Iron ukususela ngentsimbi yohlukile abangaboniyo?

Umntu Maloosvedomlonny ucinga ukuba engundoqo izinto zokwakha of namhlanje yentsimbi. Eyazi uyazi ukuba igama elithi "metal" libhekisela aluminiyamu yentsimbi-carbon - zentsimbi uphose yentsimbi. Kubonakala ngathi izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye kulula kakhulu ukwahlula. Noko ke, banikwe uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo kwaye uphawula umahluko umgca entle ekwakhiweni eekhemikhali ezinye zazo kunzima ukuyiqonda. Kubalulekile ukuba izakhono ezongezelelweyo ukuze ukwazi impendulo yalo mbuzo: waphosa isinyithi intsimbi ngaphezu ezahlukeneyo?

iron uphose

An ukwakheka ingxubevange ayoni, kwekhabhoni isixa 2,14-6,67, isalfure, phosphorus, manganese, lesilicon kunye nezinye nezongezelelo, ekuthiwa ihagu yentsimbi. Imbali ukunyibilikisa yaqala kwi-Iron Age. Enye into ebalulekileyo lwezakhiwo, le iintsimbi isiseko iphela steelmaking.

iimpawu:

1. Lirhabaxa ukuba umbala matte engwevu.
2. Ukunyibilika ngo 1000-1600˚S ngokuxhomekeke ekwakhiweni (nge-avareji ye-mveliso - 1000-1200˚S zinyibilikile ihagu intsimbi emhlophe kunye kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu).
3. Density 7200-7600 kg / m ^3.
4. ubushushu ngqo: 540 J / (Kum).
5. yobulukhuni High: 400-650NV.
6. ductility Low, ivuthu- kakhulu xa phantsi kwingcinezelo; amaxabiso kakhulu zobude iye ductile ductile yentsimbi δ = 6-12%.
7. amandla eliphantsi: 100-200 MPA ukwenzela ixabiso layo ductile egqitha 300-370 MPA, kumabakala athile eliphezulu - 600-800 MPA.
8. Ebezisenziwa yi unyango ubushushu, kodwa kunqabile, kwaye ngononophelo olukhulu, ekubeni uphawu inkqubo ng.
9. Doped ukusebenzisa imichiza abangabancedani, kodwa iqondo elikhulu nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngakumbi nzima iinkqubo processing.
10. It luphawulwa weldability ngokwanelisayo, machinability elungileyo, iimpawu ezigqwesileyo eyahlulayo. Nzini, bexhentsa ayikwazi ukuba.
11. Good ukumelana lingonakali kunye nokumelana.

Iron - izinto amalungu omzimba, iiyunithi, izahlulo umatshini eyenziweyo ngokwenza. It is a yingxam engundoqo feedstock ukuba kunyityilikiswa intsimbi.

steel

Iron-carbon ingxubevange eziquka kwekhabhoni isixa hayi ngaphezulu kwe 2.14%, nentsimbi - hayi ngaphantsi kwe-45%, i-sobhedu kuthiwa. eziphambili zayo:

1. Smooth, inombala yesilivere kunye Ndileka eyahlukileyo.
2. Ukunyibilika ngaphakathi 1450˚S.
3. Ukuxinana ivela 7700 ukuya 7900 kg / m ^3.
4. Ubushushu umthamo kubushushu igumbi 462 J / (Kum).
5. yobulukhuni Low, umlinganiselo 120-250 HB.
6. Akhona eXcellent plasticity: zobude factor δ for yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo kuyahlukahlukana ngaphakathi 5-35% kuninzi - δ≥20-40%.
7. Amaxabiso athetha olunamandla ukuba izibonelelo zezakhiwo - 300-450 MPA; ngokuba phezulu-amandla ingxubevange - 600-800 MPA.
8. iipropati Good iSADC ilungiswe ubushushu kunye himikotermicheskoy processing.
9. doped kwez izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo imichiza ngenjongo zeepropati ukutshintsha nenjongo.
10. ukusebenza ngokomgangatho eliphezulu weldability, workability kunye noxinzelelo ahlabayo.
11. Luphawulwa nokumelana eliphantsi.

Steel - a aluminium lwesakhiwo enkulu yokunyibilikisa isinyithi mihla, ubunjineli ngoomatshini, lezixhobo neteknoloji.

Siza kuqinisekisa imvelaphi iinkcukacha uhlobo

Ekubeni ingqalelo iimpawu eneenkcukacha zezi aluminiyamu, kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa ulwazi yesinyithi ukusuka awafani ngentsimbi. Xa into otyhidiweyo, ungathandabuzi imvelaphi yayo, esisiso nangoko khumbula iimpawu eziphambili zahluke zobugcisa. Ngoko ke, uphose intsimbi - izinto ngodongwe. Ngenxa uvelisa isidlo elula, iityhubhu eziqinileyo, casings umatshini, Motors, izinto ezinkulu uqwalaselo ezilula. Kweendawo zentsimbi eyenziwe zabo bonke ubukhulu nokuntsonkotha, ekubeni oku isicelo elibenze, bexhentsa, ukuzoba, ukuziqengqa kunye nezinye iindlela ukuze uxinzelelo ukusebenza isinyithi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umbuzo malunga ngemvelaphi kugunyaziso Alithandabuzeki - oku ngentsimbi. Ukuba unomdla imvelaphi a kukungxawu elikhulu - ukuba yintsimbi. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda koko wenza izindlu-mafutha okanye crankshaft - kufuneka asebenzise ezinye iindlela ukuze sokwaziwa njengalo zombini kunokwenzeka.

iimpawu umbala and analysis ubu

Ukuze ukwazi ukwahlula indlela yentsimbi ukusuka yesinyithi iliso, kufuneka ukhumbule malunga umahluko omkhulu ezibonwayo. Kuba esiveza yentsimbi matte umbala engwevu texture rough lwangaphandle. Steel lubonakala ngokuba esikhethekileyo nombala yakhe brilliant ubuhle kunye abahlukunyezwa kuncinane.

Kwakhona ulwazi ebalulekileyo malunga ukwahlula indlela yentsimbi ukususela ngentsimbi abangaboniyo, inkcazelo malunga plasticity kwezi zinto. Ukuba uvavanyo workpiece okanye metal izinto abanazo ixabiso enzulu, nibe nako ukuwenzela Ungazama ngamandla kunye ductility ngokusebenzisa amandla umxhelo. intsimbi ethe ukuwa zibe ziingceba, lo gama i-sobhedu zikhubazekile kuphela. Xa imithwalo kakhulu mayijoliswe ku lityumza, chips zentsimbi ocoliweyo afunyanwa iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye amaqhekeza ngentsimbi - ezinkulu, lo lolungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo.

Sika eweva

Indlela yokwahlukanisa intsimbi ukususela ngentsimbi kweli khaya? Kuyimfuneko ukuba kwamkela kuyo uthuli entle okanye pine. Ekubeni steel iye ductility phezulu, kwaye chips oko onesimilo izvivisty. intsimbi waphosa ibonakala xa ukugrumba izithole kwakhiwa ngokwaphulwa nzulu kunye eluthulini.

Ngokuba uluthuli, ungasebenzisa ifayile okanye rasp kunye kumngcipheko encinane ukujongela nomdla iinkcukacha. kwisiphumo se pine entle ukuqwalasela ngasekunene okanye iphepha elimhlophe ephepheni. intsimbi Siphose iqulethe kwekhabhoni isixa esikhulu ngokohlobo maqhuqhuva mifanekiso. Ngoko ke, xa ngokukhuhla uthuli lwakhe uhlala grafayithi black "umkhondo". Le yodidi carbon efanayo sikwimo abotshelelweyo, ngoko ke ifuthe mechanical kwi uthuli ayiniki naziphi na iziphumo ezibonakalayo.

Ukuze nokushisa iintlantsi

Indlela yokwahlukanisa intsimbi ukususela ngentsimbi? Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nokubonelelwa encinane nomonde.

Kwimeko yokuqala, uyakwazi ukubhenela kubushushu, umzekelo, usebenzisa blowtorch, enxibe ekuqaleni iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zokhuselo kunye nokugcina imithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini. Iqondo lobushushu kufuneka kwandiswe phambi kokuqala ukunyibilikisa isinyithi. Kubonakala ukuba iqondo lobushushu intsimbi yokunyibilikisa ngaphezu koko ngentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusebenza ngokuyintloko ayina ezimhlophe ihagu. On zonke iintlobo zoshishino - ziqulathe kwekhabhoni imali angekho ngaphezulu kwe-4.3% linyibilike sele kwi 1000-1200˚S. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba anyibilike ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

indlela Cognitive zokufumana ulwazi malunga intsimbi evela awafani sobhedu ukusetyenziswa kwisampula zovavanyo umatshini lokusila, okanye uluhlu bok yayiyazi. Uhlalutyo olwenziwe phezu iimpawu iintlantsi. Ngokuba ukhahlelwe intsimbi luphawulwa iintlantsi buthuntu obomvu, kunye for steel - itshatshazi blinding imitha omfutshane namona emhlophe-yellow.

njengoko kuvakala

Into umdla kukuba ukwahlula indlela yentsimbi ukusuka isandi sentsimbi. Ezi ingxubevange ezimbini sound ezahlukeneyo. Akukho mfuneko ukuvelisa zomculo phezu kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo zovavanyo. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba zombini isampulu okanye baye ukuva kulo mbandela. Steel onokuxinana ephakamileyo, nto leyo echaphazela isandi sawo. Phezu amandla kunye isandi metal injongosenzi kakhulu sonorous ngaphezu kule meko efanayo yentsimbi.

Ukuze uyazi, intsimbi ukusuka awafani ziintsimbi, kuyafuneka ukuba ulwazi ezinye zezi zinto kunye namava. Ngapha koko, i yobungcali abanamava entsimini yacaca, besila, umama, ukubhola, sijike, unyango ubushushu, okanye welding, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi okanye ezintanjeni ukuba ukwahlula ngokulula phakathi kwabo, ukwishiba abangaboniyo kuphela okanye ngaphandle kwebala.