Isilinganiso izinyo mass

Ngokutsho amazwi ukwakhiwa rhoqo umthetho, naliphi na ezimbaxa iikhemikhali nyulu ihleli ekwakhiweni eninzi inye akukho ndlela ixhomekeke indlela imveliso yalo, njengoko sasinixelele kuqala sisazinzulu ihlabathi J. Proust ngo-1801-1808 gg. Lo mthetho iye yavela ngenxa ye ngokungenakuphikwa ekhemisi French Proust kunye Jean K. Berthollet. Eyokuqala kwabo babekholelwa ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi iziqalelo ze khompawundi onesiphumo enemo esisigxina, owesibini wabona Ukwahluka obuchopho. ubomi iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci kamva, malunga 1912-1913. NS Kurnakov wasungula ubukho unxibelelwano kunye nohlobo ezahlukeneyo ekwakhiweni, koko wathi "berthollides". Eli qela kuthiwa iikhompawundi crystalline: phosphides, oxides, carbides, kunye nabanye. ukwakhiwa umchiza kunye ngumlinganiswa asisigxina NS isindululo sesayensi Kurnakova yaziwa ngokuba "daltonides". Umthetho usoloko yesebenzayo ngokubhekiselele kwezinto sukube kunye ulwelo.

Umthetho ukubunjwa rhoqo aliqulunqileyo oku kulandela ngokusengqiqweni ukuba izinto izinto ezidibene omnye komnye nje enkulu engqongqo kuphela. Kulo mba, kukho ingqiqo chemistry okulinganayo, yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini lithetha "ngokulinganayo." Xa ilizwi, elingana - a izinto yamasuntswana olunemiqathango ngelo inani elithile amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe kwiiyunithi zabo ifomula ahambelanayo. Naliphi na inani elingana ingqinelana ukuba uhlobo reactants, iqondo kunye nohlobo kulungiselelwa yokusabela wemichiza. Kungenxa inani elinganayo ukwahlula into ethile kwi ekwakhiweni kwezi khompawundi - amaqela eyaziwayo ion okanye iimolekyuli. Xa ngayo uhlobo lotshintshiselwano, umzekelo, ubunzima izinyo ngayo into elingana bubonwa abapasa stoichiometry reaction.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, uninzi izinto okwaziyo zokubumba imidibaniso ezininzi phakathi kwabo. Ngoko ke, lo obulingana element, kwakunye ubunzima izinyo alinganayo, ukuze abe amaxabiso awahlukeneyo, ejonge ukusuka nokwakhiwa kovavanyo compound zaye zachongwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, ngokwemali ezahlukahlukeneyo element inye ngamazinga kunye nenye nje integers encinci. Umzekelo, ubunzima izinyo le elingana carbon kubume wafumana dioxide kunye carbon oxide yahluka kwaye imalunga 3 grams / igala, 6 g / Mol, kunye nesanty sokubekwa kwe ixabiso wafumana silingana ngokomlinganiselo we-1: 2. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkoliso khompawundi liquka ubunzima izinyo kwezilinganiswa hydrogen alinganayo kwelinye, yaye ioksijini - grams ezisibhozo adla nganye. Ezilinganayo - sisixa wenkqu livalelwe apho omnye adla of electron Valence.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukujonga ngokomfuniselo indlela inkulu izinyo ubunzima elingana nantoni element:

• indlela ethe ngqo. Oku ngokususela kwidatha ezifunyenwe kuyondelelaniswe yeehidrojeni ioksijini iikhompawundi ze-element efunekayo.
• indlela engathanga ngqo. Endaweni yoko isebenzisa hydrogen neoksijini kunye nezinye iimpawu elilingana eyaziwa.
• indlela ukufuduka. Oku kubandakanya ukususwa hydrogen evela isisombululo asidi ngokusebenzisa isampuli ezithile zesinyithi.
• Indlela yohlalutyo. Ngokusekelwe ekubaleni ubunzima isabelo sempahla kwenye iikhompawundi yayo.
• indlela Electrochemical usebenzisa data electrolysis.

esilingana izinyo mass isetyenziswa ukwenza izibalo zamanani ngexesha leendibano imichiza phakathi ezaziwayo. A inzuzo ibalulekileyo apha kukuba ukusombulula le ngxaki akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa inxaki yendlela acid, kwakhona kunzima ukubhala. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukwazi ukuba iikhemikhali ababandakanyekayo sebenzisana, okanye iziyobisi - imveliso sokungamelani wemichiza.