Inkqubo Solar okwesihlandlo sokuqala yachaza Isazinzulu uNikolay Kopernik

Inkqubo solar - inkqubo kakhulu kufundwa single kwindalo iphela. Okwangoku, kukho malunga 8 ukuya iiplanethi 63 kunye neesathelayithi, akhiwe kule nkqubo. Wavula izijikelezi-langa ezincinane ezininzi kunye eziwa ezinobukhulu ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nethala nto orbit iwela kwinkqubo yonke.

Oko izazinzulu ezichazwe kuqala inkqubo nelanga? Kubhaliwe wadala kwaye ukuba kukho amathuba ebusweni ubomi kwezinye ehla-?

History of izovela

Okumangalisayo kukuba, inkqubo elanga lachazwa kuqala zezenzululwazi ogama uNikolay Kopernik ngenkulungwane XVI. Phambi kwakhe, kwi indawo kwisithuba ayemele oluncinane. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba umhlaba lo embindini iphela, yaye zonke izinto zijikeleza ngeenxa zonke. Nangona isilela izixhobo zale mihla ukuba isifundo yendawo engaphandle, uCopernicus wakwazi ukufumanisa ngokuchanileyo indawo woMhlaba esithubeni. Yena kuqala wenza imodeli wezijikelezi-langa, ehambisa heliocentric yayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke eyaziwa ngexesha zijikeleza iiplanethi ngokujikeleze iLanga ngeenxa axis yayo.

UGalileo kunye nezinye zesayensi

Kwinkulungwane elandelayo ngoncedo iteleskopu eyayingekaphuhli langa lachazwa kuqala zezenzululwazi - UGalileo Galilei. Ngoko kwakukho ubungqina ngqo le nkqubo heliocentric, okhankanywe yi uCopernicus. UGalileo wafumanisa Ukuthwasa kweenyanga ezine Bajikeleza Jupiter. Nangona kufuneka ukhumbula ukuba iinkokeli zonqulo xesha achaseneyo imodeli heliocentric kwenkqubo elanga.

ngekhulu XVIII yabalasela izinto ezintsha ngeenkwenkwezi. inkqubo Solar okwesihlandlo sokuqala yachaza sisazinzulu eyafumana iplanethi olungaziwayo - Uranus. Emva Hewana 2 uSaturn Uranus, Hewana ezimbini avuleka kuye.

Kwincopho kwi Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo elanga kwaba phakathi kwinkulungwane XX. Kwaye ngoko ke inkqubo solar lachazwa kuqala ISAZINZULU-usomajukujuku, owokuqala owabonayo ngala wam amehlo. spaceflight yamqinisekisa heliocentrically kumnyele wethu. Namhlanje ukumiselwa kwisikhululo isithuba kwaye Hewana, kwakunye moya kwezinye izijikelezi ukuphucula ukuqonda womnyele wethu.

I-Solar System neeplanethi yayo

Ilanga kunye neeplaneti yayo besive iMilky Way - kakhulu kufundwa ngayo yonke. Le ibandakanya iiplanethi 8 ezibonakalayo elundini ngohlobo iinkwenkwezi ezincinane, ebonisa osondele ukukhanya inkwenkwezi wethu - ilanga. Ke ngokuba amagama umhlaba oothixo abanqulwa abantu Greece yamandulo neRoma.

Kwakhona kwinkqubo solar akungeni ibhanti ke, ilitye, Hewana langa kunye nethala ukunqumla inkqubo inkwenkwezi. Indawo yonke njani kunye nenombolo zayo iminyele akukho ncam, kodwa ukufunda iiplanethi ezikufuphi, ininzi into esinokuyenza. Zonke iiplanethi benkqubo yethu bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: iiplanethi ezisentlabathini omkhulu. Cinga ukuza kuthi.

Planet Earth Group

Eli qela libandakanya ekuthiwa-izijikelezi-langa kufutshane ukujikeleza koMhlaba yaye ziqulathe imiphezulu nzima. Ukongeza Umhlaba, bathi: Mercury, Venus ne Mars. Kakade ke, eyona sasifunda zonke ezi iiplanethi lilizwe ekhethekileyo. Ekubeni landscape yayo ubukhalipha ubuhle, oosomajukujuku, ebukele wakhe evela emajukujukwini, obizwa ngokuba perile blue kwindawo epholileyo.

Ukuphanda ukwakheka komhlaba ngeendlela zonke iintlobo zezixhobo wenyikima, waqukumbela izazinzulu ukuba ngaphakathi planethi ngundoqo ebomvu-etshisayo engqongwe yokwaleka. indawo Small ashinyeneyo kuthiwa noqweqwe. Kuyinto ezi zifundo ziye zanceda ukufumanisa ukuba ezinye iiplanethi ezintathu ezisentlabathini abe isakhiwo esifanayo kwaye efana kakhulu omnye komnye.

Mercury

Iplanethi usondeleyo Sun - Mercury - lincinane kuthelekiswa Earth. Kuyinto amaxesha 20 ngaphantsi kwe ubunzima umhlaba ineenkalo amaxesha 2.5 ezincinane kunolo Earth. umhlaba ubucotha ukujikele- ngeenxa axis walo 58,7 iintsuku uMhlaba, kunye Mercury ejikelezayo kweLanga 88 iintsuku Earth. Le planethi kufutshane kangaka inkwenkwezi, ubushushu kwicala sunny mkhulu kuno 400 degrees Celsius, kodwa kwelinye icala elingemva zonke iqina ngama -200.

Ngowe-2009 kuphela, izazinzulu bakwazi ukwenza iimephu yokuqala zehlabathi, ngokusekelwe imifanekiso afunyenwe ngokusebenzisa ukuya baxhomekeka yakhe. Mercury ayinayo emoyeni layo kwaye efana kakhulu ukuya satellite umhlaba wethu - inyanga. Ngenxa isondele elangeni komzila okweqanda uphando olwenziwe kunzima kakhulu.

Venus ubuhle

Ngoko ke umgama yesibini ukusuka planet ilanga ukuba umoya wayo. Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba ubomi kunokwenzeka kwi Venus, kodwa, ngelishwa, akunjalo. Umoya yale planethi ixinene kakhulu kwaye ndlongondlongo. Ubukhulu becala ke ibandakanya carbon dioxide, kodwa iqulathe izinto eziyityhefu ezifana sulphuric acid.

Venus kugxile ilanga ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu Earth and, Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa icala kuyo. Ingeniso lugqityiwe kwiintsuku ezingama-225 kunye axis yayo - kangangeentsuku 243. Ngenxa lexinene ongqonge lobushushu emhlabeni le idlula degrees 500 Celsius. Ngoko, loo nto ifunyenwe iiplanethi inkqubo edl elanga.

Umhlaba - i perile blue

Umhlaba - okufundwa kuzo zonke iiplanethi. Waye wafunda eminyaka, kodwa kuphela ngenkulungwane XX wakwazi ukuba atyhile iimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa ngaphambili. Yintoni uhlobo, apho Igcwele, kunye neminye imiba. I-moya yokuqala zibe izazinzulu space iye yaqinisekisa kokucingelwayo kwaye yaqinisekisa inyaniso engenakuphikwa: uMhlaba ngeenxa kwaye baxhonywa nantoni kwisithuba ongaphandle. Namhlanje, sikuqonda kakuhle yeegesi, nangenxa kuyo bonke ngokukhuselekileyo abahlala apho.

Bafumanisa ukuba iplanethi yethu ikhona ibhanti nosiba, ezinako ekukhuseleni zonke izinto eziphilayo ezivela imitha yelanga eyingozi kunye nomoya elanga. Ezi ukuphazamiseka singabonakala njengoko izibane nobasezantsi.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuthiwa malunga elathi Umhlaba satellite - iNyanga. Kuyinto elingana uqina bobabini ngeenxa axis yayo ijikeleza uMhlaba, ngenxa oku ingabonwa kuphela icala. Le nto inegalelo yokuba inyanga kwakhona ulikhaka yomhlaba kanye ofumana elona nani likhulu awe esibhakabhakeni kuwa phezu. Umphezulu kweNyanga sele efunde kakuhle, yimingxuma okanye misinga ezininzi zithiywe kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi kwabo. Logama nje ihlala kuphela into isithuba, ukuba umntu ehambela ngayo.

mars

Esesine iiplanethi ezisentlabathini. Iplanethi ebomvu igcwele iimfihlelo ezininzi. planet emoyeni lula ngokwaneleyo, iquka ikakhulu carbon dioxide, initrogen, ioksijini buso kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Mars ngokufuthi ehlokomayo umoya osisaqhwithi, apho kwesantya somoya ifikelela 100 m / s. Ekubeni planethi sihlala amanzi uyaziwa, izazinzulu ziye ucingela ukuba kube siphila kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kunyaka on Mars ziintsuku 687, kwaye iqondo lingaphumi ngaphezu degrees-23 thabatha ehlotyeni. Kule lobushushu, ubomi, ngengqiqo abantu nzima eli gama, iMars.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ukufuna iqhubeka impucuko komhlaba. Izazinzulu kuqala bafumana amanzi phezu umhlaba ngaphandle wezijikelezi, kodwa ngoku nje uqikelelo. On iplanethi ekuthiwa uOsiris, zibekwe kumgama ukukhanya iminyaka 150, isibini zamani zaye kusolwa afumaneka Uhlalutyo. amaxesha amaninzi amalinge izazinzulu ukufumana impucuko komhlaba senja.

wezijikelezi-langa, ukuxelwa kwalo is a unique ngokuyinxenye. Sikhoyo kwi indawo ifanelekileyo kumnyele iMilky Way ngenxa sabakho kuyo. Nangona abakwazi ukubona inkqubo enjalo. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye ingqalelo inkqubo solar elikhethekileyo ngohlobo lwayo.