Inkqubo yokusebenza elahlekileyo: yintoni enokuyenza ngephutha?

Omnye wabasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo nabangothusayo bemilayezo ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokusebenza kubonakala kwiskrini esimnyama senkqubo yokusebenza elahlekileyo. Yintoni enokuyenza ngayo 'nbv, ungazi into yonke, kuba, kubonakala ngathi, izolo ikhompyutha okanye i-laptop isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho nto enjalo ephawulwe. Kodwa musa ukuphelelwa yithemba. Ewe, ingxaki ingaba yingozi kakhulu, ngokukodwa malunga nokuhluleka komzimba wediski ekhuni, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba ukuhluleka akuxhunyiwe kwi-drive enzima, inokupheliswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezilula.

Ukukhuphela: Inkqubo yokusebenza engekho. Kuthetha ntoni le mpazamo?

Okokuqala, ngamagama ambalwa malunga nento oku kuphazamiseka ngayo. Njengoko uyazi, i-disk ekhuni yekhompyutheni inokuqala, isahlulo esithile esikhethekileyo apho inkqubo yokusebenza ifakwe, kwaye okwesibini, ukuhlula ukwahlula kunye neirekodi ezijongene nokuqala i-OS.

Ngoko, yintoni enokuyenza ngeenkqubo ezingasebenziyo? Masikuguqule lo mgca. Ngokusekelwe ekuguquleleni kwangempela, oku kuthetha indlela yokulahleka yokusebenza. Ngamanye amagama, i-computer ifikelela kwiirekhodi zokuqala, ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-boot loader kunye nenxenye yenkqubo, kwaye ayifumani i-OS efakwe. Kutheni?

Yaya phi na inkqubo? Inkqubo yokusebenza elahlekileyo: izizathu zokungaphumeleli

Enyanisweni, ingaphi inkqubo yokusebenza ingafika kuyo, ukuba umsebenzisi akayi kubuyiselwa kwakhona, akayikucima iifayile zenkqubo kwaye akenzanga naziphi na izenzo ezithintela ukusebenza kwe-OS? Ngelishwa, kwiimeko ezininzi le ngcamango iphosakeleyo. Inyaniso kukuba inkqubo ngokwayo ayikhuseli kwiintsilelo ezingaxhomekeke kumsebenzisi.

Kodwa, cinga ukuba umsebenzisi ubona umgca wokusebenza ongabikhoyo kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutheni ekuqaleni. Yintoni enokuyenza ngephutha - kuya kucaca emva kokufumana izizathu zokubonakala kwayo. Kwaye phakathi kwazo, ezi zilandelayo zizona ziphambili:

• Izicwangciso eziphambili zokuqala kwiBIOS;
• Iiparameter ezingalunganga zendlela yokuqalisa nokusebenza kwe-HDD;
• Iimpazamo kwi-disk enzima;
• I-Bootloader kunye ne-boot sector sector corruption;
• Gqoka i-hard drive;
• Ukubonakaliswa kwiintsholongwane.

Iingxaki zeengxaki kunye nezilungiselelo zeBIOS

Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo yindlela yokubeka i-priority priority, kwaye abaninzi abasebenzisi bayalilibala. Mhlawumbi, ekugqibeleni umsebenzisi udlale umdlalo usebenzisa imidiya ethintekayo (umzekelo, iDVD), mhlawumbi izilungiselelo ze-BIOS "zihamba" ngokwazo, owaziyo ...

Kodwa emva kwephutha le-system yokulahleka. Yintoni enokuyenza kwimeko elula? Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa udidi oluphambili okanye oluphambili ekuqaleni kwaye ufaka inkqubo yokuqala / yokuphuma, ebizwa nge-BIOS.

Nantsi kufuneka ufumane ukwahlula kwebhodi (ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yiBoot, i-Boot Ulandelelwano, i-Boot Priority, okanye into enjengeyo) kwaye ujonge ukulandelwa kwezixhobo apho inkqubo yokuqalisa iqala khona. Cinga ukuba i-DVD yokuqala ye-ROM (i-optical drive) efakwe kuhlu, iyesibini iyisisithi ekhutshwayo ye-USB, kwaye i-HDD HDD kuphela (i-Hard Drive) yowesithathu kumgca.

Masithi, okwangoku, akukho diski ebonakalayo kwidiski ye- optical drive (okanye i diski yesistimu, umzekelo, nomdlalo ufakwe) okanye i-USB flash drive iyifakwe kwi-port yase-USB, kwakhona, kungekhona ngokuhambisa ngokutsha, kodwa ngeefayile eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko kuvela ukuba akukho iirekhodi zeboot kule midiya, akukho mthwalo webhokisi okanye inkqubo yokusebenza, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kwendlela yokusebenza engekho yokusebenza. Yintoni enokuyenza kule meko? Kukho iindlela ezimbini: ukuba ususe yonke imithombo ekhutshweyo kwaye uqalise kwakhona okanye ufake ifowuni yokuqala ye-HDD (kwi-BIOS kumgca we-Boot yedivayisi, ii-PgUp / PgDown zitshixo zisetyenziswa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iintlobo zingasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umgca we-HDD Ukusuka ephantsi ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo). Emva kokugcina izicwangciso ngokucinezela iqhosha le-F10 (Gcina & Phuma) kwaye uqinisekise ukulondolozwa kweerameters (Y okanye Kulungile), ukuqaliswa kwakhona kuya kuhlala. Ukuba ingxaki yile nto, iya kutshabalala.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, kwiimodesi ze-SATA ze-HDD, ungasetya ipharamitha ye-IDE esikhundleni se-AHCI, ngezinye izihlandlo ekuncedeni ukulungisa ingxaki.

Iingxaki zeDrive Drive

Izinto ezibi kakhulu, xa ingcambu iyona yinkqubo ekhuni ngokwayo. Kungenzeka ukuba kule meko Inkqubo yokusebenza engabikhoyo ingavela kwisikrini. Yintoni endiyenzayo? Kwakhona, kukho iindlela ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yengxaki.

Masiqale ngokubi kakhulu - imeko xa i-hard drive yayingenakwenzeka okanye, njengoko kubizwayo, yaqala ukuthulula. Ngokuqhelekileyo akunakulungiswa ukulungisa ingxaki, nangona kunjalo, njengento yokugqibela, unokuzama ukubuyisela kwakhona i-hard drive usebenzisa i-HDD Regenerator esebenzayo, ekuthiwa inako ukuvuselela i-hard drive.

Ukusebenzisa iShell

Kodwa ukuba i-hard drive "iyaphila", ungaqala ukuyijonga iiphoso, uze wenze i-bootloader ukufumana kwakhona okanye ubhale ngaphezulu kwi candelo lebhokisi.

Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uqalise kwi-intanethi okanye i-media ye-schematic media, uyibeke kwimimiselo ye-BIOS yesixhobo sokuqala, kwaye uvakalise umgca womyalelo (ngokuqhelekileyo udibaniso lweShift + F10 ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza okanye enye yamacandelo emenyu ye-GUI).

Okokuqala, i-hard drive ihlolwe iimpazamo ngokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukwenza oku, faka umyalelo chkdsk c: / x / f / r, kwaye faka imigca yokubuyisela ibhola ye bootrec.exe / lungisa i-mbr kunye ne-bootrec.exe / fixboot.

Emva koko, ungazama ukukhupha inkqubo ngokususa imidiya ekhutshweyo.

Ukuba oku akunakunceda, icandelo lebhokisi le-boot ligqitywe ngokupheleleyo, kuphela ngeli xesha kwi-console yomyalelo (kwakhona, xa ixutywe kwimidiya ekhutshweyo) umgca bootrec.exe / rebuildbcd ubhaliwe. Kodwa olu khetho lunceda phantse njalo.

Izenzo ezongezelelweyo

Ngokomgaqo, ngasentla zezi zicwangciso eziphambili ezikuvumela ukuba uphinde uphinde uqalise iprogram yokusebenza ukuba iingxaki azihambelani nokulimala komzimba kwi-drive drive. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyena nto kuphela into eyenzekayo. Inyaniso kukuba ezinye iintsholongwane nazo zinakho ukudala imeko elolo hlobo.

Kule meko, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukujonga yonke inkqubo yekhompyutheni yongongelo, usebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neKaspersky Rescue Disk okanye uphuhliso olufanayo oluvela kwi-Dr.Web. KwiWebhu. Kufuneka kubhaliswe kwiimidiya ezikhutshwayo kwaye zisetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokuqala sokukhuphela (zineenkcukacha zabo zokubakho). Ezi zixhobo, ngendlela, ziyakwazi ukufumana nokuba loo mi virus efihlakeleyo eqhelekileyo ukuba iskripthi eqhelekileyo okanye ukukhusela kwindlela yokusebenza ilahlekile.