Jikelele Tsarist Dukhonin: engobomi, ukufa, kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil red ezahlukeneyo kuthiwa isigwebo sentambo extrajudicial, ebonisa ukudubula. Ezisemthethweni isigwebo sokufa elizongomayo "Tola!". Kodwa kukho ezinye bamkela amabinzana ezifana ngokufihlakeleyo "Thumela le elizayo." Ekuqaleni kowe-1917, kwakukho ibinzana elithi "Thumela kwikomkhulu Jikelele Dukhonin". Makhe sibone ukuba ngubani yeyona jikelele, ikomkhulu apho iiBolsheviks wathumela amaxhoba awo.

abonakale zembali

Xa nengxokozelo jikelele Russian kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini Dukhonin badlala indima engaqhelekanga kakhulu. NgoNovemba 1917, Dukhonin wamisa Ephakamileyo ndingumthetheli womkhosi Russian. Urhulumente yethutyana, awawabeka naye sithuba, ngomzuzu zithathiwe. norhulumente wabo omtsha efumaneka yamaBolshevik wayefuna ukunyanzelisa kwingcamango jikelele yokwenza uxolo eJarimani kakhulu engxakini, kunye neemeko ukuthula lihlazo eRashiya. Oku ayikwazanga imali Jikelele Dukhonin, ogama engobomi ubonisa nephuku lokulwa.

Imisebenzi Dukhonin ekwindla ka 1917 ngo Izinga Mogilev elivunywe mbali anti-ngabantu kunye omusha. Jikelele icala lokungathobeli izigqibo ngurhulumente yamaBolshevik, ukuba ngokubanzi, kwakunye umkhosi, Ongafungiyo.

Into yokuba ngokwenza ezi izisombululo, Jikelele Dukhonin ngokoqobo kutshabalalisa ngaphambili, akukho namnye wacinga. Jikelele wafumana ngokwakhe yedwa phambi 'umkhosi izama lezopolitiko "ezizimisele ukuxhaphaza ekuweni korhulumente, ekujongwe ukuba atshabalalise imikhosi umkhosi, ndihlise ilizwe Isiphithiphithi Bolshevism. Amathuba jikelele sasihlupheka, kodwa benza konke okusemandleni ukuze oko ekugqibeleni wabulawa. imisebenzi nemizabalazo nokufa kabuhlungu Jikelele Dukhonin ukunika ilungelo ukumbiza ngokuthanda oyinyaniso yaseRashiya.

Childhood and Education

UNikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin wazalelwa kwiphondo ESmolensk, Disemba 13 (Disemba 1, isimbo endala) ngo-1876, kwintsapho iingangamsha. Ngowe-1894 wagqibezela izifundo zakhe Vladimir sikolo kwisixeko Kiev, waya eMoscow ukuya kufunda esikolweni Aleksandrovskoe wesithathu. Emva kokugqiba kwikholeji ngo-1896, Dukhonin ababhalise kwelinye iziko zomkhosi zemfundo - Jikelele Staff Academy. Ngowe-1902, yena bagqiba uqeqesho kwi-Academy, wamkela elikwinqanaba Guard umthetheli yaye ngoko nangoko Kongezelelwa Staff Jikelele.

umsebenzi Military Dukhonin phambili ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kwawona umphathi inkampani zemfundo kunye nomkhosi, ngoNovemba 1904 waba ukuhlangula ngokuthi abaphezulu yaBasebenzi elihamba Division. Ngowe-1906, Nicholas wafumana Order degree sesithathu St. Stanislaus ne St. Anne, waza wamiselwa ukuhlangula ngokuthi senior zonke Kiev yesithili emkhosini. Ekufikeni e Kiev, Dukhonin watshata Natale Verner - intombazana entle afunda ngubani intombi udumo Kiev.

umsebenzi Early

Ekwindla ka-1908 Nicholas waqalisa ukufundisa izifundo zenzululwazi emininzi Kiev Military School. Ngowe-1911 waba wawongwa elifomatiweyo sikhulu kwangaphambili. Ekwindla ka-1912 Dukhonin wabuyela kwikomkhulu, apho waba umncedisi obhinqileyo esiphezulu.

UNikolai Nikolayevich, ukususela kwixesha yoqeqesho wakhe wamajoni, abe nolwalamano oluhle Jikelele Alexeyev - intloko ikomkhulu wesithili. Intsebenziswano kunye nokudibana kunye Alekseev eseleyo memory of UNikolai Nikolaevich uphawu negalelo. Alekseev, ethetha Dukhonin, waphawula nenqanaba eliphezulu lobungcali emsebenzini kwabasebenzi kunye nenkcubeko yawo.

Ngehlobo lowe-1913 Colonel Dukhonin wenyusa uhambo ukuya uhlela eentloko ezaxhobela Austria-Hungarian njenge-mkhanyo. Ngelo xesha, xa Yurophu wangena ngokukhawuleza leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kwaye Austria-iHungary wawa ngaphandle njengoko utshaba ephambili Russia, olu hambo waba ngaphezu ebalulekileyo. kokugqiba ngempumelelo umsebenzi wayo, Colonel wafumana Order of St. Vladimir udidi yesine, uze kwandisa kwi Kiev Military Circle - eyiNtloko Intelligence Division.

The First World War

Xa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Dukhonin wamisela lomlawuli ISebe lendlu Jikelele Abasebenzi aphezulu isiThathu Army of Kiev yesithili emkhosini. Army, ukuba lilungu le-South-Eastern Front, wathabatha inxaxheba kwedabi Compostela, eyayibanjelwe ukusuka Agasti 5 ukuya Septemba 8, 1914. In Dukhonin imisebenzi ziquka igade ingqondo. Nezibophelelo Colonel eyabelwe wamelana ngokunamathelene-. Ebudeni kwesimo ngowe-1914 e ezinqabeni Przemysl of incoko yethu iqhawe Order of St. George ngomlinganiselo yesine.

Sashiya abasebatsha ukungqengqa ikomkhulu, yaye ngowe-1915 wacela ngokuyithumela ngaphambili. Ngoko Dukhonin wamiselwa ingqwayi-th 165 zamabutho webutho of Lutsk. Nangona phantsi umyalelo wakhe, webutho, wayisithelisa kokurhoxa sama-42 elihamba Division kule mpi kufuphi kwilali Mokreє (igama Ukrainian). Kuba isikhokelo kunye nesibindi professional Dukhonin wawongwa Order of St George, ngoku ngomlinganiselo wesithathu. Le ndondo lilungelo elikhulu, ngenxa yokuba Order weqondo yesibini ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi zizifumene ezine kuphela.

NgoMeyi 1916 Dukhonin waba lendlu Jikelele Abasebenzi zantsi Front, kwaye ukuhlangula ngokuthi sisondele Jikelele Brusilov - eyiNtloko imikhosi Front.

February revolution

Iziganeko zale Februwari Revolution uNikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin ngayo ngokuzolileyo. Yena, ukuba kukho umntu onengqondo, wayesazi ukuba bathobele urhulumente omtsha aze ahlele imvukelo kwi armbands ezibomvu nganto yaye ayiloncedo ngokwemiqathango ukuya emfazweni. Musa ukuphinda amava yokuba nezinye iinjengele (Miller kunye Keller) Dukhonin wavuma ukuba basebenzisane kunye Provisional kaRhulumente, imeko ngokwalo njengoko welungelo lizwe, yaye hayi emele iimfuno nabani. Xa amazwi Kerensky, Dukhonin indoda ngokuphandle kwaye enyanisekileyo Lunyawukile maqhinga yezopolitiko. Yena, ngokutsho Kerensky, wayengomnye wabo magosa, ezazithathayo ukusuka Petra Velikogo kunye Suvorov nobugcisa loyiso, ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakuthetha intlonipho abangaphantsi.

NgoMeyi 1917, Jikelele UNikolai Dukhonin waya kwekomkhulu zantsi Front. Ekuqaleni Agasti kunyaka omnye waba Lieutenant-jikelele kunye intloko abasebenzi Western Front. 10 Septemba, emva Jikelele Alexeyev warhoxa Dukhonin wakhokela Ephakamileyo IKomkhulu Kerensky.

Nantsi into wabhala uLieutenant General Denikin kwi Dukhonin "Kerensky kunye nabameli lwentando yesininzi revolution bafumana iphiko nye, silindele ixesha elide kangaka. Wayelijoni okhaliphileyo kunye negosa amanqindi wala naliphi na ikhethe lezopolitiko. " Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin wavuma indima, ngokucacileyo abeke igama lakhe, yaye ekugqibeleni ubomi bakhe ukuze asindise ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, uthi Denikin.

I October Revolution

Ekuqaleni Oktobha, Jikelele Dukhonin ngokuthembeka wadlala indima "ngumcebisi technical", ethe wazinikela ekuphumezeni kukhuselo lwethutyana kaRhulumente. Ngokomyalelo Kerenskogo uNikolay Nikolaevich waguqulela iiyunithi eziliqela strong zokulwa noxinezeleko ubuninzi indawo. Kamva, kwiBolsheviks waphumelela razagitirovat onke la malungu.

Xa e Petrograd waqala Oktobha mvukelo, Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin sidalelwe Mogilev iqela ekhethekileyo kulungelelaniso zeziganeko ngaphambili zasekhaya. Kodwa ukuthintela ukuwa bomkhosi, ngelo xesha ifikelele incopho yawo, kwakungenakwenzeka.

October 25, 1917 Dukhonin wabhenela umkhosi, ezama ukuba bakhumbuze ukuba umsebenzi kwakhe ezweni kufuna ukuba ukugqiba nokuzeyisa kunye noxolo lwengqondo, isikhundla olumandla nezikhundla kunceda urhulumente. Wathumela yocingo Petrograd befuna kwiBolsheviks ngokukhawuleza bayeke izenzo zabo, nibuye nokuhlutha abaxhobileyo amandla bathobele uRhulumente Provisional. Kungenjalo, wathi, umkhosi eza kuxhasa eli bango ngenkani. Ngelo xesha xa mkhosi ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye amaJamani kwi-West, Ungathatha ingqalelo yoku, bonke ndingenza, Jikelele, - ukuthumela ucingo ezisongela.

Ngobusuku Novemba 26-27, ukuze bafunde ukuba ukuze Kerensky wathumela "squad nomkhosi onamandla" Dukhonin jikelele ocetywayo ukuba sigqale kubo "iinqwelo ezimbini ethembekileyo vehicles." Ngenxa yoko, abantu yamaBolshevik ngokukhawuleza nangokulula namoyisa Winter Palace. Ngentsasa wama-27 ka-UNikolai Nikolaevich Ndathumela kuye ucingo becela ukuba bayeke imisebenzi yabo ngogonyamelo, yaye bazithobe Provisional Government. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa kunye izinga iikomiti umkhosi wagqiba ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukunceda eMoscow. Ekubeni basilela ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kunye neekomiti umkhosi kusasa Dukhonin awathetha ngocingo Oktobha 29 ukuya A. Kaledin, baza bambuza kungenzeka ukuba athumele ukuba ikomkhulu Don Cossacks squad ukuze iphelise loo mvukelo eMoscow yaye baqhubeka komjikelo kwi Petrograd. Jikelele Dukhonin impendulo akazange alinde.

Isikhundla Commander Supreme

Xa hambo kwi Petrograd ayiphumelelanga, ngoNovemba 1, Kerensky ngobusuku Dukhonin wamisela Commander ePhakamileyo, ngenxa ukuphuma in Petrograd. ukwazisa Jikelele abantu malunga nokuqeshwa kwakhe, ewakhuthaza ukuba kwizikhundla zabo. November 1 Dukhonin wafumana ileta evela Kornilov, apho Laurel G. Jikelele wakhumbula ukuntsonkotha msebenzi owawa emagxeni akhe, yaye kwimfuneko yokuba bezimisele ukuba balungelelanise ukulwa isiphithiphithi ezayo.

Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin waqonda ukuba ingozi eziphambili sinokulindela ngasemva kunokuba ngaphambili. Kokukuqwalasela oku kuxanduva lwakhe ukuxhasa uRhulumente engunobambiso njengoko igunya kuphela ezisemthethweni. Esoyika igama njengoko ngumtyholwa ephambili War Civil, yena kulinganiselwe izenzo zakhe. I-High Umyalelo uzobe imifanekiso isimo sakhe War Civil, xa wakhupha umyalelo ukumisa imikhosi ihamba phezu Petrograd. Ubhejo Dukhonin wamelana urhulumente yamaBolshevik, kodwa enyanisweni yena yedwa.

Nov. 7 jikelele lasebukhosini Dukhonin wafumana umyalelo iBhunga Commissars Abantu, njengako leyo ubhenele ukuba iinkokheli wemikhosi owayelutshaba nowubingelela ukuba ayeke ukulwa uhlale phantsi etafileni thethwano. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iinkcukacha kwi-thethwano kwakufuneka lokutshintshela kwi Smolny. Xa iiBolsheviks wanika umyalelo, baba kuchasene uluvo jikelele. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela umyalelo kuya kuthetha ukuba banesizathu ukuqaphela Dukhonin utshaba lwakhe, kwaye ke ngoko njengotshaba ebantwini.

Esazi ukuba mbaxa meko, 8 Novemba tsarist jikelele Dukhonin imini yonke ndicinga ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, wagqiba ukudlala ixesha, ukusebenzisa into yokuba isigidimi radio yimithetho sele ukhutshiwe umyalelo. Dukhonin ngocingo uMphathiswa War ukuba ngenxa ukubaluleka radiogram ekhethekileyo akakwazi ukwenza izigqibo umxholo walo, kuba akanayo umhla kunye nenombolo.

call sibi

YamaBolshevik zidale General Dukhonin ukuza kukungcamla. Night ukusuka 8 9 Novemba iBhunga zabantu Commissars emntwini Lenin, Stalin kunye Krylenko wabiza Duhonininu ukucacisa indawo yayo ngokuphathelele umyalo. Le jikelele waqala impendulo yakhe ngokuthi ukuba yaBantu Commissars wabuza enoba Amanyeneyo uyavumelana iintetho uxolo. Emva koko wavakalisa vekeleke yakhe ukuba ye'Bolsheviks akakwazi ngqo thethana Amanyeneyo, yaye ngoko ke kufuneka ummeli kurhulumente kazwelonke. Commissars akazange aphawule iingxelo Jikelele kunye wamane wambuza ukuba wayeza kunikela impendulo eqinisekileyo ukuba ii-odolo ze wawenza umyalelo sekulungile.

Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin wala ukwenza imiyalelo ye iiBolsheviks. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba agxothwe. Ukususela kwixesha lokuqala indawo Commander Ephakamileyo kwakungekho namnye, wahlala endaweni yakhe de sesho umgqatswa ofanelekileyo. Kungekudala, endaweni yakhe, wayeza kufika Ensign Krylenko.

Emva kokuba incoko yefowuni ubusuku kunye neenkokeli kwiBolsheviks, Jikelele UNikolai Nikolaevich Dukhonin wagqiba ukuba Abantu Commissars, nto leyo ingakumbi ukubona wagqiba ukuzama ukuthethana ngokusebenzisa umthetheli, benawo amandla omkhosi esemthethweni.

Sigqibo nabalimi kuthula

Novemba 10 kwabikwa ukuba Mogilev iiBolsheviks wavumela amajoni ukuzibandakanya isgqibo lwabo notshaba, hayi abhalisela ngokuthandwa eethenda. -Thethwano babevunyelwa ukuba bangene ngamabhunga anyulwe, kuqalwa kunye neekomiti regimental. Kwaye kuphela kokusayina ukuxolelana mvumelwano mandatory ukuba liqukumbele kwahlula urhulumente. Yayilixesha okokuqala kwimbali yehlabathi, xa lo mkhwa lalisetyenziswa kuthula. Ukufunda le, Dukhonin wothuka. Wabona kulo mgaqo-nkqubo obunje isiphithiphithi yokutshabalala iyonke sokumiswa. Le jikelele ungaliphulaphulanga isigqibo SNK, nangona bayaziqonda umkhosi omnye emva komnye.

Novemba 13 entsha Ephakamileyo Commander Krylenko wafika Dvinsk, apho umkhosi wayemi yesihlanu Northern Front. Ngosuku olulandelayo, abameli bakhe bangena thethwano kunye umyalelo yeJamani, aphule nezibophelelo njengehlakani Russia. November 15, Dukhonin kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba phambi uloyiso lokugqibela phezu iyunithi German uya kwenza konke eRashiya lizaliseke umsebenzi walo Amanyeneyo.

Kunjalo, Jikelele uNikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin wayesazi eethenda iintsuku zibaliwe. Xa incoko General Shcherbachov wabuza le yokugqibela ukuba yeleyo Commander ePhakamileyo, ukuba naye ngokwakhe into eyenzekayo. Ukuphendula Shcherbachev isiphakamiso Dukhonin ukuhambisa GHQ ku eKiev. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ngamandla, i-Central Symbol, Nezingathanga baqaphele urhulumente waseSoviet. Efanayo UNikolai Nikolaevich wacebisa uLieutenant Gen. Lukomsky.

Ekugqibeleni, 18 Novemba abasebenzi eethenda aye aqala ukuhamba, kodwa ke jikelele yena wasala. Ekubeni engcwabeni kufuneka Uloliwe vehicles kunye njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, waqonda ukuba isiphelo eethenda sele kwangaphambili. Ngosuku olulandelayo, xa abathetheli ithathele phambili beza kuma kuba yokubheja, Dukhonin wayalela ukuba bemke kweso sixeko. Akazange afune fratricide. Ebudeni ngobusuku November 20, i-jikelele wathumela Bykhov abameli babo ukuze ukukhulula Jikelele Kornilov kunye namaqabane akhe. Bonke baya kakuhle, yaye ngobo busuku basishiya isixeko. Efanayo kakhulu Jikelele UNikolai Dukhonin Ndandingazimiselanga ukuba abaleke. Wavuma ukuba uza kubanjwa okanye shot nkqu, kodwa kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo phesheya nkqu kuqikellelo ezimbi.

Ukufa General Dukhonin

November 20 General Krylenko wafika Mogilev ukuthatha kwisikhundla Ephakamileyo Commander Dukhonin. UNikolai Krylenko wagqiba ukuba alinde kwisakhiwo eethenda engenanto, apho kwakhe nanini na, ube lixhoba kokutshatana nejoni ngayo. Ovethe iingubo zokunxiba, waya kwisikhululo ukuze anike-to-ngesandla ukudlulisela ityala '' esikhundleni sakhe, kodwa yokugqibela waya esixekweni. Ke Nicholas waya kwingqwayi-ngqwayi uloliwe ukuba alinde Krilenko kuye. kamva isiqingatha seyure, iindaba ukuba Dukhonin ehleli uloliwe ngokukhawuleza wathengisa lonke esitishini. malunga imoto kungekudala isihlwele lamadoda axhobileyo, ngubani bakwazi pholisa lokuphathana kuphela imbonakalo Krylenko. Kodwa akazange onwabe ixesha elide.

Jikelele Dukhonin, iifoto ezo ayahlukanga umgangatho elungileyo, wazazisa yena wazama ukuthetha ezihlangwini zakhe, kodwa yena akazange ephulaphule. Krylenko zonke ingqalelo ijolise nesi sihlwele singalawulekiyo, owayefuna ukuziphindiselela Dukhonin. Ezinye oomatiloshe bade wakhwela emotweni kunye unceremoniously Undityhale Krylenko, azame nokulawula ecaleni. Xa imeko ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kolawulo, Dukhonin ukuba bafikile esihlweleni, esithi: "Wena wayefuna ukubona General Dukhonin? Mna phambi kwakho. Ndaya ... ". akazange Jikelele zokuyigqiba lona. Abatoli ngasemva kunye onencula belahla loo nqwelo. Kabuhlungu angaqwengwa ngabo umzimba jikelele, oomatiloshe waya esixekweni ukubulala umfazi wakhe. Xa isihlwele waqhekeza ibe jikelele endlini, umfazi wakhe wayengekho ekhaya. Natalia owayephakathi kwalo ibandla, apho wafumana umhlobo. Ukuthetha ngendlela wayebulewe jikelele Dukhonin intombi Natalia wazimela ekhaya.

Kamva, AI Denikin, owayengekho fan iinkanuko revolution Dukhonin, kodwa yena unetyala ubomi bakhe, wathi Nicholas umntu onyanisekileyo, ngubani wayesazi kakuhle eli kwabangamashumi ityala ebusweni kotshaba. "Ke phakathi kwabo bonke aba eziphikisanayo revolution UNikolai badideke tshembiseke" - ngokuchaza up Denikin.

NgoNovemba 21 imeko nganye ezinga e Mogilev. Krylenko wakwazi ukuphelisa kumahlokondiba kwaye ufake ukhuseleko izinto ezibalulekileyo. On imiyalelo yakhe Dukhonin isidumbu wafakwa etyeyeni wayisa kwisakhiwo station. Kusasa kwabakho phantsi babalindi Natalia. Ummeli we umthetheli entsha Ephakamileyo wamthabatha ukuba ebhokisini bezisa amazwi ukusuka Krylenko ubuso. Jikelele ngokwakhe akabonakalanga emehlweni womhlolokazi. Kukho enye inguqulo ekuthi ngawo umzimba Dukhonin yathengwa ngumfazi wakhe oomatiloshe okutyekisayo, kuziswa Kiev, bamngcwaba omnye kunye namangcwaba zasekuhlaleni. Nantso ibali lakhe igqityiwe General Dukhonin. Engcwabeni UNikolai Nikolaevich 1934 is on Lukyanovka emangcwabeni kwisixeko Kiev.

Kuhleli kuphela ukongeza ukuba ngomhla wama-21 Novemba kwisixeko Brest-Litovsk, kwiBolsheviks baqalisa thethwano kwi ekuphelisweni Brest yoxolo, ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba achazwe lihlazo. Okokugqibela rated, kodwa umqobo lingavumi kakhulu Ngokubanzi Dukhonin ubuso lwapheliswa ngokwasemzimbeni.

isiphelo

Dukhonin Jikelele, biography egama ndaba incoko yethu, omnye izafobe ezininzi ezibuhlungu yombhodamo Russian zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ibonisa ukuba kunzima kangakanani na ukuba okhuselayo njalo kwilizwe - ngokunyaniseka siqinile. Ibinzana elithi, "edluliselwe kwikomkhulu Jikelele Dukhonin" ezinxulumene ukufa okuhlazisayo kwi ezandleni hlokondiba yokuguguma wakholisa abaphindezeli. Kodwa lihlazo wena yena Dukhonin waziva, behamba uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela?