Neysmit Dzheyms: biography kunye photo. History of basketball

Kwi-pre-computer era abantwana bedlala imidlalo nangaphandle emoyeni. AmaMelika ziye umdlalo othandwayo ebizwa ngokuba "Duck phezu kwelitye." Esiqwini okanye enye ukuphakama yaphakamisa ilitye, ebizwa nedada. Kufuphi waba "unogada yokhuseleko", leyo kuthiwa ukuthintela nzame ukuba ndibahlise abasabayo bonke umdlalo, "idada" phezu komhlaba. Kuthiwa kule utitshala kwimfundo emzimbeni fun ukusuka American College of Springfield wabona ingqiqo yomdlalo, koko wathi basketball. Igama laloo mntu waba Naismith. James akwazi nokuba cebisa ukuthanda ukuthi ithandwa lo mdlalo ehlabathini lonke.

Womdlali, umfundisi, umsunguli

Basketball uyise wazalwa ngo-1861 e Ontario, Canada. Ngoku, kwidolophu Mississippi Mills kukho indlu-museum le Umsunguli basketball. Ukususela ebuntwaneni wayelithanda ezemidlalo, ingakumbi iintlobo umdlalo. Ukuba hockey ngelo xesha popular njengoko kunjalo ngoku, kwelinye iikomiti waseKhanada kwakuya kubonakala abaphambili abasebenza mhlawumbi, kwi ihempe eza kuba igama Naismith. James ngexesha izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi waseMontreal edlalwa kweminye imidlalo, ingakumbi iintlobo ekhatywayo - i-European (ebizwa ngokuba ekhatywayo eMntla Melika) kunye waseKhanada.

Lo mfana baba ezintsha engqondweni nangokuvulelekileyo evelele. Canada, efana US, ibhola iye ukhokho umbhoxo IsiNgesi kwaye umdlalo superkontaktnoy nokonyuka ingozi yokwenzakala. yangqubana Hard kungakhokelela kumonakalo ngokusisigxina. Dzheyms Neysmit ithathwa ukuba umdlali wokuqala ukuba ukusebenzisa nesigcina olukhuselayo. UMthetho akakwaleli oko, kunye nokuba ngumzekelo kwakhe kwalandela abanye abafundi, ngubani besabela ukhuseleko ikhono lokunciphisa ngempumelelo umbandela khosi.

Bachelor in Education Physical

Emva kokugqiba eyunivesiti aze abe ngutitshala imfundo emzimbeni eqinisekisiweyo uYakobi Naismith wafudukela kwilizwe elingummelwane. Ukususela ngo-1891, waqala ukusebenzela kwelinye iikholeji, oququzelelwe YMCA (YMKA - Men Young i-Association Christian) - Youth Christian umbutho kwisixeko Springfield, Massachusetts. Ukongeza ejimini, wafundisa nokwakheka.

Njengotitshala Dzheyms Neysmit njengento professional lokwenyaniso. Wafuna ukubandakanya abafundi kwezemidlalo, ukuzama ukudala umdla eklasini ngaphandle kokuba imithambo nokuchitha obungabangeli mdla. Ehlotyeni, kwaba lula ukuba abaququzelela amakhuphiswano emoyeni evulekileyo, apho abafundi zazidlala baseball ne ekhatywayo, ukugcina umdla kwijiminastiki ku ejimini kwakunzima ngakumbi ebusika. UMlawuli we-College uGqirha Luther Gulick wacela uYakobi ukuba beze into. Kwaye ke kuhle xa ndlongo njengoko umbhoxo okanye zebhola. Uhlobo okusungula le fizruka abanetalente ndancedwayo Naismith wafumana isisombululo okuqaqambileyo.

A ibhola ekhatywayo kunye iingobozi ezimbini yeepesika phantsi

Dzheyms Neysmit owavela umdlalo kunye ibhola kwindawo sifakwe yokususa nesithukuthezi uqeqesho kwi izixhobo zemithambo okanye ukubaleka obungabangeli mdla macala kubo. Kuthiwa ukuba imithetho emitsha komdlalo, ngokwemigqaliselo jikelele lixesha namhlanje, oko laliqulunqwe kwiyure. Ngenye imini waqaphela ukuba yinxalenye yeqela abafundi ukusuka weqela lombhoxo college wayezama ukudlala kwiholo, endaweni yokusebenzisa isango kwibhokisi enkulu.

NgoDisemba 1, 1891, hlula abafundi babe ngamaqela amabini, wafuna ukufumana ibhola kwibhokisi yamaplanga, ibekwe emgangathweni embindini ejimini. Eli tyala yaphela kwingqumba-phantsi, xa abavikeli wavuka ejikeleza bhokisi ngokupheleleyo ukuvimbile ukusukela ukuba zingasondeli. Kunye kujikelezo holo abe gallery, noYakobi kwafika wakucinga amacala ayo ahlukeneyo engobozini ezimbini ezingenanto, apho kwikholeji wazisa iziqhamo. Kuzo thina ukufumana ibhola yesikhumba ukuba ngaske lokuqala European football, ukufumana amanqaku.

A ring isihlangu enemingxuma

Ukuphakama apho ibhaskithi ukuba kuqiniswe, waba iisentimitha-305, nto leyo igcinwe kwimithetho mihla yomdlalo. Ngoku ibloko ipali zeqela elichasayo, kwaba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye umdlalo waya onamandla ngakumbi. umise engeyomfuneko kwenzeka xa umlindi, lowo wayenxibe igama Stebbins, kwafuneka ukuba iibhola, wabetha target. Mhlawumbi lo wakhe wokuqala waphela lo umonde, waza wazigawula umzantsi ingobozi ukuya ibhola wawa phantsi. Kungekudala amakhonkco yesinyithi zenziwa kunye umnatha, hayi itshintshe namhlanje.

Umdlalo umdla kangangokuba kungekudala ukhuphiswano waqalisa ukutsala abalandeli, azalisa igalari. Ukuze uncede ukudlala, badla wabanjwa ibhola eziphaphazelayo ngokubanzi yamanqaku, yaye bewuhlisele oko kuyo iefa. Ukukhusela ijikazi evela ntliziyo, kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe nekhaka, lowo ingobozi apha. Kamva, waqalisa ukuba adlale indima ezahlukeneyo, kodwa wahlala enye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo yomnyazi.

Imithetho yokuqala

Andiyiqondi kanye into umdlalo kwezemidlalo Dzheyms Neysmit kwemoto, ilula kakhulu. Namhlanje, isangqa strong wentsimbi babonelelwa enemingxuma eyenziwayo kufuneka ukumelana ubunzima-meter-iimbaleki ezimbini, kodwa ngokuba ibhaskiti - kwibhaskithi IsiNgesi. ibhola Modern ukusuka Polymer ekhethekileyo - imveliso ye-technology ephucukileyo kunye noyilo eliphezulu. Yena ufana kangako ibhola weemfele, okwakubonakala Naismith efanelekileyo, kodwa nangoku ebizwa ibhola IsiNgesi - ibhola.

Imithetho yomnyazi iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ziye zatshintsha kakhulu, nto leyo lo mdlalo ekhule ehlabathini. Kodwa kuqala, lokuqala, epapashwe kaJanuwari 15, 1892 kwiphephandaba yesikolo, leyo kuthiwa "Triangle". Olu suku ithathwa umhla esemthethweni yokuzalwa yomnyazi - lo mdlalo lowo udlalwa nge malunga 300 million namhlanje.

Ukuthandwa ad-free

umdlalo New - fast and umdla, apho abanokudlala esitalatweni kunye ngaphakathi, imithetho elula necacileyo, abantu abaselula wayethanda ngoko nangoko. Ngu Naismith waqala sokusibuyisa kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo kuzo zonke iindawo of America, becela ukuba imithetho yomnyazi. Ngowe-1892 wapapasha incwadi leyo mawuqulunqwe amanqaku-13. amalungiselelo Main yemithetho Iqinile kuyo, nangenxa sizukulwana.

Sheet nemithetho ebhalwe ngomshini, wabeka phantsi ngesandla Naismith header - «Basketball», wathengiswa ngo-2010 kwi efandesini ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-4 zeerandi. Basketball noyise ngokwakhe wenza i "ukukhuthazwa 'ekhethekileyo umdlalo omtsha, kwaye sebenzisa it for self-promotion. Umdlalo, Umbhali ogama Dzheyms Neysmit - Basketball, uthathwa kakhulu "American", kodwa ummi US ozelwe Canadian, kuphela ngo-1925, kwiminyaka 34 emva nokuhlaliswa. Yena wayenza umsebenzi yakhe yokufundisa, ebamkele izidanga ezininzi kunqulo, intanda kunye namayeza. Kodwa nenzala yakhe ngokuya ngokukhawuleza kuthandwa ehlabathini lonke.

ezemidlalo Olympic

Ngo-1898 kwakukho league yokuqala professional eUnited States. Abadlali wamkela $ 2.5 imidlalo ekhaya kunye $ 1.25 yokuba niqhawule. Ngaphantsi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka ubudala kunye Wayengomnye wabadlali inkwenkwezi kwiqela NBA, "Washington Iimbumbulu" Dzhuvan Hovard watyikitya isivumelwano wamkela phantsi nto leyo amaxesha asixhenxe 100 ezigidi zeerandi.

KwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki-1904 e-St Louis ukuba kubanjwe umdlalo umboniso e yomnyazi, yaye ngowe-1936 tumente lokuqala apho iqela US kwi kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki eyayibanjelwe e Berlin, uphumelele xa sokugqibela Canada abanamanqaku 18: 9. Le sisithethi sembeko, owenza yokomfuziselo ubuso-off emdlalweni yokugqibela, yena ngokwakhe Umsunguli umdlalo. Umenyelwe ukuba Olympics igunya otshatsheleyo IOC, wakwazi ukuba ukuhlola umda ethandwayo iye yazuza lonke ngumqondo yakhe.

Uzuko ebomini yaye Kubala

Naismith wafa ngoNovemba 28, 1939, engqongwe ngabantwana abahlanu kunye nabazukulwana abaninzi. Mhlawumbi Dzheymsom Neysmitom Ukuveliswa ihamile umphunga, njengoko wenza IsiNgesi wakhe kufuphi nobizo Dzheyms Nesmit, okanye, umzekelo, umatshini wokuthunga, kwaye wayeza kumkhupha ubutyebi kunye nobomi nesihluma ngakumbi. Kodwa kude kube ngoku, izigidi zabantu sinombulelo ngenxa yovuyo ezisa wokusungula. Namhlanje, basketball - lishishini enamandla, apho imali iibhiliyoni zeerandi mali kunye game umdla kubantu abaqhelekileyo kwi sites kwiingingqi ezininzi zomhlaba. Igama uyise yomnyazi iiHolo Odumo yomnyazi kwizixeko North American, abaninzi amaziko ezemidlalo ehlabathini lonke.