Intsingiselo yegama elithi "mqolomba karst." Yintoni na?

Iyintoni na intsingiselo yala magama 'nomqolomba karst "? Njani ezi sayithi ezintle zendalo? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo zingafumaneka kweli nqaku. Ukongeza, apha ke uluhlu ehlabathini elide emiqolombeni (ifoto kumaqula angaphantsi njengoko ubona). Exakayo, inkoliso yabo ibekwe eUnited States.

Cave - it ... Intsingiselo yamagama "mqolomba karst"

Ezi ukuqanda komhlaba ukususela kumaxesha amandulo wakhonza ikhaya izilwanyana kunye nabantu kwakudala. Bamfihla kubo amarhamncwa ebandayo kunye zasendle. Loo nto inika umdla nemiqolomba afunyanwa kuphela on Earth, kodwa eNyangeni, Mars. Fumanisa ukuba ekuqaleni intsingiselo yegama elithi "mqolomba karst."

Eli binzana ubunjwe iinxalenye ezimbini: i "umqolomba" yaye "KRAs".

• Cave - naliphi kwisisu komhlaba ke imvelaphi yendalo.
• Karst - omabini inkqubo ngenxa ukonakala (kokupheliswa) yamatye ezithile nochuku (chemical composition) komhlaba.

Igama elithi "Karst" livela kwigama yaseJamani okanye karst, okanye igama lehewu eSlovenia (KRAs), apho ezi zemvelo ziqinile ngokukhethekileyo.

Yintoni emqolombeni karst?

Olu hlobo emiqolombeni yeyona ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye kumaqula angaphantsi komhlaba. Yintoni umqolomba karst kwaye indlela ekwenzeka ngayo?

Kukho iingcaciso ezimbini eziphambili. Ngokutsho kuqala, umngxuma yendalo (void) kwi uqweqwe eliphezulu, apho edibene ubuso amagalelo alo enye okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokutsho nkcazo yesibini, kukho umqolomba karst - an kwisisu komhlaba imvelaphi yendalo, nto leyo ekwezi ilanga, kodwa iyafumaneka ukuba ukungena ngaphandle.

Uphononongo semiqolomba inxaxheba inzululwazi ezikhethekileyo - uthambisa, izinto kuba elithanda eveliswe yi ebizwa ngokuba yi-speleotourists.

Njengoko kwakhiwa nemiqolomba?

Olu hlobo emiqolombeni lisekwa ziinkqubo zithe zadala, oko kukuthi ngenxa ngokuchithwa amanzi eweni. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nemiqolomba abakhoyo kuphela kwezo ndawo zomhlaba apho kulala namawa ezingazinzanga, leyo iqhawulwa lula ngamanzi. Phakathi kwabo - gypsum, iityuwa, itshokhwe (kaolin), dolomite, ezimbejembeje lekalika.

Kunazo zonke ezinye watshabalalisa lekalika naziiperile. Caves kwezi ilitye elenziwa ixesha elide kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, baye basinda ngcono kunabanye. Umzekelo, nemiqolomba gypsum basoloko kunityumza ukuwa.

Indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kumaqula angaphantsi edlala kuphela ukwakhiwa imichiza amanzi (kufuneka kwandiswe abasuka carbon dioxide), kodwa ke ubukho neentanda embindini womhlaba kunye waphuka kwandiswa. Baya kudla ke imigca iziko anokuthi emiqolombeni ndakubumba.

Uninzi emiqolombeni bafunda - uhlobo oyidingayo, kwinkqubo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi ushiye iinkcukacha kumaqula angaphantsi komhlaba. Noko ke, waba ngubani na ozakusa loo nomkroli esakha yangaphakathi "microrelief" mqolomba. amanzi phantsi komhlaba zizityebi sulfates kunye carbonates, wamlalisa phezu kweendonga, umgangatho kwaye nasemagumbini kumaqula angaphantsi komhlaba. Ukuba uMbumbi esiyibiza stalactite kunye ne stalacmites. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi neziqu baba ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga engaqhelekanga, nto leyo ebumnyameni akhangele ezingaqhelekanga.

Eyona eziphambili ze emiqolombeni

Ngokutsho indlela ngokusekwa (ukubunjwa) uyazimela, ngaphandle karst, nokuba ziitectonic plates, mlilo, ukhukhuliseko kunye ice mqolomba.

kwisisu komhlaba kwakhona zihlelwa ubungakanani (ngokususela ubude kunye nobunzulu) kwakunye uhlobo ingxondorha apho kwakheka. Ngoko ke, kukho emiqolombeni:

• lekalika;
• gypsum;
• ngetshokhwe;
• ityuwa;
• Emiqolombeni, conglomerates njalo-njalo.

Top 5 emiqolombeni elide le planethi

Ezine ezintlanu emiqolombeni mde ehlabathini ibekwe US, lelinye - in Ukraine.

Zendlovu Cave (malunga 630 km) - inkqubo mqolomba elide boMhlaba. Lasekwa ngo lekalika kwiminyaka million 10 eyadlulayo. Nyaka ngamnye ubude emqolombeni olukhulayo cavers ezintsha njengoko ahambe iikhorido yayo.

Igugu Cave (257 km) - ise- South Dakota, kufuphi nesixeko Custer. osemqoka yayo sikhethekile ziikristale calcite ezo isale ngeendonga angqingqwa komhlaba.

Cave Nethemba (231 km) - i-level multi mibono womnatha kwi Ukraine (kummandla Ternopil), inkqubo inkulu ngokufihlakeleyo kwi Eurasia. Kwasekwa cast.

Wind Cave (217 km) - omnye ummangaliso American endalo, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba iipateni yayo phezu neengqameko, efana yobusi.

Cadillacs Cave (207 km) - gypsum emqolombeni eUnited States (New Mexico), ngokwenene kuzo engaqhelekanga "ayenechaphothi" wemfundo, lwathi ukuya 5-6 ubukhulu leemitha.

isiphelo

Kulungile, ngoku uyayazi intsingiselo yegama elithi "mqolomba karst." Lo kwisisu komhlaba imvelaphi yendalo, nto leyo eye izindawo omnye okanye ngaphezulu phezu komhlaba. Zonke emiqolombeni cavers zihlelwa ngobungakanani, indlela ngokusekwa, kwakunye emaweni apho elungiselwe (kwakheka).