Kazakhstan: izimbiwa eli lizwe, ixhoba labo. izimbiwa Ore of Kazakhstan

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, onke amehlo aye swi iRussia. Kodwa ukuba ufunda ngenyameko imaphu, uya kubona ukuba loo ntsimi esifanayo nokuba zikarhulumente enye enkulu, abahlala kwindawo yethoba simo lehlabathi mazwe ezinkulu - Kazakhstan.

Ezi iinxalenye ezimbini zehlabathi

Igama urhulumente usinike igama elithi "Kazakh", nto leyo iba imvelaphi Turkish kwaye uthetha enye ukwehluka "Cossack" yayo Russian - ". Man ezamahala" Abantu Free waba indawo kukuhambahamba, kuba nkqu ukusuka iikhilomitha yangoku ngaphezu kwezigidi 2.7 sikwere indawo komhlaba ngaphezu kwamashumi amane ekhulwini iyintlango. Kwaye ukuba sime semi-entlango, ngoko lo mmandla phantse hlali ohlala phantse amathandathu ekhulwini Kazakhstan.

Le meko - enye embalwa ogama intsimi ibekwe iinxalenye ezimbini zehlabathi - Europe kunye Asia. Kutshanje ukungangqinelani kwenzeka kwinkcazelo imida yehlabathi. Ukuba ngaphambili umda uzotywe ecaleni phambene River, kodwa ngoku abanye bayavuma ukuba kuyimfuneko ukutyhalela ngaphezulu phambene Iintaba. Enoba imithombo okanye athathe, nantoni na imida phakathi kwezahlulo ihlabathi lwenziwa, iba yinxalenye enkulu Kazakhstan e Asia, yaye ezincinane - eYurophu.

Ekuqaleni, abantu kwakunikelwa ngokwawo Kazakhs. Kodwa ekubeni yiSoviet Union, xa kwakukho amazwe kwenqwaba zabahlali kweli lizwe - ngobungxamo IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, uphuhliso kumazwe yintombi - ukwakhiwa nobuhlanga owazuzwa State ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi ekwandeni kokuqukuqela abafakwa, xa bathe bafumana imali enkulu kwezibonelelo izimbiwa of Kazakhstan. Kunye nophuhliso yesibambiso zabo lwenzeke iimfuno zamashishini yiSoviet.

Periodic Table emathunjini

Ngokwemiqathango yokwakheka Kazakhstan obuninzi kwezimbiwa. Ezinzulwini meko ifihlakeleyo phantse etafileni lonke ngamaxesha athile. Amakhulu imichiza engaphelelanga sebephonononge iidipozithi angamashumi asixhenxe. Ngelo nemveliso ngexesha elifanayo amathandathu kubo ehamba ngesantya ngokupheleleyo. Esi sikhundla kuluncedo eli lizwe kunye izibonelelo ezimiselwe ezahlukeneyo bezakhelo zomhlaba kwi kwintsimi enkulu kangaka. Kwaye ke isakhiwo zejoloji le isiseko into yokuba kwezimbiwa Kazakhstan zimalunga phantse ngqo kuzo zonke iingingqi zeli lizwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho malunga namakhulu amahlanu amasimi ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwewaka iintlobo kwezimbiwa. Ngelishwa, imimandla ephambili elalisakuba yiSoviet Union bachaphazeleka ngokungalunganga uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. esitokisini Ngoko ke omkhulu ezinye izibonelelo Kazakhstan baba ngeendlela ezininzi zange ziphuhliswe.

indawo Northern

Land of Northern Kazakhstan na iziko loshishino ekrwada intsimbi, ezisenokusebenza njengsixhobo zempahla ekrwada ukuba imveliso aluminiyam kunye negolide. Oovimba ekrwada magnetite kunye burozheleznyakovyh ezigidi eetoni. Ke yena bebe kule ngingqi ixesha elide. Kwaphuhliswa nezinki zam ezinkulu nimlahle iidiphozithi asbestos eSoviet Union. Ngaphandle kungasentla, izimbiwa Northern Kazakhstan - a iidipozithi ebonakalayo ores ezinomthamo ephakamileyo nickel, ayibe, inkcenkce, tantalum, kunye titanium, kodwa nangoku kukwinqanam sophuhliso. Ibinzana elifanayo - okulindelekileyo zophuhliso - isebenza idipozithi ekhethekileyo iidayimani mveliso. Ndiyavuya mna kuphela ukuba imigodi akukho emkhenkceni, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe baqale ukuba baqaphela. Ngokomzekelo, waqala uphuhliso ores isityebi zinc, entsimini Shaimerden.

Orient

imithombo yezimbiwa ka East Kazakhstan lucaciswa ngokuyintloko ores polymetallic. Oku ikakhulu ilothe nezinki, ndawonye apho ngobhedu licatshulwa esikrwada, negolide platinum izinto ezixabisekileyo. Ezi iindawo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane epesenti oovimba i-Kazakh yegolide. Ukongeza, le meko Kuyakhuthaza ukuba enkulu Kazakh oovimba empumalanga ekrwada titanium kuphela ayavelelwa, kodwa waqala eziza kuphuhliswa.

Central Kazakhstan

nezitya Coal kweli lizwe idume kakhulu Central Kazakhstan. Leetyuwa ngaphandle carbon isiqina - kulo ubekwa kwisiqulatho eliphezulu manganese, Tungsten, molybdenum. imimandla Umda lizwe yinto eqhelekileyo. kummandla Central na ukudibana nabanye iingingqi, ngoko oovimba ilothe nezinki, ikuyo le engundoqo ezisemantla nasempuma Kazakhstan babe iidipozithi embindini kweli lizwe.

South Kazakhstan

amazwe Southern yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwezinye iingingqi karhulumente, nkqu engundoqo, entlango. Ngako oko ke, kufuneka unique, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinxalenye of Kazakhstan, iidipozithi. Imali ye uranium ekrwada kumazantsi eli lizwe yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini, olubalelwa kuba ngaphezu kwe amabini ekhulwini woovimba zehlabathi. Basungula ndlela mihla - in-situ leaching. Ngaphandle uranium esikrwada, kumazantsi Kazakhstan idume iidipozithi rock phosphate.

amazwe Western

Phantse bonke oovimba ezizizembiwa zimi amazwe Kazakhstan Koloni. Ngaphezu koko, amafutha igcina ilizwe phakathi elinesibini phezulu ithi eli hlabathi, kunye noovimba igesi - eziphezulu mabini. Ngaphandle hydrocarbon, entshona kufunxwa iityuwa potassium ibhoroni kunye chromite ngokwemvelo.

Iinkokeli zehlabathi

Neyantlukwano bezakhelo zomhlaba kukhokelele ekubeni ukuba kwenzeka Kazakhstan, imithombo yezimbiwa kweli lizwe, yake yathi: kwezinye iindawo abahlala kwindawo ephambili ehlabathini. Ngoko ke akukho nto isimanga yokuba kweli lizwe ngayo oovimba inkulu ehlabathini ekrwada eziqulathe zinc, Tungsten, barite. indawo yesibini isilivere ehlabathini, yepeyinti chromite. Kazakhstan phakathi eziphezulu amagunya ehlabathi ezintlanu ngobukhulu-ore equlethe sobhedu, molybdenum, igolide, kunye fluorite. Kodwa ukuba ufuna uhlolo kwezoqoqosho ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi izimbiwa, eyona ibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho kukarhulumente uya kuba amalahle neoli.

wamalahle

Ekuqaleni, lo vimba uphambili of Kazakhstan wenza amalahle. ukukhula odumileyo (ngenxa yokuba ibinzana catch) Karaganda kwenzeka ngenxa yeemfuno karhulumente oselula yiSoviet efumaneka emalahleni. iindawo Unpopulated ngexesha Central Kazakhstan zaye eziphicothwe phambi kwamalahle kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kodwa kwabonakala zokuhlala abasebenzi yokuqala 'apha kuphela ngosuku lwamashumi amabini ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukuze ngokubonakalayo kwi Karaganda amalahle sokuhlambela yaqala banesifo zenkulungwane wokugqibela, xa ilizwe lifumana imfuneko obukhulu amafutha kunye izinto kushishino ngentsimbi le. Ngapha koko, le ndawo coking wamalahle, nto leyo umgangatho ophezulu ezifunwayo shishino. Ngoko ke, lo lwemigodi yantlandlolo pre-imfazwe e Kazakhstan lancitshiswa ngezizukulwana wamalahle. Kweli xesha lophuhliso olusebenzayo kwemigodi yamalahle kwimimandla esemantla ngakumbi endle ores burozheleznyakovyh. Oku kokuqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza metallurgical shishino ka Kazakhstan. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezifumanekayo Karaganda amalahle isitya 80 coalbed kwiimitha ezili-120 ubukhulu kwaye isikhongozeli neetoni 45 billion. iindawo zakhe ibekwe kwiindawo ezintathu eyintloko yelizwe. imigodi Coal nako kusendleleni kwi Ekibastuz amalahle isitya.

hydrocarbon

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union - oyile kubukho bukaThixo nerhasi emhlabeni - kumazwe amaninzi post-eSoviet ziye kuxhomekeke eRashiya, ngokuba ezi oovimba hydrocarbon zaye zasasazwa edyokhweni kwilizwe liphela. Kodwa abazange kuhluthwa Kazakhstan. Izimbiwa equlathe hydrocarbon, eUnited elalisandul 'ukusekwa ezibe ngaphezu kwemfuneko. Second eposini ubungakanani zolondolozo, kunye nabanye - igesi yendalo. Kodwa ke uphuhliso bokuhlala kushishino oyile negesi kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union ngeendlela ezimbini abachaphazelekayo icandelo ngethuba wokuzimela of Kazakhstan. Kwelinye icala - a sisityebi idipozithi. Ngokutsho loovimba neoli izibilini zomhlaba, Kazakhstan liqela ephambili jikelele, ukuba phantse ezimbini pesenti zonke iidipozithi eziphicothwe lemveliso emhlabeni, nto leyo malunga gidi ezine iitoni. Kancinane ngaphantsi kwe koovimba igesi yendalo Kazakhstan: xa ipesenti ngokwemiqathango lilonke jikelele - omnye malunga ekhulwini, esiphantse billion amabini cubic metres. Kwelinye icala, kwi yokutsala ekugxilwe Union oli eSiberia kunye negesi kwakhokelela ekubeni icala Kazakhstan yaba ngaphantsi eziphuhlileyo ngakumbi ilizwana elikufuphi.

ezimbiwa ore

minerals Ore ezisetyenziswa kakhulu Kazakhstan. Noninzi lwezinto nsimbi bebekelwa emazweni kumntla karhulumente, apho kukho phezulu ukuya asibhozo anesihlanu ekhulwini loovimba zizonke zeli lizwe. Ezinye nsimbi ziphezulu kangangokuba umxholo intsimbi kuzo mkhulu kunalowo isiqingatha ekrwada. Kodwa abaqhelekileyo Kazakh yokutsala ekrwada ibe ngaphezu kwamashumi amane ekhulwini yentsimbi.

Angamashumi alithoba anethoba ekhulwini iidipozithi chromium ibekwe ngasezantsi luyakunceda iintaba nemvelo; abadumileyo ngamagama e Kazakhstan Mugodzhary. State ubonisa yesibini kwihlabathi ngokwemiqathango kwemigodi chromite.

Manganese ore iidipozithi zasekuhlaleni, nto leyo obonelela umthamo yesibini ico, kufuneka ukuya kwi-27% omxholo yesinyithi.

ukwembiwa kweli lizwe oluqhutywa amasimi efanayo (Zhezkazgan, Orel, uNicholas) ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela waphelelwa lwabo ngcembe. Ngoko ke, yonke imizamo yenziwe zokugunyaziswa kophuhliso olutsha yeMpuma Kazakhstan. Ngelo xesha linye khangela ores zobhedu kwenziwa kwimimandla Central kunye Western kweli lizwe.

Kwakhona, xa sithetha Kazakhstan, izimbiwa eli lizwe equlathe igolide, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imveliso ye metal anqabileyo element ekuqaleni nje usenokwenzakala kuphuhliso ores Polymer. Ngoku Uphuhliso kwegolide kuqhutywa kwiingingqi 16 lizwe. Wayiphuthaphutha ngamasimi 190, yaye koovimba negolide Kazakhstan ubekwa kwindawo yesihlanu ehlabathini. Ngoku ezisebenza imigodi yegolide exhaswa yi igolide phezu engamashumi amahlanu ezayo.

ezimbiwa nonmetallic

imithombo yezimbiwa of Kazakhstan ukuba ayiphelelanga ores kunye namalahle. Le urhulumente esisityebi kwemali asbestos uninzi lwazo ibekwe Zhetygarinskom kunye Zhezkaganskom namasimi. Ukongeza, lelizwe lasezantsi Mugodzhar zizityebi lwesi sakhi, nangona ngaphantsi okukhulu kuphuhliswa.

ukumbiwa e Kazakhstan aphuhliswe kakhulu kwicala nokususwa evela izibilini umhlaba phosphate. Stocks leziqalelo phosphorus kwi kumazantsi eli lizwe yesibini ehlabathini ngomthamo, kwaye umxholo mveliso omkhulu achazayo.

Ngaphandle kwezi zinto nonmetallic kwi the lweCaspian uxinezeleko Kazakhstan ibhaqhe ibonwe isitokhwe iityuwa. Ingxenye ityuwa-zithwele Yahlula awudluli kwiikhilomitha ezingama ezimbini.

Ukushwankathela konke oku kungasentla, siphawula ukuba lizwe zizityebi iidipozithi ezahlukeneyo. Izimbiwa of the Republic of Kazakhstan ukuba umgangatho uphezulu. Ngelishwa, uyilo sawo minkarhi hinkwayo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. A kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqoqosho urhulumente amalahle kwemigodi, oyile negesi.