sinokuthi uthando amatakane unqulo kwanya ubisi lukanina, bezinikele kuye lidlule ngokoqobo kwi zofuzo. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto abantu asinda kuphela xa intshabalalo kwakhe ubunzima, kodwa ikwazile ukuba abe luhlanga epheleleyo, ezamahala ezizimeleyo ukuba baphile nempumelelo ezweni labo otyebileyo.