Irula and Space Khrunichev plant

Le nkampani, kakhulu ngokuthi Missile Plant. Khrunichev (nangona imbali yayo, iye yaba amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo), - ilivo lenzululwazi Russian kunye noshishino. Le nkampani phantse 100 iminyaka. Iimveliso elalenziwe kwisityalo, ngokupheleleyo kungathathwa Kuligugu yesizwe eRashiya. Le yenethiwekhi edume kakhulu ngexabiso "Proton", ethembisa "Angara". Plant Uyilo elinye nathembisayo kuphuhliso kushishino isithuba lwehlabathi - namafutha "zamanzi". amagatya Inkampani bavelise iintlobo enye yemboni aerospace iimveliso Russian.

iimveliso

Enye flagships zoshishino wokhuselo Russian - Rocket kunye Space Plant. Khrunichev. igama layo esemthethweni, Kakade ke, izandi ezahlukeneyo. Ezizezi - i-Federal State qela liphikisayo Enterprise "Uphando State neMveliso Space Centre of MV Khrunichev. " cinezela nje nabemi ukunxibelelana nabanye phezu Igama elifutshane wanamathela - ngoko eli brand eyaziwa ngokuba.

Khrunichev mveliso enyanisweni - a amashishini ezimbalwa ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya. Zavelisa iintlobo ezininzi ngexabiso kunye nobuchwepheshe emajukujukwini. Zeesampulu imveliso idumileyo - ngexabiso "Proton", "i-kosmos-3M", "Rokot" yaye "Angara". Phakathi Uphuhliso ezithembisayo - lokomeleza ngebhegi "izimvu" imijukujelwa.

indaba

Khrunichev isityalo iqalisiwe njengoko automaker ebizwa ngokuba "Russo-Balt-2." Unyaka isiseko salo - th 1917. Noko ke, ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1920 kwaqalisa ukuba bavelise moya eveliswa iiprojekthi-moya Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. Ngo-1950 eli shishini mveliso livelisa ekuhlaseleni "Bison", Myasishev sungula. Ngowe-1961, esi sityalo wafumana igama phantse mihla - "Machine Building Plant ogama emva MI Khrunichev "- yaye baqalisa ukugxininisa imveliso ngexabiso kunye nendawo nobuchwepheshe. Phezu kwawo izizukulwana ezimbalwa imijukujelwa, "Salyut" isikhululo akhululwa yaye "Uxolo". Ngowe-1993, isityalo Khrunichev ufumene igama layo ngoku. isakhiwo sayo kukwaquka Bureau "Bulisani". Ngo-2007, uhlobo okuyo esemthethweni sele yabelwe kwisityalo - kwishishini qela liphikisayo federal karhulumente. izakhiwo amanyeneyo Kukho ezifana, ngokomzekelo, inkampani "Ubude" (eMoscow). Plant. Khrunichev kwakhona idibanisa Bureau ogama. Isayev, Voronezh Mechanical Izityalo, yaye ngowe-2008 wajoyina Perm lweshishini of "Proton-PM ', ngo-2012 - Ust-Katav Plant. SM LaseKirov.

"Proton" rocket

Enye iisampulu ezininzi selo imveliso eyenziweyo yi-Centre for ngokwemikhosi yabo. Khrunichev (izityalo, ukubuyekeza apho abantu baye baba ngomnye iziseko yoluvo loluntu kwamandla ishishini wokhuselo eSoviet - umntu iqhele eMoscow) - ngexabiso "Proton". Wabonakala ekuhambeni ezenzekayo ekudaleni enjalo enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa ur-500. Ekuhambeni yotshintsho ICBMs wabonakala umthuthi "Proton-K", nto leyo eye yaba, ngokoluvo leengcali ezininzi, imodeli iyimpumelelo umjukujelwa yiSoviet kwi ingxenye yayo.

Imali ukusetyenziswa "Proton-K" eyabekwa 1996 (i-satellite European Astra 1F yaphehlelelwa orbit). Kamva, uqala elinesibini eziliqela kubathengi zabucala kuthwalelwa phandle. iinjineli Russian kwakhona aye avelisa inguqulelo "Proton", naphaya kwimveliso umthwalo kwi orbit. Ngubani ukulungiselelwa rocket, leyo kuthiwa "Proton-M" yeyona ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo uthotho yayo.

"Angara" rocket

Uphuhliso kwesithuthi launch "Angara", ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi - yenye yeenkalo eziphambili kurhwebo indawo Russian. Ku yonke intsapho imijukujelwa (okt ezo ezivela iklasi "lula", kwakunye nezo ukuba iziphathi "enzima").

Kulindeleke ukuba ezinye iisampulu zinokuzisa komzila ukuya kwiitoni 35 imithwalo. Eyona Uphuhliso okhuphisana Russian - Falcon irula (kwinguqulelo "heavy ') yenkampani American SpaceX. An into umdla kukuba apha kukho ukruthakruthwano phakathi iqumrhu likarhulumente kunye nesiqingatha senkulungwane yembali kunye nenkampani oselula kakhulu yabucala, wadala ukusuka ekuqaleni. Uphuhliso "Angara" iimodyuli ngexesha elifanayo sele inxaxheba Moscow kuphela - Plant. Khrunichev wafumana amahlakani eMzantsi Korea. Ngqo ukusetyenziswa kunye ngexabiso "Angara" namafutha wadala "izimvu", eyenzelwe runs ezininzi.

Namafutha "izimvu"

Works "izimvu" ilula ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ngexesha elinye enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ngoncedo lwe somelezi irula isigaba liphuma ukuya kubude malunga-70 km. Ngoko ke injini kuvuliwe "Ophalaza", emva koko umjukujelwa ukujikeleza. "Izimvu" kaloku ukhipha ukusuka isithuthi wabuyela Earth ngathi moya. Emva kokuba ukuhlolwa kwaye wenze naluphi na utshintsho oluyimfuneko ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona: iiprojekthi Khrunichev isityalo sibonwa umphakathi, uthi "izimvu" i phezulu emoyeni amaxesha 25 (kodwa ekuhambeni yokuphucula eli nani ngokwenene wazise entsonkothileyo ukuya ku-200).

Eyona iqabane kwisityalo. Khrunichev kwi projekthi of "izimvu" - NPO "Molniya". Kuthathwa ukuba namafutha liya kuba ubunzima lokuqala malunga 130,4 iitoni kunye nobude kwe-27 m kunye ububanzi (embindini) ka-2.9 m candelo iqhosha "edikeni" -. Module enomjukujelwa Onemisebenzi (URM) bexhotyiswe umsila, iphiko, powerplant , isisu semoto nezinye iinkqubo.

iinjini

Ntombi isakhiwo iziko nabo. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" - iqokelela iintlobo ezininzi iinjini kushishino aerospace le. Ngokwembali, iiyunithi zokuqala M-11 ezinyuselwe moya PO-2. Kwiminyaka emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwi isityalo esaqala ngayo ukuvelisa iinjini Ash-62IR, M14V26 kunye nezinye iisampuli yesixa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo moya. Ekubeni 50 ubudala 'e Voronezh iqalisa ukuvelisa iinjini isithuba-ngexabiso: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (ukuba imiselwe ku "Proton") kunye nezinye iiyunithi eliphezulu-zobugcisa.

Ngoku mveliso usebenza ngokusekwa imveliso RD-191 ngexabiso "Angara". Okwangoku, phakathi iinkampani Russian VSW kuphela kusenokubakho ukukhululwa iinjini moya piston. Units ekhutshwe Voronezh, zibekwe kwi uqeqesho kunye moya emidlalo, yaye ntaka ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.