Iincwadi Agatha Christie: A uluhlu lemisebenzi

Umbhali odumileyo Agata Kristi yaba ngunozala isenzeko esitsha zoncwadi - zokucupha ababhinqileyo. ubomi bakhe iyaqhubeka ukuze ibangele ukuba abafundi kunye biographers, abazama ukufunda ngalo ndlela zonke iinkcukacha. Iincwadi Agatha Christie, uluhlu apho has inqwaba izinto, ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka yenye yezona ngokubanzi funda ehlabathini. imisebenzi yakhe abaqalise ngokuphindaphindiweyo yaye ezotywe, ngabaxelisa yakhe emnyama kunye nabalandeli. Kodwa Agata Kristi ihlala kuphela - Queen zokucupha.

Biography of umbhali

Agata Kristi, ogama iincwadi ngoku ukufunda kulo lonke ihlabathi, wazalwa ngo September 15, 1890 kwintsapho osisityebi, owayevela eUnited States. Wathi ukuba Ndakhula wonwabe kakhulu, abazali wayeyoliswa kakhulu omnye komnye, ukuthatha unonophelo abantwana abathathu umongikazi onenkathalo, babehlala kwindlu entle igadi ethandekayo. Konke oku yaba engcwele ekhethekileyo zokomoya Agatha, wayesoloko wakhumbula ukuba ulonwabo ikhona. Ngenxa umntwana, waba intombazana encinane engaqhelekanga, nentloni kakhulu futhi akakude. Xa wayekwishumi elivisayo, uyise wafa, waza waqalisa ukuya Agatha ebudaleni. Kuba naziphi na amantombazana ngelo xesha, injongo eliyinhloko umtshato. Agatha utshata uLieutenant A. Christie ngowe-1914. Esi sibini wazala intombi, URosalind, owathi kamva kuzala umzukulwana intanda yombhali. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ukumkanikazi elizayo umcuphi wayesebenza njengomongikazi kwaye ngoko - kule ekhemesti. Kwaba kuye ngumthombo wolwazi ukuba umbhali babesebenzisa abacuphi. Ngowe-1926, enye yeengxaki umyeni Christie umtshato xa yazisa umnqweno mtshato. Ngoko kukho yokuduka umbhali eziziingangamsha, apho abaphandi bathi phantse 100 iminyaka. Ngowe-1928, loo mtshato kwenzeka, yaye Agatha uya kuhambo olukhulu Baghdad. Ngeli xesha wadibana nomyeni wakhe wesibini - M. Mallowan. Naye wayehlala yonke imihla yakhe. iibhayografi ezininzi umbhali izibakala baye babe yinxalenye imisebenzi yakhe.

Yemifuniselo zokuqala zoncwadi

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala Agata Kristi wadala 1916 - a inoveli "eyimfihlakalo Affair kwi iZimbo." It yokuqala ukuvela oonobumba Christie odumileyo esithi: umcuphi E. Poirot, uCaptain Hastings, kuhamba kakuhle kwaye lisisidenge uMhloli Japp, ngubani na oya kuba abo baphambili ngumbhali umcuphi iminyaka emininzi. Le ncwadi ibhalwe lula, kodwa umendo wakhe umfundi kwakungelula. Kristen akazange abe neentlobano, akukho mntu wayesazi, yaye abavakalisi abafuni emngciphekweni ukupapasha i umbhali engaziwayo. Kuphela 7 indlwana yafumana ukuqonda, inoveli yakhe bapapasha Ukubolekisa lamaqhosha 2000 yaye wahlawula leeponti zakhe 25. Le mveliso waba yimpumelelo yaye waba umbhali ukunika ixesha elingakumbi ingqondo yemveli. Iincwadi Agatha Christie, uluhlu elisuke ngokukhawuleza kuchuma mna, "sikhule" kuzo namava akhe obomi kunye neminqweno. Wathi ukuba okubhaliweyo wathabatha imilo engqondweni yakhe xa weluka ngokuhlwa, ukuphulaphula iincoko izalamane kunye neendwendwe. Emva koko nje ubhala imveliso ogqityiweyo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Kwiminyaka eyi-10 yomsebenzi wayo njengoko Umbhali Agata Kristi, ogama iincwadi ngokuthe kuyanda, babhala iinoveli 6 kunye nengqokelela-11 amabali amafutshane. Balinikwe abalinganiswa ubomi babo abaya kuba engundoqo abantu Series: E. Poirot, isibini Tommy kunye Tuppence Beresford, Colonel Race, Battle umhloli. Ngowe-1924, Christie sele indumasi, nemali eyintlawulo yokushicilela zokupapasha iinoveli wakhe besalindile, ayezingelwa bakhula. Kude 1926 ubomi umbhali kakuhle, kodwa kweli xesha emfu- ingxaki uninazala aqhawukayo, mzalwana, uba likhoboka leziyobisi, indoda iqala ibingengomcimbi kwaye ifuna umtshato ... Agatha ushiya ikhaya kunye wanyamalala phantse ezimbini iiveki. wathi ekubuyeni kwakhe akabi sayikhumbula nantoni na malunga neziganeko ngaloo mihla.

Ithuba kweentyatyambo yokudala

Emva kokwazi Christie ingxaki iqala umsebenzi echumayo. Kunyaka wemka iincwadi 1 ukuya ku-3, encinane zobuchule umsebenzi lokudodobala nexesha yesiBini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Kangangeminyaka eli-10, ukususela 1926 ukuya 1936, uye ebhaliweyo iincwadi 21. Ngowe-1930, ukukhutshwa yokuqala ethi "I Ukubulala kwi-Vicarage" kunye ophambili Miss Marple. Umbhali nzima inkqubo zabalinganiswa zabo, uthi ubuso ezintsha ezifana Miss Lemon. Ezinye kweenoveli zakhe abalinganiswa ahlangane series ezahlukeneyo kunye nomsebenzi kunye. Ngowe-1939 lushicilelwa inoveli "Ten Little amaNdiya" ukuba nomcuphi Queen ingqalelo indalo yakhe intle. Ngowe 40-50s Christie imveliso yehliswe kancane, kuba ukuhlola kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, abhale iinoveli zembali, nikhangele. Agata Kristi, uluhlu lweencwadi apho uthotho isasazwa amathuba olukhohlisayo yeqonga yemisebenzi yena wabhala ngaphandle abalinganiswa yazo yesiqhelo. Total isigqibo sokwabela kuthotho ezifana usebenza umsebenzi wakhe;

• Hercule Poirot;
• Miss Marple;
• UMnu Parker Pyne;
• isibini labaphandi Tommy kunye Tuppence Beresford;
• Inspector Battle.

Poirot iinoveli malunga Ekryule

Belgian imvelaphi Detective Erkyul Puaro Agatha Christie, uluhlu lweencwadi ebandakanya iinoveli 33 51 ibali elifutshane, umlinganiswa edume zombhali. Le narcissist engaqhelekanga kunye indlela ekhethekileyo nobukrelekrele unique uthetha elungileyo IsiNgesi kodwa lomfo enzima. Ubona ntoni na abanye abantu abakwazi ukuhlawula nkqu ingqalelo encinane. Christie bambiza into lingcolileyo, into engathethekiyo, kodwa uluntu Ndandiyithanda kakhulu kunene. Kwaye ke umbhali yagqiba ukuba 'asuse "kunye Poirot nje unyaka phambi kokufa kwakhe (ngo-1975): kwinoveli" ludilike ", uyafa. On kokufa kwakhe, "obituary i New York Times 'waphendula, lelona xesha kuphela kwimbali xa kwathiwa ukufa komntu etsomo. Loo kulilungelo kukhutshwa kuphela umbhali yamabali umcuphi Agata Kristi. Erkyul Puaro (iincwadi zabo uluhlu luhlaziywe ngoku iinguqulelo ezintsha kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zimelwe kwinqaku) umlinganiswa ophambili le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• "Imfihlakalo" Blue Express "".
• "Ukufa kweNkosi Erdzhveda".
• "Ukufa emoyeni."
• "Cards phezu kwetafile."
• "Inye, zimbini, zintathu - yanxitywa isihlangu" kunye nabanye.

Uthotho Miss Marple

Imisebenzi ye endala mfazi-umcuphi - Le yesibini incwadi ethandwayo Agatha Christie kaThixo. Uluhlu Miss Marple itekisi iquka iinoveli 12 kunye namabali amafutshane 20, phakathi kwabo:

• "Umzimba kwi Library".
• "Umnwe of Isiphelo."
• "A ubugwinta Ingaba umemezele".
• "Ndiza kuyaphula esipilini, ikhalisa."

Umfanekiso prototype of Dzheyn Marpl wenza uninakhulu yombhali, ukuba umntu onobubele, kodwa ngendlela Agatha, nabani na kurhanelwa ehlabathini kwi embi. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala umfazi omdala uvela "Le iimeko ezilishumi, lubizwa" ngo-1927. Ngowe-1940, Christie wabhala inoveli "Sleeping Ukubulala", apho uMiss Marple ebomini, kodwa ekukhanyeni lo msebenzi bafika kuphela ngo-1976, emva kokufa koninzi Agatha. Imisebenzi kutshanje yale umlinganiswa beza amabali ukukhanya "aMatyala Final Nkosazana Marple kunye ezimbini Okunye Amabali" ngo-1979. Nangona inxalenye amabali amafutshane zipapashwe ngaphambili kwiimagazini.

Nomcuphi unalo ezininzi izinto ezingaqhelekanga, yena usoloko utshela amanye amabali ubomi abamelwane babo kule lali, kuba nomdla kakhulu kwaye esebenzayo. Ixhegokazi Liquka izithethe England ubudala, ngokungafaniyo Poirot, kwaye ikhuthaza amaxabiso wezinto British: endlwini, umyezo, yabucala. Dzheyn Marpl na nobudlelwano kakhulu, yena usoloko aye kutyelela abahlobo bakhe kunye nezalamane, yaye edla endhawini ezithile ulwaphulo-mthetho, yaye apho ifakiwe uphando. uhlobo ayo engenabungozi omkhonzazana omdala classic ikuvumela ukuba ukungena kalula ukuzithemba kwabantu, naye wamenywa ukuba etini, apho ifumana zonke ukuba kwakufuneka ukusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho. Miss Marple na elibukhali kakhulu, yena usoloko iza nomxokelelwane oluntsonkothileyo emibutho kunye neziganeko kwilali yakhe St Mary Mead.

Series malunga uMnu Parker Pyne

Enye komlinganiswa imisebenzi amabali Agatha Christie yokuqala ukuvela ngo-1934. Konke ngobomi uMnu Pyne 14 amabali amafutshane, yaye inkoliso yabo yayanyaniswe ingqokelela "Ukuphanda Parker Pyne." umkhonzi civil Ababesakuba, umnini-arhente zokucupha ukulungele ukunceda abo inxeba lotolo ngokweemvakalelo. Imisebenzi kolu ngcelele aba bacuphi classical uphando umthombo Kudla ngokungabikho ayilotyala kodwa ibali lobuqu abathengi ze-Arhente. Pine othandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi IsiNgesi-ukuthetha, eRussia eyaziwa ngcono Poirot no Miss Marple, yaye iitekisi Paine ngaphantsi efundeka.

Tommy and Tuppence Beresford

Ukuqokelelwa Agatha Christie, uluhlu lweencwadi ebandakanya ngaphezu kwekhulu imisebenzi, abuyonto ngaphandle ilizwi malunga intsapho sibini labaphandi. Tommy ne Tuppence abonakale okokuqala ukukhanya kwinoveli yesibini umbhali "utshaba twi" ngo-1922. Ngoko ke abazange utshatile kwaye baqalisa ubomi kunye nolwaphulo - ihlebo njengendlela yengeniso. Kodwa kungekudala ndaqonda ukuba uphando kwakhona imincili kwaye ngaxeshanye nenzuzo nto babe ngabecuphi. Christie wakhumbula enqabile malunga esi sibini, zibekiwe iinoveli-4 no-15 amabali amafutshane, kuquka "ngenxa naluviko lwenza ze ubhontsi wam," yaye "X okanye y." I inoveli "Isango weSihlo" ubalisa ibali-abaneminyaka engama-70 sele Amaqhawe aphanda lokubulala. Le noveli okubhaliweyo lokugqibela esibhaliweyo Agatoy Kristi, ngoko zempilo akukho kuphinde uvunyelwe ukuba abhale. Kodwa akazange lihlale umsebenzi epapashwe zombhali.

umhloli Battle

Agata Kristi, umbhali, uluhlu apho iincwadi kakhulu elide, wayethanda ukuba babuyele kubalinganiswa zabo, ubomi babo kunye nemifanekiso yaba abacuphi lwendaba nkarhinyana. Battle okokuqala umhloli ukuvela kwinoveli "Imfihlelo of iiglasi nqaba" ngo-1925. Superintendent Battle Igxininisa kuphando zihlabane amatyala abandakanya amahlebo karhulumente. Ke kona ulwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo abantu ezingathandekiyo. Total Umhloli uya kuvela kwi iinoveli-5 Christie ( "Towards zero", "Killing kulula," "Imfihlelo idayala asixhenxe" kunye nabanye). Malunga ubomi bakhe, uthi kancinane kwaye ayiqalisi Ngokuce uqambe igama uphawu lakho. Yonke ukuba umfundi uyayazi loo nto, kukuba usebenza Scotland Yard ukuba utshatile kwaye unabantwana-5. Le ndoda eyingqondi kunene, okrelekrele cultured eziqulathwe ukumelwa ilungileyo le nomcuphi Christie yobungcali.

eminye imisebenzi

Agata Kristi Kwakhona wabhala nabanye abalinganiswa. Umzekelo, kwi iinoveli 4 kubonakala Colonel Reis, isikhulu yaseBritani. Izicatshulwa ngayo - ukuba loo umnqwazi umbhali uhlobo inoveli hlola. Kwakhona kwi lemveli Christie ukuba kukho imisebenzi apho kuvela abalinganiswa, leyo ke naphi na awusetyenziselwa. Oku Harley Kin e yamabali "Abamangalisayo UMnu ezingoKin" (1930), Narrakota umhloli "I Sittaford Imfihlelo" (1931), uFrankie kunye uBobby "Kutheni na Evans?" (1935), uMhloli Maine kunye inoveli Thomas Legg kaThixo "Ten Little Indians "(1939), Charlz Heyvord kwincwadi yakhe ethi" indlu egwenxa encinane. "

idrama

Ngowe-1928, ekuchubekeni omtsha ubonakala e-UK - Agata Kristi. Uluhlu iincwadi ngendlela lokubhala yabo yahlukile ukusuka kuluhlu ixesha ncwadi: oku inxibelelene nezicwangciso yombhali iingcamango ukuba abavakalisi. Ngowe-1928, umboniso dramaturgical yenoveli wesithandathu Roger Ackroyd Christie kukho - ukudlala "ubungqina bokuba kwenye indawo kommangalelwa ngexesha lesenzo esithile". Zonke usiba nombhali opapashiweyo imidlalo 24, abanye kubo iphinde izivelise kwakhona imiboniso kweenoveli namabali amafutshane. Kodwa nemidlalo edumileyo Christy, Kakade ke, "Mousetrap." Yayo

uluhlu lwe the best

Xa ilifa elikhulu umbhali, umfundi ngamnye ufumana umsebenzi ayithandayo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba iincwadi ilungileyo Agatha Christie, uluhlu apho kunzima ukunciphisa inani, oku:

• "Kukubulawa Roger Ackroyd" (1926).
• "Le Ukubulawa kwi Vicarage" (1930).
• "Endhauz Manor Imfihlelo" (1932).
• "Ukubulala kwi" Orient Express "" (1934).
• "Ukufa kwi-Nile" (-1937).
• "Ten Little amaNdiya" (1939).
• "Ububi phantsi kwelanga" (1941).
• "Ukufa Uza Isiphelo" (1944).
• "Indlu Crooked encinane '(1949).
• "4.50 ukusuka Paddington" (1957).

version screen

Abecuphi Christie - imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu ukusuka bhanya. Movies on the iincwadi Agatha Christie, uluhlu apho likhula rhoqo, uziva ehloniphekile ukudubula nokuba ngokwam ukuba abalawuli ezaziwayo. Zonke Izitudiyo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi waphakamisa ubuncinane 100 iiteyiphu zezicatshulwa zakhe. Eyona langutana na umfanekiso:

• "Ukubulala kwi" Orient Express "."
• "Ten Little amaNdiya".
• "Yeha ke abamsulwa."
• "Imfihlelo Abafileyo Man kaThixo."

Le TV kwakhona ayikwazanga ukuphepha ingqalelo yakhe umsebenzi wakhe, kukho yimveliso abaninzi ngabanye kunye ezimbini uthotho kakhulu ngempumelelo Poirot kunye Miss Marple.

Awards namarekhodi

Nangona ilifa enkulu zoncwadi, Agata Kristi ubomi yakhe mabhaso encinane ngokwaneleyo. Iinoveli zayo kwaye kudlalwe ibhingo eziliqela zoncwadi ziye zanikwa, kuquka yodumo Prize. Poe. Ngowe-1956, umbhali wawongwa bhaso libaluleke kangaka - Order of the Empire British. Kodwa ilifa lakhe iirekhodi ezininzi. Enye le ncwadi ipapashwa kakhulu ehlabathini Agatha Christie: uluhlu lweelwimi ebe zidluliselwa, ngaphaya ilikhulu. Yena bobabo kwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini izdavaemosti emva kokuba iBhayibhile kunye neetekisi kaShakespeare. Le kwegazi elipheleleyo iimpapasho imisebenzi yakhe phantse 5 billion iikopi. It ingumnini nani likhulu zomsebenzi lwemisebenzi yoncwadi.