Interesting izibakala nobomi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Ubomi Works of Lva Tolstogo

Igama umbhali, notitshala, Count Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo yaziwa wonke umntu Russian. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe 78 imisebenzi yobugcisa kwapapashwa, elinye 96 aye alondolozwa kwii-akhayivu. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX zeza imisebenzi epheleleyo, uniko manani imiqulu 90, yaye iquka ngaphandle neenoveli, amabali amafutshane, izincoko, njalo njalo. N. Oonobumba eziliqela iidayari yomntu omkhulu, kuba italente kakhulu kunye neempawu obungaqhelekanga. Kweli nqaku, masikhumbule izibakala inomdla kakhulu kubomi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo.

Ukuthengisa ikhaya e Yasnaya Polyana

Ubalo oselula yaziwa yaye wayekuthanda ukungcakaza umntu, ngelishwa, hayi ngempumelelo kakhulu, ukudlala amakhadi. Kwenzeka ukuba indlu Yasnaya Polyana, apho umbhali wachitha esengumntwana, wanikwa ngenxa amatyala. Emva koko, ukususela ekuqaleni uTolstoy utyale imithi. Iikulya Lvovich, nyana bakhe bakhumbula ngayo kanye wabuza kuyise ukuba ukubonisa igumbi endlwini apho wazalwa. Kwaye Leo walatha phezulu enye imithi larch, wongezelela: ". Kukho" A esofeni lesikhumba apho senzeka, echazwe inoveli yakhe "War Noxolo". Ezi ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla nobomi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ezinxulumene kwilifa izinyanya.

Ke yona indlu, ngoko amaphiko akhe ezinemigangatho emibini aye alondolozwa nabantu kunye nexesha. Emva ukutshata nokuba nabantwana lonke usapho uTolstoy anda, kwaye nalo nabo ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha.

imfundo Family kunye nabantwana Tolstoy

Ufakelelo Tolstoy zisoloko ukwahlula olu sapho. Umbhali wayekholelwa ukuba wadlala indima enkulu ebomini nawuphi na umntu. Ekunye nomfazi wakhe, Sofey Andreevnoy, babehlala uthando kunye nemvisiswano iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Waza waqala ukuba kuvele ingxabano ngokusekelwe sengqondo esibi kwipropati Count kunye nokuhlaziya zabo amaxabiso ubomi.

Xa intsapho Tolstoy Ndazalwa abantwana ezilishumi, ezihlanu kuzo wafa ezelwe. Earl akazange azisole ngexesha labo, naphambi ntlekele 80s wayekuthanda amalungiselelo ebubini. Umzekelo, ukuba ngexesha isidlo wakhonza pudding, uyise waphawula ukuba baziva iibhokisi glue elungileyo. nangoko Abantwana beza iphepha igumbi lokutyela, waza waqalisa inkqubo bobuchule.

Omnye umzekelo. Umntu kusapho oye waba buhlungu okanye bakhale. Ebona oku, Count ngesiquphe walungelelanisa "Numidian mahashe." Iyaxhuma, waphakamisa isandla sakhe, uleqa ngeenxa etafileni, kwaye abantwana baphuma emva kwakhe.

Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha ebesoloko kwakukhona uthando loncwadi. Yena rhoqo usokhaya ekhayeni lakhe kufundwa ngokuhlwa. Xa Ndathatha incwadi Jules Verne ngaphandle imifanekiso. Waza waqala kubuzekelisa ngokwakhe. Nangona lomculi we kwakungekuhle kakhulu, le ntsapho yavuya koko wakubonayo.

Sikhumbula abantwana kunye nemibongo ahlekisayo Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich. Wayefunda phezu engalunganga isiJamani ngenjongo efanayo: ukuphakamisa isimo khaya. Hi ndlela leyi, bambalwa uyazi ukuba kukho imisebenzi emininzi zemibongo kwi ilifa ubugcisa zombhali. Umzekelo, i "Msweli", "iVolga-iqhawe." Ngokusisiseko, zabhalelwa abantwana bangena 'ABC' odumileyo.

Uneengcinga zokuzibulala

imisebenzi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo baye baba umbhali indlela ukufunda abalinganiswa zabantu kuphuhliso lwabo. Kwengqondo e kumfanekiso idla yafuna umbhali uxinezeleko olungathethekiyo engqondweni. Ngoko ke, ngoxa besebenza "ekukruqulayo Kareninoy" kunye umbhali phantse kwenzeke ingxaki. Yena isimo esibi enjalo engqondweni, woyika ukuphinda isiphelo hero yakhe Levin kwaye ukuzibulala. Kamva ngo "Confession" Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy waphawula ukuba le mbono waphikelela kangangokuba wade uphume egumbini, apho enxibe wedwa, ntambo, wawunikela kuzingela umpu.

Ukuphoxeka ebandleni

Biography Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich eziphandwe kakuhle kwaye liqulathe ulwazi oluninzi yamabali malunga nendlela wasikwa ecaweni ecaweni. Ngelo xesha, umbhali ibisoloko ingqalelo ngokwakhe umntu zonqulo, yaye sithobele zonke izithuba saya kwinkonzo onke amabandla kangangeminyaka eliqela ngonyaka yama-77. Noko ke, emva kokutyelela Optina kunyaka 81 th ukuba bonke kwatshintsha. UTolstoy waya apho lackey bakhe kunye ntsapho. Baba, njengoko kulindelekile, kunye nangxowa yamphako, ngeembadada. Xa ekugqibeleni kwi woonongendi, bafumana ukungcola embi nengqeqesho engqongqo.

balundwendwe emhla Babuza bahlala qho eqhelekileyo, leyo bamqumbisa umlungiseleli ungasoloko uthelekisa inkosi kuba njengomfundisi wakhe. Wajika kwenye lendela, waza wathi loo ndoda endala - nto Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. umsebenzi yombhali wayesaziwa kakuhle, yaye ngoko nangoko wasiwa igumbi ehotele obutofotofo. Emva kokubuya Optina Count yabonisa ukungoneliseki yakhe servility ezinjalo, yaye ukususela ngelo xesha batshintsha isimo sabo ukuya kwindibano icawa kunye nabasebenzi bayo. Eminikelweni yonke into yokuba kwenye kwizikhundla wathabatha phezu isidlo cutlet.

Hi ndlela leyi, kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe umbhali waba imifino, ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo inyama. Kodwa ngexesha elinye yonke imihla ukutya amaqanda kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

onzima

Kule '80s yokuqala - ingxelo yi ngobomi Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha - umbhali ekugqibeleni bafika kwisigqibo sokuba ubomi angoongantweni tofo musani ukupeyinta umntu. Uye ubunzima elide umbuzo wokuba yintoni omele uyenze: uye kuthengisa ngeento zonke anazo ashiye umfazi wakhe amthandayo kwaye unseasoned umsebenzi onzima abantwana ngaphandle ndlela? Okanye ubhale ithamsanqa yonke kwi Sofyu Andreevnu? Kamva Tolstoy yahlula onke phakathi kwamalungu osapho. Kweli xesha kwakunzima kuye - usapho yafudukela eMoscow - Leo wayethanda ukuya unondlwane Hills, apho wanceda abalimi sogawula imithi. Koko bafunda shoemaking kunye nezihlangu yenzelwe zasehlotyeni izihlangu ngelaphu neemfele, apho waya ihlobo. Nonyaka yonke ekuncedeni iintsapho yamahlwempu apho kwakungekho namnye ukulima, uhlwayela nokuvuna ingqolowa. Asingabo bonke lokuvumela ubomi loo Leo Tolstoy. UTolstoy akazange aqonde nkqu kwintsapho yakhe. Kodwa yena nkolelo. Kwaye ehlotyeni lonke Yasnaya Polyana atyhoboza, angena kulo efama waya Ukuchetywa. Phakathi ukusebenza kwaba nkqu sisidwangube, ngeharika ingca.

ukukhululeka indlala

Ephawula iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nobomi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, umntu ukukhumbula iziganeko ka-1898. Mtsensk kunye counties blackening kwakhona indlala yahlasela. Umbhali, bambethe qela de endala kunye labakwaWalker, kunye nangxowa yamphako emqolo wakhe unyana wakhe, ukuba simenze ukunceda, ngokobuqu waya nemizana yonke uze ufumanise apho imeko elusizi ngokwenene. A veki wenza izintlu waza wadala malunga elinambini zokudlela kwisiphaluka ngasinye apho esidla kwindawo yokuqala, abantwana, abantu abakhulileyo kunye nabagulayo. Ukutya savela Yasnaya Polyana, silungiselwe izidlo ezimbini ezishushu ngemini. inyathelo Tolstoy wabenza a negative ngabasemagunyeni, abaye bazakhela ulawulo esisigxina phezu kwabo, kunye bomhlaba bendawo. Ingcinga yokugqibela ukuba kwigrafu izenzo ezinjalo kungakhokelela ekubeni kungekudala bona baya kufuneka ukuba balime endle, nobisi iinkomo.

Xa kwenye amagumbi okudlela wangena enemilenze emithathu waza waqalisa incoko Count. Wakhalaza ukuba nangona umbhali uyakuvumela isenzo, kodwa umntu ngenkani, ngokuba akuyazi ukuba indlela - ukuba imvume yokuba imisebenzi enjalo kwabamba. Impendulo yombhali yayilula: "Musa ukuba apho kunyanzeleka ukuba isazela sabo." Naye ninjalo ke lonke ubomi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo.

ukugula kakhulu

Ngowe-1901, umbhali wagula yicesina kakhulu kwaye iingcebiso oogqirha baya eCrimea. Kukho kunokuba wayichola ephilisa nangokurhala, nkqu esifo. Ndiyathemba ukuba uya kusinda phantse akukho ukhetho. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, umsebenzi wakhe iqulethe imisebenzi emininzi echaza ukufa ezilungiselelwe kwakhe engqondweni. Yena wayengoyiki ukushiya ubomi. Umbhali waze wathi ndacela indlela kubantu ababathandayo. Kwaye xa bathi wayekwazi ukuhleba kuphela, ngamnye abantwana babo unike ingcebiso esibalulekileyo elizayo, njengoko kwaba ngaphandle, iminyaka elithoba ngaphambi kokuba afe. Yaba luncedo gqitha, kuba kweminyaka esithoba kamva namnye amalungu entsapho - kwaye phantse bonke ndawonye kwisikhululo Astapovo - akavumelekanga ukuba isigulane.

umngcwabo zombhali

Emva phaya 90, Tolstoy kwidayari yakhe ivakalise ukuba into Ndingathanda ukubona emngcwabeni wakhe. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, ngo "Memoirs" uthetha ibali "intonga green" odumileyo, a kombela ebisenyobeni ecaleni leMioki. Kwaye kakade ngowe-1908, sithi makubekho ngokukhula unqwenela: ukuba kungcwatywa ebhokisini yamaplanga kuloo ndawo apho babekhangele kuba umthombo yobuntwana obungunaphakade abazalwana ezilungileyo.

Tolstoy Leo Nikolayevich, ngokokuthanda kwakhe, wangcwatywa epaki Yasnaya Polyana. Emngcwabeni kuyo ngabantu amawaka aliqela, phakathi nje kuphela abahlobo, abantu abayithandayo, nababhali, kodwa abalimi bendawo, lowo wayesoloko siphathwe ngenkathalo kunye nokuqonda.

Ibali lo umnqophiso

Interesting yayenzekile ubomi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo kunye nenkxalabo yakhe ngokuphathelele ukuthanda yelifa yoyilo. Umbhali ingqalelo amafa ezintandathu: ngo-1895 (idayari), 1904 (ileta eya Chertkov), 1908 (bizela Spirit), kabini ngo-1909 yaye ngo-1010-m. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, zonke iirekhodi bakhe kunye nemisebenzi ezifunyenweyo ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo. On the elinye ilungelo zigqithile Chertkov. Ekugqibeleni, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy bobuchule zonke iirekhodi zawo ukudlulisela intombi yakhe Alexandra, kunye neminyaka elishumi elinamithandathu waba umncedisi kuyise.

inombolo 28

Ngokutsho kwizalamane, umbhali usoloko sengqondo isigqebelo kobandlululo. Kodwa amanani ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo ingqalelo kuyo ezikhethekileyo omthandayo. Yintoni na - kwenzeka elula okanye ukudalelwa ukudalelwa? Akwaziwa, kodwa uninzi iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini, yaye owokuqala isebenza Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ezihlobene nayo. Nalu uluhlu lwazo:

• Agasti 28, 1828 - umhla wokuzalwa yombhali.
• May 28, ngo1856 le ukuhluza yokuqala wanika imvume ukwenzela upapasho lokuqala incwadi ibali "Childhood esakhula".
• Juni 28 wazalwa owamazibulo, Sergei.
• NgoFebruwari 28, kumtshato unyana ka-Eliya.
• phakade October 28 umbhali ongekhoyo Yasnaya Polyana.