IQ yeEinstein. Yintoni i-IQ yi-Einstein. Uluhlu lwabantu abahlakaniphile kakhulu emhlabeni

Abantu bathanda ukuvavanya. Ukuthelekiswa kwezibonakaliso zomzimba kunye nesimo semali kulula, kodwa akulula ukuvavanya iingqondo. Nangona kunjalo, lo msebenzi uhlale uphakathi koluntu: kwaye xa umntu eqeshwe (ingakumbi kwimibutho karhulumente kunye nophando), kwaye xa abafundi bebhaliswe kumaziko emfundo. Kukho impawu ezimbalwa zokufaneleka, ukwenzela ukuhlolwa kweenjongo, iimpawu ezifunekayo. Yaye kwaye njani ukulinganisa ingqondo?

Uvavanyo oluphumelelayo luka-Alfred Binet ekuhloleni abantwana besikolo saseFransi

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokugqibela, isazi seengqondo saseFransi uA. Binet, egameni lika rhu lumente, lavelisa iimvavanyo kubafundi besikolo eParis. Injongo yayikukuhlola abantwana bakwazi ukufunda. Ukuvavanya iziphumo zokuvavanywa, i-Binet yenze i-coefficient ebonisa ukuba uphuhliso lwengqondo lwabafundi luphezulu okanye luphantsi kuneminyaka yobudala. Ukuba umntwana oneminyaka elishumi ubudala wasombulula iingxaki zomntu oneminyaka elishumi elinanye ubudala, ngoko-coefficient yakhe yayineeyunithi ezili-110. Ekubaleni ubudala bengqondo (kule minyaka 11 iminyaka) yahlula yaba yiminyaka eyi-10 - kwaye yanda ngamashumi a-100.

Izabelo zaqulunqwa ukwenzela ukuba ininzi yabantwana benze zonke iimvavanyo zeqela labo elidala, okokuthi, umlinge ophakathi kwabafundi abaneminyaka eli-100 ubudala. Ukuba umfundi akazange akwazi ukujamelana nale mi sebenzi kunye nemisebenzi emibini eyimfuneko, ngoko ke ubuchule bakhe bungaphantsi kwama-100. Kule meko, Kwakudingeka enze isicelo esikhethekileyo esikolweni.

Ukuqaliswa kweengcali ze- IQ nokuphuhlisa iimvavanyo kubantu abadala

Iziphumo ze-Psychologist zaseFransi zazimangalisa kakhulu kwaye zafunyanwa ngabangcali beengqondo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Indlela yakhe yokuvandlakanywa kwamanani eengqondo yamukelwa njengesiseko kwaye yandiswa kuwo onke amaqela. Kubantu abadala, indlela yokubala yenziwe enye, kodwa ingcamango yahlala yinto efanayo.

Isiqalo sokuqala sengqondo kubantu abadala sakhiwe ngo-1939 nguDkt Veksler. IQ (i-intelligence quoteï) ibonisa ukuba umntu othile ulunge okanye ulunge ngakumbi ekuxazululeni iingxaki zeengqondo ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ophakathi. Umgangatho omyinge uthathwa njengama-100. Kukholelwa ukuba i-IQ inikezela ubungqiqo bobunzima bomntu. Ukuba uneminyaka engama-90-110, ngoko umntu unako ubuchule obuphakathi. Ukuba i-IQ ihleli kwi-120-130, ngoko ubuchule bomntu buphezulu ngaphezu komyinge. Ukuba i-IQ ingaphezu kwama-140-ke umntu uyisigeni. Abo bantu abavavanywayo babonisa iziphumo ezingaphantsi kwama-70 bacingelwa ukuba bahlaziywe ngengqondo.

Ixesha elifanayo i-IQ lafakwa kwi-jogglogi yaseJamani uWilhelm Stern ngo-1912. Yaye yintoni inqanaba le-IQ kubantu abadumileyo? Ngaba ngabapolitiki, abalawuli bamazwe, izazinzulu? Umzekelo, yintoni i-IQ eyayi-Einstein? Siza kuxubusha oku ngakumbi.

Uvavanyo lwe-Eysenck - oludumileyo, kodwa alukho oluchanekileyo

Ngaphambi kokuba ufumene ukuba i-IQ Einstein yayinayo, makhe sithethe ngolu vavanyo oludumileyo, onokuyinqumanisa indlela yalo. Omnye wabokuqala ukunyamezela ukuphuhlisa iimvavanyo zokuvavanya i-IQ kubantu abadala kwakuyi-psychologist yaseBrithani yemvelaphi yaseJalimane uHans Jürgen Eysenck (1916-1997). Uqhube uphando, wabhala amanqaku kunye neencwadi, kwaye wazisa iintetho. Akunabo bonke oososayensi abavumelene nemibono yakhe, kodwa iimvavanyo zika-Eysenck ngelo xesha zazicingwa kakhulu kwaye zisebenza ngokulula, ngoko ke zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo.

Iimvavanyo ze-Eysenck zenzelwe abantu abaneemfundo zasesekondari kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kuma-50. Isiphumo esiphezulu se-IQ sovavanyo lwe-Eysenck ngamaqondo angama-180.

Uvavanyo ngalunye luqulethwe ngetekisi, imisebenzi yedijithali kunye nezobugcisa, isisombululo saso sifunwa ngoncedo lweengcamango. Ubunzima bemisebenzi buyanda. Uvavanyo luqukethe imibuzo engama-40, isisombululo esinikwe imizuzu engama-30. ImiSebenzi yenzelwe ngendlela enokuthi ibonakaliswe ngokucacileyo. Akukho mfuneko yokusombulula yonke imisebenzi.

Iimvavanyo ze-Eysenck zisetyenziswe ngoku ngoku, nangona kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezidalwe ngabanye ososayensi (D. Wexler, J. Raven, R. Amthauer, R. B. Kettell.) Ukunika uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwezinga lolwazi. Kodwa zonke zichitha ixesha. Akukho mgangatho omnye weimvavanyo ze-IQ okwangoku. Yaye yintoni u-Einstein's IQ kuvavanyo lukaEysenck? Kungekudala uza kufumanisa malunga nalo.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwexabiso le-IQ kunye noqeqesho

Iingcali zengqondo zenze uvavanyo oluninzi lwabantu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu kwaye zafumana iziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Ixabiso elilinganiselwayo le-IQ phakathi kwabasebenzi abangaqeqeshiweyo ngama-87. Abasebenzi basemaphandleni kunye nabasebenzi baseziqinisekiso eziphakathi kwe-IQ 92. Abasebenzi base-Ofisi, abathengisi, abasebenzi abanezakhono kunye nabasebenzi beqela le-IQ kummandla wama-101 amanqaku. Abaphathi kunye nabalawuli bamanqaku angama-104. Kubantu abanemfundo ephakamileyo ye-IQ ngamanqaku angama-114, abaviwa beSayensi bafika kuma-125.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ezi ngongoma eziqhelekileyo zezinga lobuchule kwiqela lezifundo. Ababango ukuba phakathi kwamafama akuyi kuba nomntu one-IQ yamanqaku angama-110, kwaye phakathi kwabafundi abaphumeleleyo kwiziko apho abayi kuba nabantu abanomlinganiselo we-90.

Yaye yintoni na isalathisi isazi senzululwazi uEinstein Albert? IQ kufuneka ukuba, ngokungqinelana nolwazi olungentla, akukho ngaphantsi kwama-125. Ewe, ngoku uya kufumanisa impendulo kumbuzo oyintloko.

Umgangatho we-IQ we-Einstein kunye nezinye iziganeko zembali

Umdali weengcali ezikhethekileyo zobudlelwane, u- Albert Einstein, mhlawumbi usosayensi owaziwayo kakhulu kwixesha lethu. Uninzi lwabantu abayaziyo ngaye, mcingeni njengomntu onobuchule. Ngoko ingakanani i-IQ e-Einstein?

Ngethuba lokufa kwakhe, izifundo malunga nokubala kwe-IQ zazifumana ukukhula, kwaye iimvavanyo zika-Eysenck Einstein azizange zidlule. Kodwa izazinzulu zifuna ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kwaye zaza ngeendlela ezichanekileyo zokuvavanya ingqondo. Kwindlela ye-Svenson-Crane, umzekelo, uhlalutyo lokuziphatha kunye namazwi omlomo ahlalutyiweyo. Uvavanyo lwe-IQ Einstein lubonise iziphumo ezintle. Ngama-akhawunti onke, kwavela ukuba i-IQ ye-physicist enkulu ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-160, okanye nayo yonke i-200. Ukusasazwa kuchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqikelelwa kunye nesethi eyahlukileyo yedatha yokuqala. Umphandi ngamnye uvikela indlela yakhe kunye neziphumo zakhe. Ayikho imbono eqhelekileyo kulo mbandela.

I nqanaba le-IQ kwezinye iimbali zobuntu

Ingqiqo yamanye amanani eembali yahlolwa kwakhona ngendlela engathanga ngqo. Ifilosofi uBenedikt Spinoza ye-IQ yayingu-175 amaphuzu, uBlaise Pascal 171, uIsake Newton 190, uLeonard da Vinci 180, uCharles Darwin 165. Unokufumana idatha yezinye iinzululwazi zengcali zezobupolitika zangaphambili. Umbuzo wukuthi wenze ntoni nale nkcazelo ... U-Einstein ngokwakhe wayengaqinisekanga kakhulu malunga nokukwazi ukuqikelela ubungako bengqondo bomntu ngamanani.

Abantu abanezikolo eziphezulu ze-IQ

Ehlabathini kukho iqela leMensa International, apho abantu abanexabiso eliphezulu le-IQ bathatyathwa. Wonke umntu unokugqithisa uvavanyo kwaye, ukuba kukho i-IQ ephakamileyo, makungeniswe kule club. Kuze kube yimhla, iqela linamaqela angaphezu kwewaka lamawaka avela kwihlabathi lonke. Phakathi kwabo kukho izazinzulu, abaculi, ezopolitiko, abafundi, abaqhubi.

Amazinga aphezulu kukuba:

• UTerence Tao (i-mathematician, Australia, IQ 230).
• UMarilyn Vos Savant (intatheli, eU.SA, i-IQ 228).
• UChristopher Hirata (i-astrophysicist, iU.SA, i-IQ 225).
• UKung Ung-Jong (wezibalo, eMzantsi Korea, i-IQ 210).

Uninzi lwabantu abaziwayo kwihlabathi linabo i-IQ ephezulu. Ngokomzekelo, abasunguli beMicrosoft Paul Allen kunye noBill Gates banee-IQ ze-170 kunye ne-160, ngokulandelanayo. Ku-A. Schwarzenegger IQ 135, owayengumongameli uBill Clinton unama-IQ 137. UBrad Pitt unama-IQ 119, u-Angelina Jolie unama-118.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba abantu abaneengqondo eziqhelekileyo banakho ukuthandwa. Naba abanini be-IQ ephantsi, eyaziwa kwaye ethandwa ngumntu wonke:

• UBruce Willis ungumdlali waseMelika, IQ = 101.
• UBritney Spears ngumculi waseMelika wase-pop, IQ = 98.
• U-Muhammad Ali ungumbhokisi we-American, IQ = 78.
• USylterter Stallone - umlingisi waseMerika, umgcini we-screenwriter kunye nomlawuli, IQ = 54.

Ziziphi izinto ezixhomekeke kwiziganeko zengqondo zengqondo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo

• Intelligle ikhula ngokusesikweni kwiminyaka yobuntwana kunye nentsha kwaye ifinyelele kwinqanaba layo malunga neminyaka engama-26. Kwixesha elizayo, lihlala kwizinga elinye okanye liwa. Kodwa ngendlela efanelekileyo yobomi kunye noqeqesho oluqhelekileyo, i-coefficient ye-intelligence iphakama.
• Kwinqanaba elikhulu, i-IQ imiselwe yimpawu zobomi (malunga ne-80%), kodwa iimeko zokuphila, ngakumbi ebuntwaneni, zichaphazela ubukhulu bayo.
• Kukho uxhulumaniso phakathi kwexabiso le-IQ yabemi belizwe kunye noqoqosho lwayo, ukuphuhliswa kwamaziko enkululeko kunye nenkolo.
• Izibheno zihlala ziqhutywa ngabantu abane-IQ 70-90, kwaye eli nani alixhomekeke kubuhlanga.
• Ukungondleki kwesondlo ebuntwaneni kunciphisa i-intelligence factor. Ukungabikho kwe-iodine kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegunju ku-IQ ephantsi. Ukuncipha kunokufikelela kumaqela 10-12.
• Ukuncelisa umntwana kunceda ukwandisa izinga lobunkokheli bakhe.
• Kubantu abane-IQ ephakamileyo, ixesha lokuphila liphezulu, abanako ukugula.
• Njengomthetho, abantu abalungileyo bane-IQ ephezulu.

Ngaba kuyafaneleka ukuba udlule uvavanyo lwakho

Nangona kungaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka ekufundweni kweengcaphephe, izazinzulu azifikeleli ngoluvo olufanayo, yintoni ingqondo kunye nendlela yokulinganisa kakuhle. Ngenkcazo ngokubanzi yengqondo njengokwazi ukwenza ngokuchanekileyo nokuphumelela ngempumelelo kuzo zonke iimeko zezobomi, ngokweengcali ezininzi zeengqondo, kodwa ke ukungafani kuyaqala. Ngoko ke, zonke iingqikelelo ze-IQ kufuneka zicatshangelwe, ezibonakalisa umntu kuphela kwinxalenye. Ngoku uyazi ukuba yiyiphi i-IQ ye-Einstein kunye nabanye abantu abadumileyo. Sekunjalo, uvavanyo lufanelekile kuwo wonke umntu. Kuthekani ukuba bathabatha iMensa International kwiqela?