Intetho Ixhume - kubhaliwe ... kokuya esikolweni abantwana intetho enxulumene: uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa

Self-ukuzithemba, ukuzimisela, ukufumana indawo yabo eluntwini - konke oku kunxulumene ngqo kuphuhliso yokuthetha, ubuchule ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo. intetho nawo - kunxulumano amaqhekeza aseleyo, ebonisa ngesihloko esithile, bephethe intsingiselo enye.

Xa ukuzalwa komntwana wabeka makings zentetho. Eyona Umsebenzi abadala kunye nootitshala - ilungelo siyiphuhlisa ngaphakathi. Ngapha koko, lo mntwana kwasekwa intetho lwesihloko - isitshixo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo ngempumelelo ngamnye. Yintoni le mbono? intetho Ixhume - kukukwazi ukuqulunqa kwaye bavakalise iingcinga zabo.

iindidi zentetho

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili intetho oyondeleleneyo;

• Omnye.
• Dialogic.

Eyokuqala ifuna ubuchule ezinkulu zonxibelelwano. On kuboniswa ngendlela echanelekileyo ingcamango ixhomekeke kwindlela abanye baqonde ngayo. Mbalisi ufuna memory elungileyo, isicelo esichanekileyo isantya sokuthetha, ukucinga ukuba ibali lahlokoma gqolo nangokucacileyo.

Ukuba incoko ayikho ngokuqhelekileyo amandla nzima ngomlomo isicelo. It has akukho ulandelelwano ecacileyo neqondakalayo. incoko Direction ingahluka nakanjani kuyo naliphi icala.

izakhono zokuthetha Bookmark

Formation yokuthetha inonamathelwano kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela.

Isigaba 1 - yamalungiselelo, ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kunyaka 1. Kweli nqanaba, umntwana idibane izandi. veki yakhe yokuqala, uyaphulaphula nje kwintetho omdala, ngoxa wabumba iseti angenzi izandi, baya kukhutshwa ukukhala yokuqala. Kamva kubonakala Ukuphololoza, equka izandi randomly wathandaza.

Ngelo xesha bonisa izinto umntwana waza wabiza eziphawula umsindo wabo. Umzekelo: iwotshi - tick-tock, Vodicka - enethontsi. Kamva, umntwana aphendule igama kwisifundo eso yaye ijonge yena. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala mixture Sibahlangule iisilabhili ngamnye.

Isigaba 2 - pre-school, ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwemithathu. Okokuqala, umntwana uthetha amazwi alula ukuba zombini intloko amanyathelo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi 'ukunika' itakane imela kwaye isifundo nenkanuko yalo, kwaye isicelo, ngoko ke ukuqonda abantu lwayo kuphela. Emva kwexesha elithile, kukho izivakalisi ezilula, umntwana uqala ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba lingakanani na iingcinga zabo. Iminyaka emithathu intetho esetyenziswa izalathandawo. Iqala amatyala ezithelekisekayo nobubele.

Isigaba 3 - pre-school, ukususela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya ku 7. Eli xesha ngakumbi ukubunjwa yesazisi. kweminyaka Futshane ku-7 wabumba izixhobo emphinjeni, ecacileyo izandi ekunene. Umntwana uqala ukwakha ngobuchule izivakalisi, selivele kwaye isoloko ihlaziywa isigama.

Isigaba 4 - yesikolo, ukususela kwiminyaka esi-7 ukuya ku-17. Eyona nkalo iphambili zophuhliso lolwimi kweli nqanaba, xa kuthelekiswa kunye yangaphambili - kuba nokwenziwa kwayo abazi. Abantwana bayazi uhlalutyo ephilileyo, zivalele imithetho zegrama yokwakha izivakalisi. Indima ephambili bobabo yokubhala.

Ezi zigaba azikho engqongqo, imida ecacileyo. Ngamnye kubo luhamba emva koko.

Uphuhliso intetho obanzi kokuya esikolweni abantwana

Emva kokuqala ehamba emyezweni kwimeko ukutshintsha umntwana, kwaye nayo - luhlobo zentetho. Ekubeni kid iminyaka ukuya ku-3 ubudala usoloko ekufutshane abantu abasondeleyo kuye, lonke unxibelelwano yakhiwa ngokwesicelo sakhe abadala. Kukho uhlobo dialogical intetho: abadala ukubuza imibuzo, kwaye iimpendulo umntwana. Kamva, usana enxanwe ukuxelela into, ukudlulisa iimvakalelo zabo emva kokuba ziyahamba, abafundi sele abantu abasondeleyo kuphela. Iqala wabeka uhlobo omnye zentetho.

All of zihlobene. Nangona kunjalo, i uxhulumaniso fomu nge kuphuhliso utshintsho. Umelo umntwana intetho enxulumene - kukukwazi ukuthetha ukuze enaluvayo kucaca ngokusekelwe umxholo wayo.

izakhi zentetho

It lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo amabini: lwemeko obuthile. Ukubonakalisa iingcinga zakho okanye echaza imeko, kufuneka sakhe omnye ukwenzela ukuba umphulaphuli kwacaca oko kwakuqhubeka ukuthetha. Abantwana akazange akwazi ukuchaza imeko yokuqala, ngaphandle kokucacisa amanyathelo azinzileyo. Abadala, ukuphulaphula ibali, kunzima ukuqonda oko incoko ngaphandle kokwazi le meko. Ngoko ke, lo kuqala eyodwa intetho isimo iqhagamshele. Kulo mzekelo, ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo phambi icandelo factors akunakwenzeka, ngenxa yokuba intetho loo mathuba njalo ezihambelanayo.

intetho ngokoMxholo

Ekubeni Iyakwazi icandelo lobume, umntwana uqala uyoyiswa umxholo. Okokuqala ulwimi oluthethwayo abantwana izele zezimelabizo "yena", "yena", "bona". Xa oku kusenzeka akucaci ukuba ngubani kanye oko. Ukuze ube izifundo isicelo ingqiqo ka "a" ngenkuthalo esongezelelwe izijekulo: iingalo ibonisa into enjalo, umzekelo enkulu, encinane. Le peculiarity yale ntetho kukuba express ngaphezu kubonakaliswa.

Ngokuthe ngcembe lo mntwana uqalisa ukwakha imeko intetho. Oku kubonakala kunye yokuduka inani elikhulu zezimelabizo call uze endaweni yazo izibizo. Oku kumiselwa logicality isaqhagamshelwe acinga ngayo umntu.

Awukwazi kukaZwilakhe kokuxhumana kwaye ayinayo ingqiqo. Ngapha koko, oku kuxhomekeke kweengcinga zabantu. intetho Ixhume - kuba iingcinga ziyafana yaye ubhalo wabonisa ngokuvakalayo idityaniswe izivakalisi ngokwegrama ezichanekileyo.

Xa incoko lo mntwana ukuqonda indlela yaqulunqa ekuqiqeni yintoni na isigama ngoku. Ambalwa amazwi ngendlela ibunjwe-kakuhle into aya kubangela iingxelo ubunzima ngokuvakalayo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ziphuhliswe complex: logic, inkumbulo, kunye nesigama sisityebi. Yonke kufuneka ivumelane.

Eyona eziphambili ze ukubunjwa yokuthetha olubumbene

Development yokuthetha inonamathelwano kubantwana kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo ubuchule. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Uphuhliso lwezakhono yababini.
• Ngokubalisa kwakhona.
• A ibali kwimifanekiso.
• Yingqokelela yamabali esichazayo.

Uhlobo lokuqala incoko, ephuhlisa umntwana - yinto incoko. Abantwana bafundiswa:

• Mamela nokuqonda intetho abadala.
• Dibana nabanye abantwana.
• Ukuze kube nokwakhiwa incoko kunye ngoncedo iimpendulo kwimibuzo.
• amagama, amabinzana ukuba umkhathaleli.

Abantwana abaminyaka yobudala eyi-4-7 bafundiswa iindlela ezilula wokwakha umntu omnye.

Ngokubalisa kwakhona kufuna ukukhathalela umntwana nokuzingisa. Ngokuba isiqalo kukho ukulungiselela ukubalisa kwakhona, ngoko utitshala efunda isicatshulwa, uze abantwana baphendule imibuzo enxulumene ngenyameko umbandela. isicwangciso ulande okulungiselelweyo, kungathi ke kuqwalaselwe utitshala ufunda ibali kwakhona kwaye iqala ngokubalisa kwakhona. Abantwana zamabanga ubudala isikolo ukwenza phantse yonke into kunye komfundisi. abantwana abadala ayakhula ngokwabo isicwangciso ngokubalisa kwakhona. Ngokwenjenjalo baya kuba baxhasa uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-logic nentetho.

Umfanekiso - isixhobo zoqhagamshelwano

icacile yokufunda intetho ithatha indawo Ngoncedo lwemifanekiso. A ibali imifanekiso lula ukuphinda abalise ezimeleyo rhoqo. Ngenxa lokuqhubeka ibali kubonisiwe kwi-manani akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukukhumbula yonke into. Kuba iminyaka zezikolo zaseprayimari zisetyenziswa ngamnye Imifanekiso kwizifundo zabo. Abantwana ephendula imibuzo katitshala uchaze umfanekiso.

Iminyaka 4 nokufundisa umntwana ukuba ibali mfanekiso. Oku kufuna ukulungiswa:

• Ukubheka imifanekiso.
• Iimpendulo kwimibuzo ngutitshala.
• Ibali katitshala.
• ibali kwabantwana.

Ekuhambeni kwebali utitshala ubalisa amagama axhasayo. Olu hlobo lokuhlola kwicala elichanekileyo zentetho. Xa wayeneminyaka 5, abantwana bafundiswa ukuba benze isicwangciso uze uthi kuye. Kwiminyaka 6-7, umntwana uyakwazi ingqalelo kumfanekiso ongasemva, chaza landscape, ezincinane xa uqala kuqala, iinkcukacha. Ethetha kwi umfanekiso, umntwana, esekelwe kumfanekiso bangazityeli into eyenzekayo phambi kokuba izehlo ziboniswe kwaye kwenzeka emva.

Akathantamisi mntu imibuzo yakho licacisa lwendaba engaphaya imida mfanekiso. Xa ibali umntwana kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo echanekileyo isigwebo lwegrama, kuba isigama ngokwaneleyo.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe amabali imifanekiso landscape. Ukususela ngoko ke ifuna ubuchule bokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela efuziselayo, ukwenza uthelekiso, sebenzisa izithethantonye kunye nezichasi.

Story-incazelo

Kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso yokuthetha inonamathelwano abantwana kokuya esikolweni ukudlala kunye nokukwazi ukuchaza into ethile, imeko, ixesha lonyaka.

Xa ndandineminyaka kokuya esikolweni, abantwana bafundiswa ukuba wenze ibali, inkcazelo yokudlala. Tutor abuze imibuzo kwaye akhokelele ekuqhubekekeni mbalisi. Sichaza amagama ezizezona ziphambili, ebesithwele inkcazelo: ubungakanani Toy, eziphathekayo, umbala. I ekhulile umntwana iba, i ukuzimela uthi. Qala ukwenza inkcazo lokuthelekisa izinto kunye nezinto eziphilayo, izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Fundisa abantwana ukuba bafumane iimpawu ezifanayo kunye ezichaseneyo zabo. amabali mbaliso idityanisiwe ukuquka kuzo izinto ezichazwe.

Kwakhona, abantwana abaneminyaka eli senior kokuya esikolweni ukubalisa amabali ngamava akhe, echaza imeko nabo, umxholo wabheka iikhathuni.

Le ndlela yokuthetha lwesihloko - zokukukhumbuza

Le ndlela isekelwe phezu ukusebenzisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Onke amabali, imibongo ezinonxulumano imifanekiso, ebesithwele ke ibali. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba abantwana kule minyaka kokuya esikolweni ixesha elide bathembele memory olubonakalayo ngaphezu eziviwayo. Uqeqesho lwenziwa mnemodorozhek, izikimu mnemotablits kunye nemizekelo.

Iisimboli, apho amagama encode, kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba izinto intetho. Umzekelo, ukuthetha malunga izilwanyana, ecaleni imifanekiso yezilwanyana beqabe indlu, kunye zasendle - ihlathi.

Uphononongo kuvela elula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo. Ngayo abantwana mnemokvadraty kamva - mnemodorozhki umfanekiso umlinganiswa, xabiso lazo elo ke bayazi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba:

• Ukufunda kwetafile.
• ukhowudo Ulwazi, inguqu umbandela thaca kwi imifanekiso yabalinganiswa.
• Ngokubalisa kwakhona.

Ngokusebenzisa zokukukhumbuza nokwenziwa yokuthetha ebantwaneni ibonakala. Ngelo xesha linye babe isigama elungileyo kwaye ukukwazi ukuqhuba omnye umz.

kwamanqanaba kuhambelana

Emva kokuba isicelo bobuqili iindlela ezahlukeneyo ootitshala kumsebenzi wabo khangela inqanaba yokuthetha inonamathelwano ebantwaneni. Ukuba ezinye zophuhliso kwayo kumgangatho osezantsi, ukuba phantsi kwezinye iindlela ukuba, xa kusingethwe abantwana abanjalo iza kuba yimpumelelo ngakumbi.

intetho obanzi kokuya esikolweni abantwana yahlulwe kumanqanaba amathathu:

• inqanaba eliphezulu - lo mntwana isigama elikhulu, ibhalwe ngegrama echanelekileyo kwaye ngokusengqiqweni ukwakha izivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo. Ngaba uyixoxe ibali, chaza, thelekisa izinto. Noko ke, intetho yakhe iyavumelana umxholo, umdla.
• Mid - umntwana wakha ekunika umdla, oko sele nokubhala ephakamileyo. kuvela iingxaki ekwakhiweni ibali ibali elithile, ngoko ke unako ukwenza iimpazamo, kodwa xa abantu abadala imigqaliselo ukwazi ukulungisa kubo.
• inqanaba Low - umntwana bafumana ubunzima xa kusakhiwa ibali nokubhaleka. intetho yakhe hoywa kunye nengqondo, ukuba iimpazamo Isemantiki ngenxa kwakunzima ukwakha ubuhlobo. Kukho iimpazamo zegrama.

isiphelo

Formation yokuthetha inonamathelwano abantwana - inkqubo yoqeqesho lootitshala oluqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela neentlobo wemidlalo. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana uqala ukuya ezindindeneyo kwaye ngokwegrama echanekileyo ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo, ukuba aqhube omnye, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zoncwadi.