Ixabiso ulusu ukuba umzimba womntu

Isikhumba umzimba unzima kakhulu kwaye uninzi voluminous womntu. Ukuba nako kwethu ukuba aphile ngayo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umzimba yeyona nto iphambili zesakhiwo. Ukukhusela, ukulondoloza ubushushu kunye namanzi balance, ixhasa ubomi kwiimeko apho umntu ahlala. Kakade ke, asiyiyo ixabiso kuphela ulusu umzimba. Kuye imisebenzi emininzi, apho kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokweenkcukacha. Oku kuya kufuna uphononongo lokuba isakhiwo esisiseko ulusu nokubunjwa kwayo zeselula kunye neendlela ezisebenza.

jikelele Basic imisebenzi kwesikhumba

Phakathi imisebenzi emininzi umzimba, abaninzi zinokuphunyezwa kuphela ngesikhumba. Xa usibona kwindawo phylogenetic lwembono, le nto ibalulekileyo kukuba wadalwa ekunokongiwa ngayo amanzi emzimbeni. Bathi, Bekufuneka ukuba eziphilayo loni ilizwe. Yaye phylogeny ulusu kwabonakala kamva ngaphezu isikali nezikrweqe, kunene kakhulu kubo lula ukuqhelana kokusingqongileyo, kodwa ezisenentsebenzo imisebenzi esisiseko. Phakathi kwabo:

• ummiselo lobushushu emzimbeni;

• protective (uthango);

• Olawula (abandakanyeka ngamanzi electrolyte exchange);

• ngemali (igazi lisebenza njengendawo imali);

• pathways ezidalwe;

• receptor;

• omzimba;

• excretory.

zibaluleke kakhulu ezi mpawu zikhankanywe ngasentla, kuba ixhasa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ilungu elo. Kwaye oku eluswini umzimba: ukuba unoxanduva intsebenziswano kunye nokusingqongileyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukhusela ukusuka neziphumo eziyingozi. Kuthatha ulwelo ivela emzimbeni, kodwa 'esweni "iqondo lobushushu yayo singesuki ngaphezu kwaleyo okufanele. Kwezinye eziphilayo, isikhumba nayo inxaxheba kutshintshiselwano igesi, idlala indima ukukhanya olongezelelweyo. Abantu, lo msebenzi - ngenxa kulwakhiwo lwalo entsonkothileyo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla - ebilahlekile.

iimpawu noshowo ulusu

Eli bhotwe zemfundo phaya "Thina yaye ihlabathi" kwi "ixabiso ulusu umzimba" (Grade 4) linika ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo sayo. Materials le kokufundisa zaye zathathwa iincwadi histology kwaye amalungu kwesikhumba. Inikela inkcazelo ethe vetshe malunga isakhiwo kwesigubungelo yomzimba olungaphandle iiseli ezibandakanyeka nokubunjwa kwayo, nendlela kusebenza.

Le morphology esikhumba siquka ngeengcamba ezintathu: sangaphandle (nwebu), i dermis (papillary ezikroziswayo reticular) kunye okunamafutha kwithishyu. Le yokugqibela yi kakhulu kakhulu. Ezi ngeengcamba ezintathu nemilo ikhava yethu. Xa inyama ongama iphuhlisa adipose izihlunu, umsebenzi metabolic owenza.

Kule dermis amalungiselelo lwegciwane ulusu ndawo, imithambo yegazi kunye kwalapho (receptor). Le yokugqibela bayakwazi ukuqaphela iimpawu ebonakalayo yokusingqongileyo apho qha. Kwakhona ise ngokwezahlulo dermis ekupheleni kwamadlala ukubila neenwele mayixhotyiswe ingxowa okunamafutha.

Sangaphandle - lelona inxaxheba ubuncinane, ngokuba lenza kuphela zikhusela. Noko ke, isikhumba kakhulu umzimba, kwaye ngenxa yakhe, kuba ngaphandle ukhuseleko yomzimba womntu nangoko zaziswe izinto ezininzi, kuquka izinto eziphathekayo, bemvelo kunye imichiza. Nokuba ngumkhuhlane elula, okanye mandithi oscillation wayo kuluhlu degrees 10 kusitshabalalisa, ukuba ubukho multi-inwebu sangaphandle.

Indima kwesikhumba thermoregulation

Eyona Ixabiso ulusu kwinkqubo thermoregulation mngeni onzima. Oku le umzimba thermoreceptors apho Ungakwazi ukucacisa lobushushu kuma uqikelelo. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, inkqubo ulawulo lwenzeka kwi lobushushu emzimbeni. Kwiimeko apho parameters emzimbeni medium ngaphezulu, umzimba kuquka iinkqubo ukubila nesikhumba semithambo nokwandiswa loop. Ngenxa yoko, oku lupholile, kwaye ubukho kweemeko ezinjalo uba ukhululeke ngakumbi.

Kwiimeko apho lobushushu umzimba ngezantsi ichaza eluswini, ngeebhayisikile nezamkeli ezibandayo. Bona malunga amaxesha 5-6 mkhulu receptor ubushushu. Ke inkqubo iqale ukunciphisa transfer ubushushu ngokusebenzisa iinqanawa ezincinane nokunciphisa umphezulu isikhumba (irhanisi inyama). Ukongeza, iinkqubo luyenyuka lipid ukwetyisa kwi inyama ovumela ukuveliswa ezinye ubushushu ukufudumeza umzimba nokugcina inkxaso yobomi.

zikhusela

Noko ke, thermoregulation - oku kubalulekile ukuba ulusu umzimba womntu kuphela. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko nje kuphela ubushushu nengqele, kodwa kwezinye izinto eekhemikhali, ubume bendalo kunye eziphilayo. Indima ephambili njengomqobo (protective) umsebenzi bobabo sangaphandle. isakhiwo sayo lipophilic kunciphisa unikezelo percutaneous kwezinto, unako ukunyibilika emanzini.

Kwakhona umaleko leeseli epidermal ukhusela evela imiba mechanical - lityumza, ukugqojozwa, ahlabayo. Sangaphandle kuba nzima ngaphezu dermis kunye namanqatha, kunye ngoko nayiphi na kwezi ziphumo kuya kukhokelela umonakalo omkhulu, hayi nokuba loo umaleko phezu komhlaba.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko ngokuchasene ionizing radiation, ubuncinane eliphakathi elide-yomtshangatshangiso njalo. Ngokukodwa, isikhumba ukhuselo elungileyo kwimitha yelanga, kodwa awukwazi ukukhusela umzimba gamma-ray ufaka isicelo. Akumangalisi ke, ekubeni le yokugqibela bayakwazi ukungena iindonga eziphathekayo. Kodwa phambi nokhuseleko radiation neutron evela amasuntswana alpha nemitha yelanga ukusuka kakhulu lwenze umphefumlo womntu.

Kwaye ngenxa yokuba nje kuphela izinto esemzimbeni ukubulala umzimba wethu, kufuneka aqulunqe zokuzikhusela bahlaseli eziphilayo. Ba iintsholongwane saprophytic, iintsholongwane, umngundo kunye protists. Kubo bonke ngesikhumba kusichukumisa kwaye ikoloni balo babulingana nesandla kuphela fungi. Kwaye kuphela ngenxa yokuba amasebe awo mycelium kwaye kungena izithuba phakathi esikalini epidermal, uthi kubo. Kodwa kwiintsholongwane sangaphandle ngokuqinileyo iyazikhusela umzimba kunye ulusu kubalulekile ukuba umzimba womntu ngokufutshane ichaza zonke iinkqubo lithathelwe imiba yokusingqongileyo.

ulawulo Water and electrolyte

isikhumba Great kubalulekile ukuba umzimba kunye nokulawulwa eseleyo fluid kunye electrolyte. Yintoni kuzuzwa Ukuqhela sodium, amanzi kunye chloride ion abilele. Kwakhona, nale ulwelo isusiwe yaye ezinye izinto eziyityhefu zohlobo asidi. Oku kudala amathuba umdla emzimbeni, nto leyo lupholisiwe yi ulwelo yayo.

Uhlobo ebonakalayo kwinkqubo komphunga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: lokuqala umbilo gland amanzi salawo aphumayo. Ekubeni umbilo ulusu umphunga, ngaloo ndlela okupholisa kuyo. Kule uwase kubangela ilahleko kumandla entshukumo ngayo iimolekyuli zamanzi. Ngenxa yoko, ubushushu ulusu liyehla kancinci. Hi ndlela leyi, inkqubo begazi ayikho olusebenzayo ukuba zokupholisa umzimba kwiimeko apho bume eshushu esingqongileyo (umz sokuhlambela).

Nokufaka umsebenzi igazi

Le dermis yenye networks kakhulu olubanzi entsonkothileyo nemithambo. Kulo mzekelo, kukho amathathu kuphela: kwemithambo amabini kunye lwemithambo omnye. Ngaphezu koko, isikhumba a emithanjeni ububanzi apho igazi abanjwe. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukugcina eminye yayo ukuze axinezeleke indlela nokomzimba ukukhulula aze abuyele egazini kwindawo zonaniso igesi.

Nje iimpahla isikhumba ngaxeshanye yande ukuya ku-15% yamanqaku ewonke umthamo wegazi, nto leyo esoloko itshintsha ukwenzela ukuthintela elitshisiweyo kunye thrombus Ukwakheka. Xa ufika uphawu humoral ukuba arterioles lomzimba ofuna ukwandisa bayimisa kwisindululo ngenxa yengcinezelo ngentla-mnyango, igazi ukusuka emithanjeni emva kwegazi. Umzimba ngenxa oku kuza kongeza unyamezelo namandla. Kwaye njengoko kudla isindisa ubomi xa kunokwenzeka ingozi, ixabiso ulusu ukuba umzimba womntu kulo mba nje enkulu.

Ezingokuqandusela kanye umsebenzi metabolic

fat ongama - ilungu yokugcina ngamanqatha. Last aphele ngokonga ukubonelela iimfuno namandla yogcino. Kungenxa amanqatha inyama ethatyathwa umzimba ekuqa- yokugqibela, ngoko ukunciphisa nzima kangaka ubunzima. Ngoku, ke, kubalulekile ukuba ulusu abantu - hayi into ephambili. umsebenzi ezidalwe kakhulu kubaluleke ngakumbi, ezizezi ummiselo yindlala kunye kuhluthe.

inyama Adipose yi izihlunu ongama enamandla nobubovu ekwaziyo yokukhulula izinto elawula kuhluthe. Kwaye imvakalelo yindlala, "wathi" inqanaba glucose egazini. Xa uwe, kukho indlala. Njengoko Ukwanda kubhaliwe elinganeno kuthintelwa hormone ukusuka izihlunu adipose, leyo "kuthetha" ukuba ukutya akufunekanga ziphele ngaphezulu.

Receptor umsebenzi lwesikhumba

Ukuxoxa ngesihloko "Ixabiso ulusu umzimba" (izifundo 4 isikolo grade oko), akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba umsebenzi receptor. Oku - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo, kuba kukuvumela ukuba ufumane inkcazelo malunga nokusingqongileyo. Isikhumba ngokusebenzisa ezenza limisela lobushushu medium, lexinene kwezinye izinto, le ukufuma, ukuguda noburhabaxa komhlaba kunye nezinye morphological iparameters.

Nkqu ezenza iintlungu ibekwe esikhumbeni esikhusela ukufumana umonakalo omkhulu kuthi. Nokuba buhlungu i "njengonogada 'impilo yabantu.

umsebenzi excretory lwesikhumba

Ulusu ngenxa yobukho kwamadlala ukubila uyakwazi zigutyula iimveliso metabolic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le high ubunzima molekyuli izinto lipophilic okanye molekyuli esibamba encinane ukusabela acid. Eyokuqala ke iiprothini kunye namafutha eziyimfuneko ngokuphatha iinwele, kwi ibhalbhu leyo ivula duct namadlala sebaceous.

Le into yesibini (ubunzima molekyuli ephantsi) kuwa apha ngqo egazini kwaye ibekwe phezu koko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umsebenzi excretory ulusu ngokucacileyo nesifo sifo. Ngophuhliso igazi yakhe yaligqiba ngokubonakalayo ubungakanani uric acid, nto leyo output kamva ngesikhumba ngohlobo ziikristale.

Omnye umzekelo okubuhlungu aziphelelanga. Inxulunyaniswa ukuzama kukhuthaza asidi inyongo kwi ezitshangubeni zesibindi parenchymal. Kodwa kunjalo, eli isikhumba kubaluleke kakhulu kakhulu kuba ibubomi kumzimba, kuba oko kuyanceda ekulawuleni ukutshintshiselana izinto eziyityhefu kunye enobungozi. Kwaye le yenye yeendlela ubomi inkxaso.

umsebenzi omzimba

Agree kubaluleke kakhulu eluswini umzimba womntu. Imifanekiso ebhekiselele eqhotyoshelwe njengento ngokomzekeliso ebonisa into isakhiwo yethu esimbaxa langaphandle yangaphandle. Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa kukho kuthi iimpendulo omzimba ukuba ibalulekile ukukhusela umzimba wonke. Yaye ukukhusela nxamnye neentshaba zangaphandle kunye izinto, ukususela ngamagciwane ungene ngaphakathi. Kwaye lo msebenzi iphunyezwa ngendlela neutrophils, monocytes, macrophage kunye lymphocyte.

Kwakhona khona eluswini iiseli Langerhans kunye basophils. Bona nokulawula ngendlela umzimba zokhuselo zasekuhlaleni kwaye ukubandakanyeka iiseli plasma iantigens ntetho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umsebenzi omzimba isikhumba kuboniswana enye indlela ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathwe metabolic. isigubungelo wethu engaphandle na indawo kuyondelelaniswe kubalulekile ukuba uphuhliso zamajoni omzimba amathambo provitamin yabantu D.

Kwixesha elizayo, kuya kuba nqanaba unyango lwe wezintso kwaye uya kwenza umsebenzi wayo. Nangona kunjalo, indawo nokubunjwa yayo na isikhumba. Apha, phantsi kwempembelelo ukukhanya yelanga, imali encinci ulusu nangoku ngenyameko idlula ngokwayo, nizalelwe kweziyobisi. Nokubaluleka kwalo uphuhliso amathambo omkhulu. A indima eluswini umzimba uphela ezinkulu ngakumbi.