Iqela lohlanga lweelwimi: zeentlanga

Imbali esemthethweni ithi ulwimi Turkish ezavelayo leminyaka yokuqala BC, xa izizwe yokuqala ukuba ngamalungu eli qela. Kodwa ke, njengoko kuboniswe izifundo yakutshanje, wabonakala ulwimi kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kukho uluvo lokuba ulwimi Turkish osuke ulwimi yamandulo oluthethwa bonke abemi Eurasia, njengoko kwebali kwiNqaba yaseBhabheli. Isenzeko iphambili ulwimi zamaTurkic - iye zazingekaguquki amawaka amahlanu iminyaka ikho. Imibhalo bamaSumeri yamandulo kusekho Kazakhs bha, ngathi iincwadi mihla.

ukwanda

ETurkey iqela ulwimi inkulu kakhulu. Ukuba ujonga indawo, nabantu, ukuba ukunxibelelana ngeelwimi efanayo, ngoko aphile ngasentshonalanga nomda eTurkey buqala empumalanga - Ukuzilawula District Xinjiang China i-, kumntla - i-East Siberian ulwandle nomzantsi - Khorasan.

Okwangoku, inani eliqikelelwayo labantu abathetha zamaTurkic - 164 million, eli nani phantse ngokulinganayo bonke abantu Russia. Ngelo xesha kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga iqela indlela ehlelwe ngayo iilwimi eTurkey. Luhlobo olunjani iilwimi ume ngaphandle kweli qela, cinga ngakumbi. Key: Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Turkmen, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Uygur, ukubola, Bashkir, Chuvash, Balkar, Karachai, Kumyk, Noghai, Tuvinian, Khakassky, Sakha et al.

Izizwe lohlanga abathetha yamandulo

Siyazi ukuba ngokubanzi kakhulu kulo Eurasia zamaTurkic kwiqela lweelwimi. Abantu abathetha ngoko kumaxesha amandulo wabizwa nje - baseTurkey. owona msebenzi wabo iinkomo namantshontsho nezolimo. Kodwa musa ukuthatha zonke iintlanga mihla iqela lolwimi zamaTurkic njengoko inzala iqela yamandulo uhlanga. Emva kwamawaka eminyaka igazi labo ugalelwe ioli igazi namanye amaqela izizwe Asia, kwaye ngoku ke ingcambu Turks ayikho apho.

Ukuze abantu bamandulo beli qela ziquka:

• Turcuts - izizwe azinza kwi weentaba zeAltai kwi BC ngenkulungwane 5;
• Pechenegs - kuvele ekupheleni kwenkulungwane IX kwaye belimiwe indawo ephakathi Kievan Rus, Wenger, u-Alan kunye Mordovia;
• Polovtsian - ukubonakala umhlambi wakhe Pechenegs baba inkululeko-onothando kakhulu kwaye nochuku;
• Hun - kuvele II-IV kwiinkulungwane yaye zilawulwa ukudala imo enkulu ukusuka iVolga ukuya iRhine, ukusuka apho waya Avars and Hungarians;
• Bulgarians - ezi izizwe bamandulo wathabatha iintlanga ezifana Chuvash, nangezinto, Bulgarians, Karachai, Balkars.
• Khazars - izizwe emikhulu, wakwazi ukwakha imeko yabo, ukuze kuchithwe Hun;
• Turks Oguz - lusungulo Turkmens, Azerbaijani abahlala Selcuk;
• Karluk - wayehlala Central Asia kwi VIII-XV eminyaka.

ngezigaba

iqela lohlanga lweelwimi kucalulo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Kunoko, zonke mbali inikeza uguqulelo yaso, nto leyo eya kuba yahlukile kwezinye utshintsho olungephi. Sinikezela na ukhetho kakhulu ethandwa:

1. Bulgar qela. Ummeli kuphela ezikhoyo ngoku - ilelesiChuvash.
2. Iqela Yakut - oku yeyona lasempuma yabantu iqela lolwimi eTurkey. Abahlali bathi Yakut kunye Dolgan neziyelelane.
3. South Siberian - kweli qela thaca iilwimi izizwe, abahlala ubukhulu becala kwemida Russian Federation engasezantsi eSiberia.
4. South East, okanye Karluk. Imizekelo - iilwimi Uzbek kunye Uighur.
5. Ntshonalanga, okanye Kipchak iqela - zimelwe beentlanga ezininzi, uninzi lwabo abahlala kwintsimi yawo ezimeleyo, ezifana AmaTatar, Kazakhs, Kirghiz.
6. Ntshonalanga, okanye Oguz. Iilwimi ifakiwe qela - Turkmen, salarsky Turkish.

Okulandelayo, cinga ukuba abantu iqela lolwimi zamaTurkic bahlala kummandla Russian Federation.

Yakuts

On nommandla wayo abantu basekuhlaleni embiza ngokwabo nje - Sakha. Ngenxa yoko igama laloo mmandla - the Republic of Sakha. Abanye abameli nabo bahlala kwezinye iindawo ezikufuphi. Yakuts - oku yeyona lasempuma yabantu iqela lolwimi eTurkey. Inkcubeko kunye amasiko abolekwe kwizizwe yamandulo abahlala kumathafa kumbindi we Asia.

Khakassia

Ukuze benze oku, abantu wathatha kummandla - the Republic of Khakassia. Nantsi anokuvela enkulu Khakassia - malunga 52 amawaka abantu. ngamawaka aliqela baye baphila kwi Tula kunye Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Shor

Inani omkhulu olu hlanga ngo kwiinkulungwane XVII-XVIII. Ngoku kukho iqela elincinane uhlanga, elo lifumaneka kuphela emazantsi kummandla Kemerovo. Ukusukela namhlanje, inani elincinane kakhulu, abantu malunga 10 amawaka.

yaseTuva

Tuvan bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu, ezahlukeneyo ngentetho ezinye iimpawu. Ahlale yaseTuva (Tyva). Yeyona yasempuma bezizwana embalwa zamaTurkic iqela lolwimi esihlala kumda kunye neTshayina.

Tofalars

Olu hlanga phantse shwaka. Ngokutsho kubalo-2010, kwiilali eziliqela kummandla Irkutsk ikwazile ukufumana abantu 762.

Siberia nangezinto

lwesigodi esempuma Tatar - ulwimi kuthathwa ukuba yesizwe YaseSiberia nangezinto. Oku kwakhona iqela zamaTurkic kweelwimi. Abantu beli qela inabantu olundwendwe Russia. Baya zifumaneka kwiindawo zasemaphandleni Tyumen, eOmsk, naseNovosibirsk kunye nabanye.

Dolgan

Iqela elincinane abahlala kwiindawo kumntla Nenets Ukuzilawula District. Bade babe kwisithili kamasipala - Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abameli Dolgan abantu 7500 kuphela eseleyo.

zeAltai

iqela lohlanga kweelwimi iquka Lexicon yabemi zeAltai Republic. Ke kaloku, kule ndawo nga ukuqhelana ngokukhululekileyo kunye nenkcubeko kunye namasiko abantu bamandulo.

ithi lohlanga athetha Independent

Namhlanje, kukho amathandathu ithi ezahlukeneyo ezizimeleyo, ogama ubuzwe kwabantu bomthonyama eTurkey. Oku kuqala Kazakhstan kunye Kyrgyzstan. Kakade ke, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Kwaye musa ukulibala malunga Uzbekistan kunye Azerbaijan, nto leyo kanye ezifanayo kwiqela zamaTurkic kweelwimi.

ummandla wabo izimele nje Uighurs. It ise-China, wambiza Xinjiang. Kule ndawo kwakhona ekhaya nakwezinye izizwe enxulumene baseTurkey.

Kirghiz

iqela lohlanga iilwimi ikakhulu iquka Kyrgyzstan. Eneneni, Kyrgyz okanye Kirghiz - oku ke abameli ezininzi yamandulo Turks abahlala kummandla Eurasia. I ikhankanya yokuqala Kirghiz efumaneka 1 amawaka. BC. e. Phantse imbali yayo yonke sizwe nommandla wayo nokumkani, kodwa kwangaxeshanye akwazi ukugcina isithethe nenkcubeko yabo. I-Kirghiz baze baqonde "Ashar" intsingiselo intsebenziswano, intsebenziswano kunye nentsebenziswano.

emathafeni naye sele kudala bahlala kwiindawo gqa. Oku nako, kodwa kuchaphazela isimilo ezinye iinkalo. Aba bantu banobubele kakhulu. Xa kusetyenziswa ukulungisa umntu omtsha efika, wathi kum iindaba ukuba akukho namnye unako ukuva ngaphambili. Ngeli undwendwe wawongwa ephatha kakhulu. OyiNgcwele funda nokubuyekezwa wagqiba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Kazakhs

ETurkey iqela ulwimi ayikwazanga khona ngaphandle Kazakhs. Oku ke abantu abaninzi zininzi zamaTurkic abahlala hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe, kodwa ehlabathini lonke.

Kazakhs Folkways ungqongqo gqitha. Abantwana ebuntwaneni ukhulele imithetho engqongqo, bafundiswa ukuba noxanduva kunye nzima. Kuba ingqiqo le zesizwe "ihashe" - ikratshi nabantu, umntu, ukuze zonke iindleko ukukhusela ubuqaqawuli tribesman nabo okanye abakhe.

Xa ebe Kazakhs nangoku kukho ukwahlukana okucacileyo phakathi "white" kunye "black". Kweli hlabathi namhlanje ukuba ithe ayaba elide nentsingiselo yawo, kodwa yokutyiwa iingqiqo ezindala isagciniwe nangoku. Faka nayiphi na imilo Kazakh kukuba kunokuba zombini efanayo kunye aseYurophu, yaye Chinese.

Turks

iqela lohlanga kweelwimi iquka Turkish. Ngokwembali, Turkey ubusoloko wasebenza ngokusondeleyo ne-Russia. Kwaye njalo, la nobudlelwane ziye ngoxolo. AseByzantium kamva Ottoman, zabakho ngaxeshanye Kievan Rus. Nokuba ke, baba impixano yokuqala ngaphezu ilungelo lokulawula kuLwandle Black. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo uvulele nangakumbi, echaphazela kakhulu ubudlelwane phakathi Russian kunye nesiTurkish.

Turks aba oyinqaba kakhulu. Okokuqala, oko kubonakala phezu ezinye iimpawu zazo. Bathi singapheli, nomonde kunye nabalulamileyo kakhulu ebomini. Ukuziphatha abameli isizwe balumke kakhulu. Nokuba unomsindo, abazange ukuvakalisa ukungoneliseki kwabo. Kodwa ngoku ke kwinto umsindo ukuziphindezela. Kwiimeko kakhulu, baseTurkey aba zinzima kakhulu. Abanako uncumo ebusweni, yaye emva ngamayelenqe ngenxa yenzuzo.

I Turks babengabafundi kakhulu malunga unqulo lwabo. umthetho ezimandundu Muslim kufuna inyathelo ngalinye kubomi Turk. Umzekelo, bakwazi ukumbulala ongakholwayo kwaye ukuba babethwe. Nale phawu inomnye umsebenzi - a sengqondo esinjalo malunga non-Muslims.

isiphelo

abantu eTurkey abathetha - iqela elikhulu uhlanga ehlabathini. Inzala baseTurkey amandulo lahlala phezu onke amazwekazi, kodwa inkoliso ubomi babo kwintsimi zemveli - in zeAltai kwiiNtaba kwaye kumazantsi eSiberia. Abantu abaninzi ikwazile ukugcina bangoobani ngaphakathi kwimida geqe.