Isifo sesifo sengqondo somphunga: inkcazo, izizathu, iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, ukuhlengahlengiswa kunye nokonyango

Ziziphi izifo zamaphaphu emaphakathi? Ukunyangwa kwezi zifo, iimpawu zabo kunye nokwahlula kuya kuchazwa ngezantsi.

Ulwazi oluSiseko

Isifo sesifo sengqondo sesifo sesifo se-lung isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi yezifo ezingapheliyo zomzimba zamaphaphu ezibonakaliswa ukuvuvukala, kunye nokuphulwa kwesakhiwo se-endothelium yamathambo, iindonga ze-alveolar perivasal kunye nama-perilymphatic tissue. Isibonakaliso sesimboso saloo mzimba we-pathological is breathing breath. Esi sibonakaliso sibonakalisa ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwamapulmon.

Isifo sesifo semiphunga ngokuqhelekileyo siholele ekutheni i-pneumofibrosis. Kwimisebenzi yonyango yanamhlanje, eli gama lisetyenzisiwe njengegama eliqhelekileyo le-LES, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswe kule ngqiqo.

Ukwahlula

Nguwuphi umgaqo ohlukeneyo wezifo zamaphaphu emzimbeni? Ukwahlulelwa kwezi zifo kwenzeka ngesiseko se-etiology:

• Ukusabela kumachiza, okanye kunoko, iziza-antibiotics, iziyobisi ezichasayo kunye neziyobisi ze-chemotherapy.
• Ukufuthwa kwezidalwa ezithile kwiindawo eziphilayo (izinto ezingekho kwimvelo kunye nezinto eziphilayo, i-silicosis, i-berylliosis, i-asbestosis, i-alveolitis exogenous exogenous okanye i-pneumonitis hypersensitive).
• Izifo zesisombululo zesistim (i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma, i-systemic lupus erythematosus, i-dermatomyositis).
• Idiopathic (i-histiocytosis X, i-sarcoidosis, i-alveolar proteinosis, i-pneumofibrosis idiopathic, i-idiopathic interstitial alveolitis, kubandakanywa ne-alveolitis ephakathi.
• Izifo (i-pneumocystis pneumonia, inypical pneumonia, isifo sofuba).
• Izifo ezihlangeneyo zesifo semiphunga (kunye nezifo zesibindi: i-cirrhosis ye-biaryary primary, i-hepatitis engapheliyo, kunye ne-vasculitis ye-pulmonary: i-lymphomatoid granulomatosis, i-granulomatosis ye-Wegener, i-vasculitis exersensitive, i-vasculitis ye-system ne-"graft versus host").
• Izidumbu zibuhlungu (carcinomatosis lymphangitis).

Ziziphi i-LES?

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, isifo sengqondo se-lungsiso ligama eliqhelekileyo kwiqela leentsholongwane zokuphefumula. Zidibene nento yokuba zonke zichaphazela i-interstitium, oko kukuthi, inxalenye yemiphunga.

Izicubu zomzimba zibizwa ngokuba zizicubu ezinxulumene nemiphunga. Inika inkxaso yeengxowa zomoya ezincinci kunye ne-alveoli yamaphaphu.

Iinqanawa zegazi ezidlulayo kwi-interstitium zenza umsebenzi wokutshintshwa kwegesi phakathi kwemoya e-airways nasegazini. Izicubu zomzimba zincinci kangangokuba azibonakali kwi x-ray okanye kwi-CT scan. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, isifo sakhe sisenokubonakala kwiinkalo zezi zifundo.

Nasiphi na isifo semisipha yamaphaphu kubangela ukuba ikhuphe. Isimo esinjalo se-pathological sinokubangelwa ngenxa yokuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala, okanye ukunqanda. Ezinye iintlobo zomonakalo kwiisisiti zangaphakathi zihamba ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye zingenakuphulukiswa okanye zingapheliyo.

Izizathu Zokuphuhliswa Kwezifo

Kutheni izifo zomngcwabo zomzimba zenzeka (iinqununu zengcali zonyango ziya kuboniswa ngezantsi)? Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuphuhlisa izilonda zamathambo emiphunga. Ngokomzekelo, i-pneumonia yangaphakathi ibangelwa yiintsholongwane, ibhaktheriya okanye i-fungus. Ukuphuhliswa kwesinye izifo kunokudibaniswa nokuphulukiswa rhoqo kweentlanzi ezifana ne-asbestos, talc, uthuli lwe-quartz, uthuli lensimbi, amalahle okanye okusanhlamvu. Izifo ezingaphantsi kakhulu, izifo zamaphaphu zale qela zenziwa ngenxa yempembelelo yamacandelo ezinambuzane.

Ubungqina be-ISL kukuba zonke ezi zinto zifaka isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezimbalwa kuphela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izizathu zabo zenzeke ziyaziwa.

Iimpawu zesifo

Ukusabalalisa izifo zamaphaphu emzimbeni kubonakala ngokuvuvukala kwimizimba yamaphaphu kunye nomonakalo olandelayo. Iimeko ezinjalo zokugula zihamba kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane. Esi sisona sibonakaliso esibalulekileyo seLAS. Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula akubonakali kakhulu, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba isigulane senze imidlalo okanye nje ukunyuka kwezitepsi, njengoko ivakalelwa ngokukhawuleza.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba i-CAS ibonakaliswe ngumkhuhlane owomileyo. Kwakhona, izigulane zibonakala zilahlekelwa isisindo. Banobuhlungu obudibeneyo kunye neentlungu, ukukhathala. Kwiimeko ezihoxisiwe, umntu ukhulula ngokugqithiseleyo izipikili, kwaye umlomo kunye nolusu luvule okwesibhakabhaka. Iimeko ezinzima zihambelana neqondo eliphantsi le-oksijini egazini.

Ukuxilongwa kwezifo zamaphaphu emzimbeni

Ezi zifo zibonisa njani? Njengomthetho, abantu abane-IZL bayakhalaza kwi-pulmonologist ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula. Ukwenza utyilongo oluchanekileyo, ugqirha usoloko usebenzisa iindlela ezilandelayo zokuhlolwa kwemiphunga:

• Ikhompyutri yekhompyutha. Ndiyabulela kule ndlela, unokwenza umfanekiso opheleleyo wemiphunga, kunye nazo zonke izakhiwo eziseduze. IZIHLOKO zifumaneka kalula kwi-CT.
• X-ray. Uvavanyo olunjalo lwesifuba luvame ukuqhutyelwa ukuvavanya imeko jikelele yenkqubo yepmonta. I-interstitia echaphazelekayo iboniswa kwimifanekiso ngendlela yemigca emihle.

• CT kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu. Izilungiso ezichanekileyo ze-tomograph, kunye nolwazi lweengcali, lwandise kakhulu ukwenziwa koxilongo lwe-LES.
• I-biopsy kunye nokuhlolwa kweesampuli phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ndlela yindlela kuphela yokufumana uhlobo lwesilonda samathambo emiphunga. Iisampuli zakhe zingathathwa ngophando lwe-thoracoscopic oluncediswa yividiyo, i-bronchoscopy okanye i-toraktomy.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iingcali zenza iimvavanyo ezizodwa ukuvavanya umsebenzi wokuphefumula kwangaphandle , kuquka i-spirometry, bodypletizmography kunye nabanye.

Unyango kunye neengcebiso zezonyango

Izifo zamaphaphu zengxowankulu ziindawo ezinzulu zokufuna unyango. Isicwangciso sonyango sezo zifo kufuneka sikhethwe kuphela yi-pulmonologist, kuxhomekeke kwizizathu zokuphuhliswa kwazo kunye nohlobo lomonakalo wesisu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lwe-IBD lwenziwa ngamayeza. Ezi zonyango ziyasebenza kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-pneumonia ye-interstitial from the bacteria.

Ngokwe-pneumonia yentsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo idlula ngokwayo. Akuyimfuneko ukuyiphatha ngamayeza. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba isifo esiqabileyo njengemiphunga ye-fungal pneumonia, isuswa kuphela ngeziyobisi ezikhethekileyo.

Olunye uhlobo lwamayeza asetyenziswa ukuphatha i-iszlin yi-corticosteroids. Ezi ziyobisi ziphelisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala kungekhona kwimiphunga kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ngendlela, ezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo esibuzwayo zinganciphisa kuphela izilonda zamaphaphu, kunye nenkqubo yokwenyusa umsebenzi wabo. Kananjalo baninzi banqanda inkqubo yokuzivikela komzimba ukuze kuncitshiswe inkqubo yokuvuvukala, ekhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Abantu abanomxholo ophantsi we-oxygen kwi-blood system bacebise ukuba baqhube i-oksijeni ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ezi nkqubo ziya kunceda ukuphucula imeko yonke yesigulane, kwaye uzalise imfuno yesifo senhliziyo kwi-O ₂ .

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha bancomela ukuba izigulane zabo zifake ukufakelwa kwemiphunga. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ndlela iyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokulwa nesifo, ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye zihoxisiwe.

Forecast

Kwezinye izigulane, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kuvela kwimvelaphi ye-IZL, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimikhaphu yemiphunga luvela. Amathuba omguli ukufumana okanye ukugqithisa ixesha lokugula kuxhomekeke kwizizathu zokuphuhlisa kwabo, ubunzima kunye nexesha lokuxilongwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-pulmonary fibrosis idiopathic ine-prognosis engafanelekanga.