Oko ubuchopho buqukethe: isakhiwo

Emzimbeni womntu, ingqondo ingomnye wamalungu angamangalisa kwaye angaqondakaliyo. Ngoko, izazinzulu zisaphikisana malunga nendlela yokwenza umsebenzi. Namhlanje sizama ukulungelelanisa izigqibo zabo. Kwakhona ujonge oko ingqondo iqulethwe kuyo, yintoni imisebenzi yayo kwaye zeziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo zalo mzimba.

Isakhiwo jikelele

Ingqondo ikhusela i-crane ekhuselekile. Kuyo, umzimba uhlala ngaphezu kwe-90% yendawo. Kule meko, ubunzima bobuchopho kumadoda nabasetyhini buhlukile. Ngokomyinge, oku ku-1375 amagremu kubameli beesondo eziqinileyo, 1275 amagremu - ekubuthathaka. Kwiintsana, ubunzima bobuchopho buyi-10% yomzimba wonke, kwaye kubantu abadala kuba ngu-2-2.5% kuphela. Isakhiwo sebhunga siquka i-hemispheres ezinkulu, i-trunk kunye ne-cerebellum.

Ingqondo iquka ntoni? INzululwazi ibonisa amasebe alandelayo alo mzimba:

• Ngaphambili;
• Buyela;
• Isibongo;
• Umyinge;
• Phakathi.

Makhe sihlolisise le mimandla ngokungakumbi. Ukususela kumlanjeni womgca uthatha ukuqala kwayo. Iquka umbala omhlophe (uqhuba imigudu) kunye negrey (nuclei of neerves). Emva kwakhe ibhuloho yeenguqu. Kuyi-roller of fibers transverse of nerve and matter grey. Nanku umthamo ogqithisiweyo uphepha. Iqala kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwe-oblong eyodwa. Kancinci, idlula kwi-cerebellum equkethe i-hemispheres ezimbini. Idibaniswe ngamabini e-bridge blong, ubuchopho obuphakathi kunye ne-cerebellum.

Kwinqanaba eliphakathi kukho iibhanki ezibonakalayo nezokuhlola. Iimpawu zomnxeba ezidibanisa ingqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu ushiye kubo. Phakathi kwama-hemispheres amakhulu kukho iqondo elincinci, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kuyo i-corpus callosum. Idibanisa le masebe amakhulu amakhulu. IiHemispheres zihlanganiswe ngamagxolo. Kulapha apho umsebenzi wokucinga owenzekayo.

Yintoni ingqondo isakhiwe? Iine-shells ezintathu:

1. Iqinileyo yinqanaba le-inner surface, apho iindawo ezininzi zeentlungu zifumana khona.
2. I-spider web-kufuphi kufuphi ne-cortex, kodwa ingabonakali i-gyrus. Phakathi kwayo kunye negobolondo elukhuni ngumthombo wamanzi. Okulandelayo kuza u-cerebrospinal fluid, kwaye emva koko i-bark ngokwayo.
3. I-Soft - iqulethwe kwinkqubo yemida yegazi kunye nezicubu ezixhasayo ezondla ingqondo kunye noqhagamshelwano nomhlaba wonke.

Iinjongo

Ingqondo iququzelela ulwazi oluvela kwi-receptors nganye, ulawula ukunyakaza kunye nokubandakanya kwinkqubo yokucinga. Isebe ngalinye linomsebenzi walo. Umzekelo, kwiziko le- medulla oblongata ezikhoyo, eziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela, ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukukhenkceza, ukukrazula nokuhlanza. Kwakhona kufaka ukuphefumla, ukugwinya, umlenze kunye nejusi yesisu.

IVaroliev Bridge inikeza ukunyakaza kweebona kunye nomsebenzi wemisipha yomzimba. I-cerebellum ilawula ukulungelelaniswa nokulungelelaniswa kwezinto. Kwaye kumbindi ophakathi, umsebenzi olawulayo uqhutyelwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-acuity of hearing nokubona. Ngombulelo ngomsebenzi wakhe, abafundi, ngokomzekelo, banako ukwandisa nokuthengisa. Oko kukuthi, ithoni yezilonda zamehlo ixhomekeka kuyo. Ikwabandakanya namaziko emigulane enoxanduva lokuqhelanisa neziko kwindawo.

Kodwa ingqondo ingakanani phakathi? Kukho amaqela amaninzi:

• Thalamus. Kwakhona kuthiwa ngumtshini, kuba ukuvakalelwa kwintlungu, izinga lokushisa, i-muscle, i-auditory kunye nezinye i-receptors zenziwa kwaye zenziwe apha. Siyabulela kule ngingqi, iindawo zokuvuka kunye nokuguquka kokulala.
• Hypothalamus. Ilawula intlawulo yenhliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokunyusa umzimba. Uxanduva lwemoya yeemvakalelo, kuba ukusuka apha kukho impembelelo kwinkqubo ye-endocrine yokuvelisa ama-hormone ukunqoba uxinzelelo. Ilawula uvakalelo lwenxano, indlala kunye nokuxhamla, ukuzonwabisa kunye nobulili.
• Umzimba we-pituitary. Apha ama-hormone aveliswa ngexesha lokukhula komzimba, ukuphuhliswa kunye nomsebenzi.
• Epithalamus. Iqukethe i-epiphysis, apho izidalwa zemihla ngemihla zilawulwa, ubuthongo obunempilo kunye nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo ngemini kunikwa, ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Unako ukuva ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagagasi okukhanya ngisho ngebhokisi lekhayi, ukunikezela le njongo okanye ubuninzi bee-hormone.

Ziziphi iimbumba zeengqondo ezijongene nazo?

Ilungelo lugcina lonke ulwazi malunga nehlabathi kunye nokusebenzisana konke komntu. Inoxanduva lomsebenzi wezandla zalo zokunene. Ikhohlo lilawula umsebenzi wezitho zentetho. Nanku kukho ukucamngca, ukucinga okungabonakaliyo kunye nezibalo ezahlukeneyo. Ngalolu caleni, iinjongo ezisekhohlo zijongwa.

Ngokwahlukileyo kuyimfuneko ukuthetha malunga neendlela ezifana neengcingo zengqondo. Zizinto ezingenanto, ezixhomekeke kwi-ependyma. Ziyadalwa ukusuka kwisigxina se-neural tube ngendlela ye-blister, eziguqulwa zibe yi-ventricles yengqondo. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko ngumveliso kunye nokusasazwa kwe- cerebrospinal fluid. Amasebe aqulethwe ngeesibini, esithathu nesine. Ii-hemispheres zahlula zibe ziingxenye ezine: zangaphambili, i-temporal, i-parietal kunye ne-occipital.

Lobe yangaphambili

Le nxalenye ifana ne-navigator kwinqanawa. Nguye onoxanduva lokuhlala komzimba womntu kwindawo efanelekileyo. Apha, umsebenzi, ukuzimela, isicwangciso kunye nesisa. Ukuzihlola okubalulekileyo kunokukwenziwa kwakhona. Ngamafutshane, ukuphazamiseka kuncinane kuvela kwi-lobe yangaphambili kubangela ukuziphatha okungonelanelekanga komntu, izenzo ezingenanto, ukuchithwa kunye nokuguquka kwemizwelo eyahlukeneyo. Ulawulo lokuziphatha luvela kulo. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi weziko lokulawula, olapha apha, uphinde uvimbele ukuziphatha okungalunganga kunye nokungabikho komthetho. I-lobe yangaphambili ibalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo. Ndiyabulela kuye, izakhono ezithile zifumaneke, izakhono ezingeniswa kwi-automatism.

Lobes Temporal

Apha - isitolo sememori yesikhathi eside. Ngakwesobunxele, amagama athile, izinto, iziganeko kunye nokudibanisa ukuqokelela, kunye nemifanekiso ebonakalayo. I-lobes temporal iyayiqonda inkulumo. Ngelo xesha, inxalenye engasekhohlo iyayichaza intsingiselo yento ekuthethwe ngayo, kwaye kwicala lesokunene lenza ukuqonda kwaye, ngokuhambelana nalo, umzobo wokulinganisa, ubonisa isimo sengqondo kunye nokuqonda kwabanye.

Izabelo ezimnyama

Babona intlungu, kubanda okanye kushushu. Inxalenye emnyama inamalungu amabini: ilungelo kunye nekhohlo. Kanye namanye amacandelo ebhunga, asebenza ngokungafaniyo. Ngoko, ikhohlo lenza iziqhekeza ezahlukileyo, zidibanisa, ngenxa yokuba umntu uyakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Apha, ezinye izilungiso zokusebenza ziyakwazi ukuphumeza enye okanye enye inye. I-lobe ye-parietal lobe iyaguqula yonke inkcazelo evela kumacilital parts, kwaye idala umfanekiso wesithathu. Kukho ukuqhelaniswa kwendawo yokubonelela kunikezelwa, umgama kunye nokunye okunjalo kunqunywe.

Lo lophitalital

Ubona ulwazi olubonwayo. Siyabona izinto ezijikelezayo njengeziphoso, ezibonisa ukukhanya ukusuka kwi-retina yamehlo. Ngeempawu zokukhanya, ulwazi malunga nombala, ukunyakaza kwezinto kuguqulwa. Kukho imifanekiso emithathu.

Izifo

Ummandla uphantsi kwezifo ezininzi. Phakathi kwezona ziyingozi kakhulu zilandelayo:

• Izidumbu;
• Iintsholongwane;
• Isifo se-Vascular;
• Izifo ze-neurodeergenerative.

Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi. Iimbilini zengqondo zingabonakala zihluke kakhulu. Kwaye, njengamanye amanxalenye omzimba, bobabini banobungozi kwaye banobungozi. Ezi ziko zivela ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwimisebenzi yokuzala yezisele. Ulawulo luphulwa. Kwaye baqala ukwanda. Iimpawu ziquka i-nicea, intlungu, ukudibana, ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo, ukukhulelwa, kunye nokukhubazeka okubonakalayo.

Izifo ezigulo ziquka izifo ezinjalo:

1. Encephalitis. Kwimeko yomntu uyadideka. Uhlala eziva elele, kukho umngcipheko wokuwela kwi-coma.
2. I-meningitis enobuchopho. Intloko ifaka. Kukho umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuhlanza kunye nobuthathaka jikelele.
3. Encephalomyelitis. Isigulane sinesidumbu, izakhono zezithuthi ziphukile, ukushisa kuphakama, ukuhlanza kunokwenzeka.

Xa inani lezifo lwenzeka, iinqwelo zengqondo zincinci. Kukho ukukhutshwa kweendonga zabo, ukutshatyalaliswa njalo njalo. Ngenxa yale nto, imemori ingaphazamiseka, intloko ingaba ne-dizzy, intlungu ingavelelwa. Ukujikelezwa kwegazi kwengqondo akusebenzi kakuhle kwixinzelelo eliphezulu, ukuphuka kwe-aneurysm, ukuphazamiseka nokunye okunjalo. Kwaye ngenxa yezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenenerative, ezifana nesifo sikaFarah, iHuntington okanye i-Alzheimer, imemori iphukile, isizathu siyalahleka, ukuxubha kwizitho, intlungu, ukuxubha kunye ne-spasms.

Isiphelo

Esi sisakhiwo sesigungu sethu esingaqondakaliyo. Kuyaziwa ukuba umntu usebenzisa iincinci ezincinci zamathuba angagqitywa ngalo mzimba. Mhlawumbi ngelinye ilanga uluntu luyakwazi ukutyhila ukuba lunokuba lukhulu kangakanani kunamhlanje. Okwangoku, izazinzulu zizama ukufunda ngezinto ezithandekayo. Nangona, ngendlela, le mizamo kude kube yimpumelelo kakhulu.