I-Cytology - yintoni na?

I-Cytology - yintoni na? Ukubhengezwa ngokugcwele kweli gama, omnye kufuneka abhekise kulwimi lwakudala lwesiGrike, kuba oko kuvela kuyo. Ekuguquleleni kwi-Greek "kitos" yesiGrike - isango, kunye ne "logos" - imfundiso. Ngoko, i-cytology - yintoni na? Le yenzululwazi yeseli. Ukuba uyichaza ngesihloko ngokubanzi, kuyafaneleka ukuba uthi ufunda isakhiwo sabo kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza.

Imbali yemvelaphi kunye nophuhliso lwesayensi

I-microscope yokuqala yaqulunqwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XVII. Ekubeni, ngenxa yesi sixhobo, i-cytology ibonakala. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Inyaniso kukuba, ngokuchanekileyo ngokuqwalasela izinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwamagalasi okudala, isiNgesi uRobert Hook safumanisa okokuqala ukuba zonke ziqukethe ama-microparticles ahlukanisiweyo. Wazibiza ngokuba ngamaseli. Emva kweminyaka elishumi omnye umphandi, u-Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, wafumanisa ukuba zonke iiseli zinezimo zangaphakathi ezilawulwayo kunye neepatheni ezithile zokusebenza. Kananjalo naye unokufumanisa i-nuclei. Ngelo xesha, ingcamango yesitalathisi kunye nomsebenzi wayo obalulekileyo wawuvinjelwe ixesha elide ngokuphuhliswa kobuthakathaka kwama-microscopes. Amanyathelo alandelayo alandelayo athatyathwe phakathi kweXestile yeXIX, xa ubuchule buphuculwe kakhulu. Imiphumo ebalulekileyo ye-cytology yeli xesha njengoko isayensi yendalo ye-theory yeselula kunye nokufumanisa kwe-protoplasm.

Inkolelo yeselula

Ukusebenzisa ulwazi oluqingqiweyo oluqokelelwa ngeli xesha, i-biologists ezimbini, uT. Schwann kunye noMnu Schleiden, ngokoqobo banikezela uluntu luluntu ingcamango yokuba zonke izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ziquka iiyunithi ezifanayo-iiseli. Kwaye nganye yeeseli ngokwazo inempahla yezinto eziphilayo. Le ngcamango yeendlela eziyinkimbinkalo zobomi eMhlabeni yayinempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni phambili kwenzululwazi yesayensi.

Ukufunyanwa kweprotoplasm

Enye impumelelo ebalulekileyo yenzululwazi kule ntsimi kukufumanisa kunye nenkcazo yeprotoplasm - into ezalisa izilwanyana zamanzi kunye noluntu lwendalo. Ulwazi olulandelayo malunga neprotoplasm lucacisiwe kwaye luya kutshintshwa ngokuthelekiswa kunye neyokuqala. Namhlanje, esi siko sendawo sibizwa ngokuba yi-cytoplasm.

Uphuhliso olungaphezulu

Ndiyabulela uphando lweseli, kwisiqingatha sesibini se-XIXth body bodies, equlethwe kwi-nucleus-chromosomes, zafunyanwa. Ukufunda kwabo, ukufumanisa oko Inyaniso yokuba nganye intlobo inombolo ethile eqhubekayo yama-chromosomes, ukuba i-nucleus ithatha inxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni, ikhokelela ekufumaneni kwemithetho yokuqhubeka komzimba. Isigaba esilandelayo ekuphuhliseni i-cytology kwakukufundwa kwemithetho esondeleyo yokuzalwa kofuzo. Igalelo elibalulekileyo kule ndawo lenziwe ngumfundi wase-Austrian wenkulungwane ye-19, uGregor Mendel.

I-Cytology - yintoni le into yesayensi yanamhlanje?

Enyanisweni, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zobugcisa kunye neendlela zesayensi zenziwe i-cytology sele iphakathi kwekhulu lama-20 enye yezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kwimiba yezinto eziphilayo. Izindlela zanamuhla ze-cytology zisetyenziswe ekukhetheni nasekuzaleni iintlobo zezityalo ezintsha ezisebenzisekayo kubantu, ukuhlolisisa izifo zesifo somhlaza kunye nokukwazi ukulawula, ukulima kwezitho zomzimba kunye nokunye.