Bar Mitzvah - yintoni na le nto? ngamasiko amaJuda

Bar Mitzvah - yenye leholide enkulu yamaYuda, wayesoloko obuqhajelweyo yimincili nolangazelelo yovuyo. Ngokoqobo evela ngesiHebhere lithetha "Unyana lo mthetho." It is a uninzi yamaYuda.

Yintoni na?

Bar Mitzvah - usuku apho abantu, ngokomthetho yamaYuda, ibe omdala, ke ngoko, nako ukuphendula ngokuzimeleyo ngenxa yezenzo zabo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amakhwenkwe eli phakade - engama-13, xa amantombazana - 12. loHlaziyo okanye endala zesikhungu ezininzi, amantombazana ukubhiyozela isininzi yamaYuda kunye nabafana kunye.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ke uxanduva ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo izithethe komntwana kunye nemithetho zobuYuda ngabazali. Kodwa omdala umntu ufumana kufuneka asebenzele yayo kunye namalungelo: ilungelo lokuba afundise umthetho ukuzalisekisa iziyalezo zayo, kwakunye banelungelo lokutshata. Nangona unyaka omtsha abadala ubomi bomntu iqala nje kuphela koku.

Bar Mitzvah - ngokwemini yomthendeleko kakhulu, ebalulekileyo kakhulu mnandi. Kweli nqanaba, wamema usapho kunye nabahlobo. iimpahla Acquired kahle, umntwana yalungiselela mbhiyozo grand, kangangokuba lwemini yokuzalwa kwenkwenkwe banoluvo nevuso evuya. Ngelo uninzi xesha okhankanywe kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele ithintelwa isimanga engaqhelekanga.

Customs and nemithetho

izithethe zamaYuda lubonisa ukuba xa umntwana efika ubudala, uqala ukuba noxanduva ngokupheleleyo ngezenzo zabo. Kodwa loo nto bonke. Uba mitzvah bar (amakhwenkwe) okanye bat mitzvah (amantombazana). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakhona, uxanduva ngokupheleleyo ngendlela umntwana ebona izithethe kunye nemithetho zobuYuda ngabazali bakhe. Xa abantwana bafike ubudala, ukuba athathe uxanduva ukugcinwa isiko, inentsulungeko kwaye neminye imithetho zobuYuda. Ukongeza, ukuba nelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kuzo zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi yoluntu yamaYuda.

ngamasiko amaJuda

Ukuphumeza ixesha Bar Mitzvah kakhulu kungenxa yokuba lo mfana ubizwa ngokuba ukufunda Haftarah sicatshulwa of a encinane kunye / okanye umthetho ngexesha Shabbat, ngaphandle kwezinye iinkonzo. Ukongeza, inokukuzisela ekufundeni umthetho, ukuba baxoxe izahluko ngeveki. Ngelo xesha ukuba le nkonzo kufuneka benze inkwenkwe, kuyahlukana nedlela kwicala lonqulo, kodwa kuxhomekeke izithethe a oluntu athile. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo mbhiyozo, amadoda emva kweminyaka eli-13 yokuba uxanduva ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukuthobela yonke imithetho zobuYuda (intombazana - emva 12).

inani Main ngabameli lobuYuda Orthodox ukwala ngokupheleleyo ingcamango yokuba amabhinqa enza yonqulo ukufunda umthetho yazo. Kodwa kumbhiyozo kawonke-wonke umntwana a bat-mitzvah ezinye iindlela kakhulu singene haredim, kwakunye kwiindawo zobuYuda Orthodox. Kwezi ndawo, abasetyhini banakho, umzekelo, ukufunda intetho encinane kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo yamaYuda, funda isahluko Tanach, funda eminye imithandazo evela yemithandazo, okanye iingceba ezinye izicatshulwa.

Kwimithwalo namalungelo

Ukususela ngoko, njengomYuda ufikelela kubudala bat mitzvah, ngokomthetho wamaJuda nguye onoxanduva nje umntu omdala, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla. Ezifuniweyo imisebenzi kunye namalungelo ziquka:

• ilungelo lokuba nenxaxheba minyan kwaye ukubizwa ukuba ukufunda Torah;
• uxanduva yokuziphatha ngenxa yezenzo zabo;
• ilungelo ilifa nayiphi na ipropati;
• isinyanzelo ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo nayo yonke imithetho 613 iTorah;
• banelungelo lokutshata.

indaba

Xa amaxesha ITalmud, iMishnah indlela neTanakh mihla yokubhiyoza uninzi yamaYuda ayizange kodwa ayikho. Xa iincwadi yeEksodus kunye Amanani yobudala emntaneni, kwavumela emkhosini yiminyaka engama-20. IMishnah ithi iminyaka eli-13 njengoko yobudala apho inkwenkwe kufuneka ahloniphe imithetho umthetho. Ngoko, kunye kweminyaka emi-5 amakhwenkwe ukufunda umthetho, ne-10 - iMishnah, kunye iminyaka eli-13 ukwenza yonke imithetho ngokupheleleyo.

Bar Mitzvah - ibinzana wabonakala kuqala kwi iTalmud (kwinkulungwane yesihlanu). Wema ukuba inkwenkwe apho bonke aba imithetho esebenzayo iTorah. Kulo mzekelo, i ITalmud ithi isifungo lomntu emva kokubulawa engama-13 bafumana amandla osemthethweni ngokupheleleyo kwaye oko kungenxa yokuba balo "umntu" yokwenene, njengoko kufunwa yi Amanani. Ngengqiqo mihla elithi "ibha mitzvah" akafumaneki kwinkulungwane XIV. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iinkcazelo amadala "gadol" yaye "bar-onshin" (kukwazi ukuba ohlwaywe iziphoso zabo).

Le bar mitzvah yesibini

Phakathi amaJuda yenkolo, kukho kwakhona eli siko ukubhiyozela mitzvah bar yesibini, kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba kweminyaka 83 ubudala. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kule logic kukuba "ilula' nobomi lomntu obumalunga-70 eminyaka, ngoko, unyaka-83 ubudala kungathathwa nje unyaka-13 ubudala, kuphela" ixesha elongezelelweyo ". Le nkqubo iya isiba ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi.

izipho

Baby, agubhe ibha mitzvah, ngokuqhelekileyo ukunika izipho. izipho Classic iincwadi kunye ixabiso lemfundo okanye ezenkolo kunye neentsiba ongunaphakade, izinto ngezinto izinto zonqulo, iibhondi okonga imali (ukuze usebenzise ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo), kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo iziqinisekiso isipho. Namhlanje, yaye kuya kusanda ngokwanda asisininzi ukunika imali.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, njengokuba uthando, apha kuba eqhelekileyo ukuba anike imali ukuba amaxesha elinesibhozo. is he taken ngexesha elifanayo ukuba mitzvah bar izipho eyimali owenziwe buqu mitzvah yakhe yokuqala (donation), nto leyo ibhekiswe sa. Inkwenkwe kubazali bakhe iholide tallit kuqala.

Amatyala, nemiyalelo

Xa inkwenkwe yamaYuda yaba omdala, ufanele aziphathe indoda okanye imbaleki woyisayo utyekelo yakhe embi, ngoxa rhoqo Iyandonwabisa okulungileyo. Utitshala kunye noyise kufuneka kunceda umntwana iqala ngale ndlela. Bafuna uncedo ukuze baqonde baze baqonde izinto ezintsha lalivela kulo ngoku, yaye yintoni uxanduva lwakhe kunye umzuzu ngoku.

New - ukwenziwa oonyana yenkwenkwe umthwalo yonke imithetho wOyena Uphakamileyo, kwaye nakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukubhukuqa naye ngonaphakade ngokunokwayo. Nangona umsebenzi wakhe - esoyika ukuvuselela isiqalo embi, oko rhoqo zokuzimela, balumkeleni ikhomishini betyala kunokwenzeka. Umele uyakukholwa ngentliziyo yam yonke into uMdali wamnika amandla ngokwaneleyo kulo.

Amasiko kunye nemithetho kosuku zehlobo

Abantwana imithetho umthetho akanyanzelekanga ukuba enze. Le nkwenkwe, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, iqala yokwenza kwiminyaka ezilishumi elinantathu, intombazana yamaYuda - kunye 12. Xa befikelela eli phakade, kucingwa ukuba eze kubo nalo, kunye neminye imiqondiso uqolile.

Ukuba umntwana lowo 1st ngenyanga enguNisan, bar mitzvah, uba ngomhla woku-1 kwinyanga ka uNisan kunyaka 14 ebomini.

Ukuba umntwana wazalelwa yinyanga enguAdare ke ngumnyaka omnqakathi, unyaka we-13 yobomi bakhe kwaba ngumnyaka omnqakathi (kwakukho iinyanga ezimbini enguAdare ke leyo), umntwana uba yokuzalwa bar mitzvah kwi 2nd enguAdare ke leyo.

Ukuba umntwana kunyaka sitsibe e Adar, yaye kunyaka-13 yobomi bakhe nayo uvale, ngoko, ukuba wazalwa ngo-1 uAdare, bar mitzvah, uba nayo 1st ka enguAdare; Kodwa ukuba loo nkwenkwe wazalwa ngomhla we-2 ka-Adar, nayo enguAdare yesibini uba Bar Mitzvah. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ngonyaka we-13 yobomi bakhe zesiqhelo, loo nto ayenzi mahluko, weza ehlabathini kwi-1 okanye 2 elinambini uAdare - ngokukhawuleza ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe e Adare, iba ngokuzenzekelayo mitzvah bar.