Isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Isakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye bronchi kwemiphunga, ebangela ubuhlungu

Bronchi nemiphunga. isakhiwo

Bronchi wabiza onke amasebe elandisiweyo ukususela noqhoqhoqho. Kwathathwa ndawonye, bakha "ngumthi inyumoniya". It has sabaphathi yayo wayalela ukuba bonke abantu ngendlela efanayo.

Xa indawo kwisahlulo uqhoqhoqho phantse a esinekona sasekunene ivela iperi bronchi ephambili, nganye ithunyelwa esangweni kwemiphunga asekhohlo nasekunene, ngokulandelelana kwazo. isimo sabo buyahluka. Ngoko ke, lo bronchus ngasekhohlo iphantse kabini logama nje ilungelo kakade. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba narrowness ye kwii fastest-arhente ezisulelayo kwi indlela esezantsi nokuphefumla ngapha bronchus elifutshane ngokubanzi ilungelo engundoqo. Iindonga la masebe zicwangciswe ngathi iindonga uqhoqhoqho yaye ziqulathe nemisipha amaqhina oqhagamshelwano amakhonkco cartilaginous. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo uqhoqhoqho, amakhonkco bronchus intlala zisoloko ivaliwe. Eludongeni isebe lasekhohlo babala ukusuka amakhonkco ezilithoba ukuya elinambini eludongeni isebe ekunene - ukusuka ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo. Umphezulu engaphakathi igutyungelwe engundoqo bronchi isakhiwo inwebu yangaphakathi kwaye umsebenzi leyo ezifanayo isifo tracheal. Lolo hide amasebe eziphambili (ngokuhambelana yabasemagunyeni) isebe songqamano asezantsi. Ezi ziquka:

ikhonkco bronchi yesibini (samiselwa),

bronchi yesithathu ukuya ikhonkco sesihlanu (segmental kunye subsegmental)

bronchi, kuthabathele kwilixa lesithandathu ukuya kwinqanaba elinesihlanu (amancinci)

ezinxulumene ngqo lung inyama bronchioles terminal (bona ezicekethekileyo nezincinane). Bangena iindinyana pulmonary alveoli kunye zokuphefumla.

ukwahlulwa ordinal umthi inyumoniya ingqamana lahlule yethishyu semiphunga.

Imiphunga inxalenye yesiphelo yenkqubo nokuphefumla kwaye zidityaniswe amalungu zemiphunga. Bona ise em- esifubeni emacaleni ilungu leqela eliquka kwentliziyo, aorta, Vena cava kunye nezinye izigqeba mediastinum. Ukukhanya, eza wadibana eludongeni ngaphambili esifubeni kunye yomqolo, babe isithuba esikhulu em- esifubeni. Imilo ye kwicala lasekunene kwaye nangasekhohlo akufani. Oku kungenxa yokuba phantsi ukukhanya lungelo isibindi nasekholo em- esifubeni intliziyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwicala lasekunene nje elifutshane kunye ububanzi, kwaye umthamo walo mkhulu ngaphezu umthamo kwicala lasekhohlo seepesenti ezilishumi. Imiphunga ibekwe ngasekunene nangasekhohlo sac pleural ngokulandelelanayo. Pleura - ezicekethekileyo umboniso, nto leyo ubunjwe kwizicwili. Inkxaso-lweHo- esifubeni ukusuka zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle (kwi wemiphunga mediastinum). Phakathi ifilimu ngaphakathi langaphandle ngokhethekileyo, kunciphisa kakhulu umkhosi zochuku ngexesha ukuphefumla, ukusifaka. Imiphunga babe imilo etsobhileyo. Eziphezulu umzimba ezivelileyo kancinane (ukuba iisentimitha ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu) ngenxa ubambo yokuqala okanye collarbone. Umda wabo ngasemva ise kwi vertebra wesixhenxe wesibeleko. Umda osezantsi ugqibe yesandi.

imisebenzi

Bronchus - saloyo ukuba ngokuyintloko inoxanduva unikezelo umoya alveoli uqhoqhoqho. Ukongeza, ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kulo lokusekwa reflex ukukhohlela, apho kuyo ezithathwe kumaqumrhu ezincinane amazwe kunye amasuntswana nothuli enkulu. imisebenzi zothintelo bronchus enikwa ubukho isiliya kunye isixa esikhulu yencindi secreted. Ngenxa yokuba ezi amalungu ebantwaneni elifutshane kwaye sincinane, ngaphezu kwabo abadala, Kulula ukuvaleka yabo inyambalala iindumbisa yencindi yomlomo. Umsebenzi bronchus kwakhona iquka inkqubo zezulu ozayo. Ezi amalungu ogalelwe esotha kuye.

Ngokungafaniyo umsebenzi bronchi, imiphunga banoxanduva unikezelo ngqo ioksijini egazini, ngenxa nokuphefumla ACs kunye imifinya ye-alveoli.

Kudla kukho izikhalazo intlungu bronchi. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuseka unobangela kwazo. njengokungathi ezilolu hlobo okubangelwa zizifo yemiphunga nezengekho naziphi na ezinye izizathu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho inyama pulmonary okanye inyumoniya iityhubhu azinayo luvo yovakalelo, ngoko "buhlungu" akakwazi. Isizathu kunokuba-luvo, izihlunu okanye isimilo ithambo.