Inkwili "Northwind": inkcazelo nokubalulwa. lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Nuclear "Northwind"

Kwamkelwa wokuqala iprojekthi Russian lwaphela nesexesha yenyukliya inkwili "Northwind" wavunywa ngo 2013. Ngwenya, nayo losasazo ifoto basekhaya angaphandle, ebizwa i "Yury Dolgoruky". It is at loo xesha yaziswa kuphela kwi-12 edlulileyo. Ukongeza, yaba ship yokuqala uhlobo olufanayo, eyakhiwa laseRashiya entsha.

Ngubani na lo Boreas

Iguqulwe kwi yesiGrike "Borey" lithetha "emantla". Kodwa lo mbono eendawo, ephendula ummandla yokusebenza ngokuyinxenye, "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", intsingiselo yegama zeprojekthi akakhange azisebenzise. inkwili nganye leprojekthi "Borey" imele amandla lesiGrike wentsomi uthixo umzalwana Qaphela kunye Zephyr, unyana ka-Astrea kunye video, umlawuli sidwelise umoya ngasentla. Bhala ngayo kwi "Iliad" kaHomer, yayinguye liqhawe oluthandayo iinkosi yamandulo eGrisi, unobuntu kwimisebenzi ezininzi zobugcisa ukuba bahlile beza amaxesha zethu. Inamandla, ezinamaphiko, elineentshebe, kudala-iinwele, wahlala kwi "GROTTO sedmidomnom" (oko kukuthi kakhulu uzifihle) yaye wenza oko ikufunayo. Xa wagqiba ukutshata - yena othimbe Orifov, intombi yokumkani, endleleni. Le ngongoma kamva ziboniswe canvases zakhe abazobi abaninzi. Umfanekiso ndicinga ngale Boreas kobuThixo (eyaziwa ngokuba Zephyr) kwaye womzobo "Spring" of Botticelli. Ingaba igama inkwili yenyukliya imbopheleleko enkulu.

Imbali yeprojekthi

Ngwenya "Northwind" sayilwa ngokweqobelo ukuba uhlobo elithile zikhali eliphakathi - okuqinileyo-fuel enomjukujelwa "Bark" (P-39UTTH), yaphuhliswa yee-yee- njenge counterweight kwi US: "Pershing-2". Kwathi kanti kamva, abaziinkunkqele ukujamelana nale umsebenzi ngaphezu rocket, bonke baya engalunganga. Ekupheleni i "Bark" siye sagqiba kwelokuba lo msebenzi, ingalo esitsha inkwili kulandele enye into. Enye ukhetho kukuxhobisa imijukujelwa yayo cruise, kodwa iSebe lezoKhuselo ufuna ukuqhubeka kophando kwinkalo imijukujelwa eqinileyo-fuel, ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa ne-ngaphambili ekuveliseni USSR iisampuli ulwelo, iqela iingenelo. nqanawa kwamanzi e Okwangoku waqhubeka ukwakha. Eli lizwe eqinisa ngamaxesha obunzima.

Phahla Yeltsin era

Le projekthi yayilungele emva USSR kokuwa. I inkwili yokuqala iklasi "Borey" yasekwa ngo-1996 waza waba ... isakhiwo ixesha elide lokwenene. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa ngokwehluleka "Barco" kwabonakala, neplani esele zenziwe ngoko kwafuneka ukuba zihlaziywe. Ulwakhiwo emzimbeni ixesha elide yaye okulula ntlekele kunye eshotayo imali-mali lweminyaka elishumi. Kuphela ngo-2008 yaba ngokubhengezwa amisiweyo "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", kodwa wathabatha ikhalenda seminyaka emihlanu-ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni yomsebenzi ukugqibezela kunye nokudluliselwa wenqanawa phaya kuMntla Fleet of the Russian Federation. Ke zonke ezi amandla ukweyisa iingxaki mazithathwe gwe. Inkwili "Northwind" uye olwandle ezizodwa.

Yintoni na le nqanawa?

Ukuntywiliselwa ubunzulu - neemitha ezine (480 ubuninzi). Isantya kwamanzi - 29 amaqhina, umphezulu iiyunithi -15. Draft (iphelele) - .. 24 square umzimba metre nganye eyenziwe ophezulu-amandla steel austenitic stainless AK-100, ligcina umthwalo ton-40. ubude beenqanawa - 170 leemitha. amanzi aselwayo itsalwa kwicala izityalo kwetyuwa, kwaye buyasuswa oksijini zophuculo efanayo umoya efunekayo kubo ngaphakathi isithuthi. Phezu awukwazi uvuke kangangeenyanga. iimeko zokuphila ogqwesileyo yokuhlala esekelwe aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. inkwili Nuclear "Northwind" akuvayo nakubonayo yonke enambuzelayo kumgama amashumi ezininzi iikhilomitha ngeenxa zonke, inobudlelwane ezinzile imijelo ive ezinebhakhowudi bekulungele ukuphumeza yokulwa koxolo. Injongo wenqanawa, ngokungafaniyo kunezixhobo generic ezininzi, zobuchule. Ngokomyalelo kamongameli, kufuneka ahambise omkhulu enomjukujelwa yenyukliya ugwayimbo, igunya leyo kakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze baguqule ilizwekazi yaba yintlango engenabomi. Ukuze wenze oku, umele Cruiser ngasese khona nayiphi na indawo wolwandle, akwaziwa ukuba iinzulu utshaba okunokwenzeka alungelelanisa akucingeleki kuye. Ufakelo zokhuselo Bambalwa ezihlawulelwayo umkhusane imfihlelo, ngathi inkwili "Northwind". Iinkcukacha imfihlo, wazi ngazo kancinane, yaye ngoko nje kuba njongo iphambili nayiphi na inkqubo yokhuselo inqanaba efanayo - boyikise a umhlaseli kunokwenzeka.

Iinjongo zeqhinga inkwili enomjukujelwa ayifakwanga bazingela izithuthi okanye imikhosi yamajoni mabutho ezinobutshaba. Inika zokuthintela inyukliya kuphela ukuziphindezela usongo ukuba bahlaselwe.

Malunga imikhumbi "umnikelo"

iingxaki zemali imnyanzele bemeko- inqanawa lokuqala thotho ( "Yuriya Dolgorukogo") isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwayo kwicandelo "Pumas" Project 971 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Pike-B"). Uyilo "Aleksandra Nevskogo" iminqongo efanayo ziye abolekwe kwi "Lynx", yaye kwimeko "Vladimirom Monomahom" - i "Ak neeBhari". Zipapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba avuza inkcazelo ukuba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya ekuseni kuyekiswa "Barnaul" yaba uhlobo ngenxa yentlawulo iinqanawa ezintsha, ngaloo ndlela isishiya kwezinye nabagxeki kushishino wokhuselo Russian ukwenza izigqibo malunga backwardness lobugcisa bala zezithuthi Russian. Wakha vekeleke ophambene ukuba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo yeProjekthi 955 "Borey" asingabo ilizwi lokugqibela imikhumbi yomkhosi wamanzi, kwaye eziqokelelwe izinto eziziisekondari amacandelo, ii nkwili kuyekiswa. Enyanisweni, isicelo kakhulu efanelekileyo namaqokobhe igobhogobho - kakhulu umlinganiselo fanerile ukunciphisa iindleko eziphathekayo. Kwi umlo amandla iinqanawa ezintsha ayiphazamiseki.

inkqubo Reactor yaye isimiso

Intliziyo inkwili - i-190-megawathi umphunga Kulungile-650V. Eyona mithombo iphambili yengxolo ukuba badize naluphi na inkwili zenyukliya, iquka iimpompo, njengesipholisi zokumpompa kunye TGZA (unit kwiinqwelo-gas-nezixhobo). Uyilo ngwenya enyukliya "Northwind", le yunithi iyafana naleyo isetyenziselwa phezu njengemikhombe thotho odlulileyo (kuquka "Ash" project). Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba izinga lengxolo uhlala enye - ukuba yehlile ngenxa amaqhinga ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Yaba isixhobo jet basafunda, leyo yehla kakhulu emnike, zonke izixhobo bafumana absorbers umothuko okhethekileyo. Kukho uluvo lokuba kwimeko efuna uvimba okhethekileyo, kukho GTZA qhawulo ukusuka shaft bendiza kwaye inqanawa iqhutywa injini esezantsi-ingxolo okhethekileyo. Ubuncinane ngaloo ndlela zisonjululwe umbuzo emfihlekweni "Ash".

sizukulwana sesine

Ngwenya "Northwind" - nakwesesine isizukulwana enqanaweni. Injongo yawo indawo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezenziwe ngamaxesha Soviet, i ezintsha eziphezu qwa kangangenkulungwane ngekota kwaye nixhobe nohlobo "Sineva" imijukujelwa ulwelo. Ekuqhubekekeni kwezakhiwo kule meko bayagwetyelwa: inkwili zibiza kakhulu kwaye abe nobomi ngenkonzo ende nokususwa kwe imifanekiso yabo entsha ngcembe. ocean iziphathi Strategic imijukujelwa zenyukliya Navy US unamalunga ubudala efanayo njengoko Russian, ingakumbi ukusukela ngexesha lokugqibela i-US wanikwa ingqalelo olukhethayo ekudalweni lweenqanawa ezintywilayo multi-njongo ngeendleko imingeni lokunwena lwehlabathi. Isantya zolwakhiwo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Russian aye enyuka kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona imigangatho Soviet nangoku besilela. Ngoko ke, lo nqanawa yesibini (kwaye eyesithathu) Project 955 unako ukubeka kwinkonzo kwiminyaka nje emithandathu emva kokwakhiwa.

station ive

yonke impumlo ze ngwenya "Northwind" kuhlala inkqubo ungqukuva eriyali sonar ethe kakhulu MGK-600B "Irtysh-Amphora". Enoba enamandla nayiphi ngaphansi kwezikhali omkhulu, oko kwakuya bungamampunge ngaphandle ukukwazi ukuba bahlole cala kumphezulu yokusingqongileyo kunye nemeko kwamanzi. Ngaphandle imisebenzi njengesiqhelo, owakhiwa shumopelengovanii, kujoliswe ukuqatshelwa kunye nonxibelelwano, ibhodi Gak sokukala ububanzi ngumkhenkce lokubhaqwa torpedoes nasemigodini, ukufumana umngxuma womkhenkce ezinezinga esemantla ukunika umyalelo inqanawa ezininzi nenye ingcaciso eluncedo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yokulwa.

izindululi irula

Ngwenya "Northwind" liye asinamathinzi eyahlukileyo kunye ubabalo gawula wokufika. Kukho izindululi enomjukujelwa, leyo engundoqo isixhobo ye kwamanzi injongo ekhethekileyo Cruiser. De kube mzuzu xa data yapapashwa kwi amathuba qhinga enqanaweni entsha, iingcaphephe zomkhosi babekholelwa ukuba eko. Enyanisweni ukuba akunjalo: izindululi, elinesithandathu, ngamnye kubo - enomjukujelwa "Bulava". inkqubo ubunzulu Ukuzinziswa ultraprecise inikeza isiqalo zichanile na izifundo yokulwa.

Ngoko ke yintoni na le "Bulava"?

Ngwenya "Northwind" wadalwa ukuze abe owayephethe enomjukujelwa omtsha "Bulava". Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2013 inqanawa yinxalenye Northern Fleet, kodwa nangoku kwaziwa njani kakuhle inokuba ngesibetho ukwenzakaliswa kubo. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba uhlobo olutsha emthethweni saba intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo wacinga ngaphambili. Eneneni, buhle imijukujelwa eqinileyo-fuel imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- yokugcina ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokungabandakanywa phantse ngokupheleleyo ithuba ngengozi start-up;

- a ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu;

- isiqalo lula;

- ngaphantsi sengozini kwiinkqubo imizili ukuziphendulela.

Noko ke, irula eziqinileyo oyi elincinci yesicelo yokulwa ngaphezu - kwi beyunithi - ezingamanzi efanayo. Ukongeza, netheknoloji imveliso yabo iphawulwa a lot of ubuqili.

Ngo-2013, basithwesa "Aleksandra Nevskogo" yaveliswa wayethuma "Bulava R-30", ngo ukusilela. Shell wawa kwemizuzu emibini emva kokuqala. Ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, uvavanyo ngempumelelo. Emva zokusombulula le kusungula zilandelayo nazo kwenziwa nakanjani. iimeko wedwa musa ukuvumela izigqibo oluqinisekisa wokulwa amandla lweenqanawa ezintywilayo "Northwind". TTX enomjukujelwa "Bulava" eyaziwa kuphela ngokubanzi, bakha imfihlelo karhulumente. Isebenza ukuphucula nokwandisa ukuthembeka iyaqhubeka.

Eminye imikhonjana Project 955

Ngalinye "Borey" inkwili elandelayo iqala uhlobo yohlukile kwimfezeko ekhulayo yangaphambili. Inqanawa phambili, "Yury Dolgoruky" ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2013 kubalelwa kwi siseko Navy Gadzhiyevo (SF). "Alexander Nevsky" - ngwenya elandelayo - ukususela ekupheleni konyaka omnye, wakhonza Pacific Fleet e Vilyuchinsk, njengenxalenye yeCandelo 25. Emva konyaka, ngoDisemba 2014, kwafika iyunithi wesithathu imingcelele inkwili lwenyukliya "Vladimir Monomakh" ngokusekelwe efanayo. Zonke izikhephe bathathu okwangoku lokulwa umsebenzi kwiindawo zokusebenza. Kunzima ukuba ukugweba ukuba ingaba sikelele kangakanani na isizathu soku kukuba ukulungela zobugcisa. Uqheliso oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke azinakulawuleka behlabathi a ngokucokisekileyo esebenza ngaphandle izakhono amaqela kunye kufikelelwe izinto ilifa ogqibeleleyo inqanawa phambi kokuphuma kwigumbi yokusebenza. I Sukwenza umyalelo iqulathe 55 kakhulu amagosa 52 noomatiloshe, apho izakhono neemfuno nazo phezulu kakhulu. On imisebenzi yabo njani lusebenza kakuhle kwaye, kuxhomekeke kungekuphela impumelelo kohambo olude, kodwa ke ubomi abalobi.

Okulandelayo "Borei"

Ngo-2009, le "Sevmash" wabeka inqanawa wesine kweprojekthi 955, wafumana igama St Nicholas. izixhobo Okwangoku, ngaphakathi izindlu zigqibiwe efakiweyo noomatshini zombane. Olu luguqulelo oluphambi enomjukujelwa kwamanzi unalo 955-U index.

Ngo-2014 kwaqala ukwakhiwa iiyunithi ezimbini - "Suvorov" yaye "Prince Oleg" (uguqulelo 955-A). imisebenzi zakhe kwisigaba yentlanganiso ye igobhogobho loxinzelelo.

Kuba 2015 sihlelwe kungekabekwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezimbini udidi "Boreas".

Oku kuphela ukuba ingaba Navy ezisibhozo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Russian besizukulwana sesine, akwaziwa. Mhlawumbi, inani labo baya kufikelela ezilishumi 2020. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ziya kutshintshwa emsebenzini "ifundwe" yaye "Dolphins" Project 667, nto leyo nayo esele otsluzhat ubomi bakhe.