Isishwankathelo i "Amanqaku ophambeneyo." Reflections on indaba UNikolai Gogol

Le isihloko eli nqaku kube lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ebiza ngamafuphi standard kuye: ". Diary of a ophambeneyo" Isishwankathelo Executive ". Gogol, Noko ke, isimo sengqondo esinjalo akafanelwanga. Yena - Classic, ngoko ukufuna ufumane kwiincwadi iingcinga zakhe fresh ingenamsebenzi - oko kunomvuzo. Kwakutheni ukuze eze ukubhala eli bali?

Ukuba i "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka" UNikolai wabhala ukuba uyabathanda, xa "Diary of ophambeneyo," koko wadlala nento awajamelana, kodwa hayi priemlela kuye "ngumphefumlo ophilayo."

Gogol - a Connoisseur yehlabathi nemithetho

Amashumi amabini anesihlanu uNikolay Vasilevich Gogol wayesazi ngaphakathi ebomini kwamagosa bezinto St. Petersburg wazibonela. Yena weza kwisixeko Petra onxaniweyo uloyiso nangoko uncwadi, kwafuneka ukuba ukukhonza ixesha elithile. umsebenzi nomdlandla esemthethweni akazange abangele, kunoko, siye saqonda ngamampunge enjalo "ubomi mouse." Kodwa Gogol wayengekho Classic, ngaphandle kokwenza sawo ngaphandle lemons ezinikezelwa kuye kusengaphambili.

Umbhali esomphathi, ukuba wangaphandle kwi-ofisi St Petersburg, bahlanganisana izinto sebali. Isishwankathelo i "Amanqaku ophambeneyo" umxholo weli nqaku.

ingcaciso jikelele ngale mveliso

Ibali ibhalwe ngohlobo idayari lobuqu ophambili, umabhalane encinane, umabhalane oyintloko kwiSebe Aksentije Ivanovich Poprishchin. It has akukho izahluko. Kukho umhla ingxelo ecacileyo (ka-11), alandela ukususela-3 Oktobha ukuya kwi-8 Disemba. Emva zivele njengoko amangeniso abhalwe maxesha clouding isizathu (9 njengangoku). "Era Mad" iqala ukusuka ku-43 Apreli 2000, uyaqhuba martoktyabre, ngoko "imini ngaphandle inani", omnye ngenyanga simahla, inani leenyanga simahla kunye neminyaka, njalo njalo. D. Noko ke, maxa wambi kukho kule ukusabela gama iingcinga "Februwari" unika isizathu abanye bakholelwa ukuba ungeno yokugqibela nangoku yenziwe ngoFebruwari, emva kokuqalisa idayari konyaka.

Ngenxa yoko, ecalanye i ngasentla:

1. Unconventionally kwathiwa, "Diary of a ephambeneyo." Isishwankathelo izahluko zale msebenzi, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubhala (akukho izahluko).
2. Idayari iquka ixesha mania okuqhubekayo Poprishchin bobukhulu kwama-5 iinyanga. Yena Iqala ukubonakala nemibono (bethetha izinja), kwaye igcina nge ukubekwa yakhe ਨਿਯਮ umthetho.

Licebo ibali

Isishwankathelo i "Amanqaku ophambeneyo" kufuneka kuqale 03.10.1833, xa Poprischin ubukele kwi window kwikhabhinethi ukuya enemvula, owayebonakele ngaphandle umqeqeshi ubona nokungenisa isebe zokwakha intombi abaselula abangatshatanga umphathi wakhe, uSophie. Yena uza naye Magee nenja engena incoko nomnye dog - Fidelkoy kulandela abafazi ababini badlule. Girl ngathi kunobhala olihlwempu.

Kobuntu, ishiya le gumbi, elandelwa amanenekazi, kwaye uyazi ukuba bahlala Kokushkin endlwini ibhulorho Zverkov kumgangatho wesi-5. Hi ndlela leyi, ikhaya wokwenene: ukuba waphila inkonzo joint igosa aqhelekileyo Gogol.

Yintoni na le bali? Isishwankathelo i "Amanqaku ophambeneyo" kwi ntetho wethu ilandela esibalisayo nengqiqo sakudala: uthando kuvela atshabalalise ngokupheleleyo le ndoda sele iphelile into engeyiyo ukusuka onochuku nabaqeshi unxunguphalo ithemba yabasebenzi, ubuhlwempu kunye lithemba.

Kodwa makhe sibuyele ingqiqo bali Gogol kaThixo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, xa umlinganiswa ophambili ngokuqhelekileyo ucoca kunye nokulungiswa bobuhlanti phezu kwedesika yokuba umqeshi wakhe, intloko yesebe, uphando kubandakanywa onke enye, uSophie. Ukukhulisa sasehle itshefu yakhe, Poprischin sele uziva ngokucacileyo uthando.

Yena uqala phezu kwinyanga ezayo, hhayi ukuzilawula ngokwawo, ukuba anike le ntombazana engenangqondo of ukunakwa. INtloko yeSebe utsala kuye yaye ubeka endaweni. Kodwa lovestruck ukuba akayeki. ukuba Sophie eyayinalo kuye uthando wazibuza.

style bahlupheke of ntetho Gogol kakhulu malilungiselelwe nobuntu ophambili. UNikolai Phindani akwenzeki, kodwa kufuneka iinjongo ezinjalo phambi kwakho musa ukubeka. isishwankathelo kwethu eli bali "Diary of ophambeneyo," uthi iinkcukacha ukungaphili logic. Edidekile Aksenty kwakhona enlists uncedo izinja ngentla (njengokuba abahlobo bakhe encwadini!).

Ekuqaleni, engena endlwini umphathi wakhe ngethemba ukufumanisa evela Magee okuthile Sophia, kodwa inja ubuchule ubuncwane cwaka. Ke Poprischin Zverkov kuba endlwini, apho phezu kwibhanka Fidelki ufumana bechola-iileta eqwengiweyo. "Okukhulu" Poprishchin ingqondo uyaqonda ukuba le mbalelwano ngaphezu izinja ezimbini encinane, nto leyo kubume bayo liyafana intlebendwane amanenekazi '. Ukususela oonobumba kunobhala ihlwempu ufunda iindaba ezimbi: umphathi wakhe yanikezelwa e Sofia uye izimvo kakuhle elisekelwe umnumzana igumbi lokulala ubushushu, yaye ubona kwakhe nkqu isigqebelo, impoxo kunye ezivulekileyo, ebiza "ufudo kwindawo poke."

Uzama ukuphazamisa Aksenty ufunda kumaphephandaba. Nakuba kunjalo, isiphumo sisichasi: ezingabuyekezekiyo uthando , ngumzali, yenza kuye ngokunzulu ukuze ziphile (ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ubuntu split) indlela kukulahlwa kwetrone uKumkani Spain. Yena inxulumanisa ngokwakhe kunye neNkosi. Isifo iqukiwe megalomania. Yena emva kokunyamalala seeveki ezintathu ukusuka mkhwa uya emsebenzini, kodwa uziphatha ngokungafanelekanga (umlawuli kuba nesidima akuthethi kuthi isaziso umlawuli we kwisebe khona). On amaphepha ke ubeka phantsi isiginitsha yakhe entsha - "UFerdinand VIII». Ngoko ke "uKumkani Spain" ukweqa ekhayeni Nozipho ukutyhila kuye imbilini yakhe bafika kwisigqibo bulumko ukuba amanenekazi kwi akhawunti elikhulu, kodwa iimpawu enye nice.

Emva koko, umntu ogulayo esibhedlele, kodwa esingalaziyo ntoni, ucinga izigulane wayicheba ophambene ingqondo ekhaya lezihandiba Spanish ezibuza kutheni wabethwa ngeentonga.

Iimpikiswano malunga isimbo yombhali

Inqaku yethu nje aveze isishwankathelo "Amanqaku ophambeneyo." Yintoni ebalulekileyo yindlela imveliso senziwa. Wena mhlawumbi ukuyifunda. Ophambili, umabhalana oyintloko ISebe Aksenty Ivanovich Poprishchin yeyela i kwimeko oluguqulweyo lokuqonda (na okanye unengxaki iimfeketho zokufeketha ubukhulu), nto leyo evumela ukuba emlonyeni Gogol zinxulumene kuphela ukuba bokuqonda kumaziko aseburhulumenteni kukuqonda ihlabathi, ngamandla yokuluka emangalisayo bamsinekela bokuya imiphefumlo, "kwi inkonzo iingangamsha". Eli bali iyavela, ukongeza umlinganiswa ophambili, ezintathu indlela kakhulu ezikhethekileyo amagosa encinane - Petrushevycha, Schneider, Kaplunov. Petrushevich Gogol novelwano kuba ukuba uziphatha ngokufanelekileyo ubume ekuhlaleni: akamntu yokuhamba ukuya iibhola ukuba "ofisi ezincinane ngenkulungwane XIX" yaye "bostonchiki". Kukho akumnandi kunye grafter Zakatischeva. Umfanekiso uSophie kaThixo isigqebelo, nguye "ding umphefumlo engenanto 'yaye into nenkcubeko Sofe Famusovoy of Griboyedov" Yeha ukusuka Wit ". Imifanekiso abalinganiswa ngexesha lokubhala - ophilileyo ngokupheleleyo, ebangela abafundi ezifanelekileyo iimvakalelo.

isiphelo

Ziziphi iingcamango angena zethu hlaziya "Diary of ophambeneyo" isishwankathelo? Gogol - isikakhulu italente Ngubani na ongazaziyo nasiphi na ixesha elibekiweyo okanye loncwadi. Waqhula yaye babesebenza Mozart, ancome ukukhanya izicamango zabo, wadala iintlobo lonke, koko wafumana uphuhliso kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi nobuciko. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula "indawo eyoyikisayo 'yakhe, nâzo indlela wezinto a Thriller ... Kodwa ngayo ngoku intetho.

Ngoobani isebenzisa ezakudala mihla isixhobo ezingqondweni zatshintshwa le ophambili, i Gogol enkulu? Injalo loo nto, uViktor Pelevin.

Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula inoveli yayo «Generation P" apho Vavilen Tatarsky ihamba phezu ulwandlalo isebenza ngendlela efanayo ukusuka kwenye isityhilelo wafumana kwimeko ngokwaneleyo komnye. Uxolo, ngoko kutheni na ngoku abahlalutyi boncwadi ihloniphekile kuzo zonke ukuzimisela bathi nguyise postmodernism Russian yi Pelevin? Nokuba ukuzama phantsi umbhali?

It ibali Gogol "Diary of ophambeneyo" basebenzisa ubuchule engaqhelekanga - edibanisa zehlabathi lokwenene elisetyenziswa ukulinganisela ukuze kangangoko obugcisa, kodwa ngelishwa (okanye mhlawumbi ngethamsanqa) ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe. Kwaye, kulandela le logic, siye siqonda ukuba UNikolai kwenkulungwane enesiqingatha eyadlulayo, liqulunqe ngesimbo obugcisa, uze kubizwa ngokuba postmodernism.