Ihlathi lilibutyebi bethu! Kubaluleka, ukukhuselwa nokukhuselwa kwamahlathi. Amahlathi aseRashiya

Ngaphantsi kweSoviet Union kwakukho izivakalisi "Ihlathi libutyebi bethu" okanye "Nakekela ihlathi". Enyanisweni, oku kuyinkxaso yemithi, engasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Le yile mafutha, kunye nezinto zokwakha, kunye nemveliso yamaphepha, kunye neminye imisebenzi yemisebenzi yabantu. Yaye ukuba uyayiphatha ngokucophelela le ndlela kunye neendlela ezifana nezoshishino, unokufumana inzuzo ebonakalayo yezoqoqosho kunye nokuphucula imvelo yelizwe lonke.

Yintoni ihlathi?

Ihlathi ukusuka kummandla weendawo kunye neengcinga zezinto eziphilayo - eli lizwe le-sushi enkulu, eninzi nemithi, ehlahleni phakathi kwabo kunye nezinye izityalo. Amahlathi aseRashiya ahlala kwindawo engama-hektare angama-850 engama-hekta nganye (1712518700 ha - indawo yombuso).

Ihlathi liyi-ecosystem ehambelana ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingapheliyo. Iyokuqala iquka zonke izityalo, i-micro-organisms kunye nezilwanyana zasendle. Okwesibini - umoya, amanzi nomhlaba. Kwaye ukubunjwa kwehlathi, izityalo kunye nezidalwa zaso zixhomekeke kwisakhi esingapheliyo (abiotic).

Indima yamahlathi kwimvelo

Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba indawo yehlathi ibe ngumthengi, namhlanje imeko ihlukile. Abantu abaninzi abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko baqala ukuqonda ukuba ihlathi ubutyebi bethu, kwaye baqala ukubiza ukuba basebenzise ngakumbi. Impembelelo yengqongileyo yile ndlela ilandelayo:

• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumjikelezo wamanzi kwindalo kunye nenkxaso yokulinganisela kwamanzi.
• Ukuqulunqwa komhlaba.
• Ukuba khona kwamahlathi kuthintela ukwakha isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
• Amahlathi ayanciphisa inani lekhabhoni emoyeni, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa umgangatho wokutsalwa kwe- greenhouse.

Indima yehlathi kwi-economic state

Kumaxesha e-Kievan Rus, ihlathi lalibaluleke gqitha. Ubutyebi bethu bubekho kwiindlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwayo. Umzekelo, oku:

• Umthombo wezilwanyana kunye nokutya kwezityalo;
• Izinto zokwakha;
• Umthombo wamafutha (ukhuni, amalahle, i- biofuel);
• Izixhobo ezirhwebayo kumashishini afana ne-pulp kunye nephepha, iikhemikhali, i-woodworking;
• Umthombo wokutya kwezilwanyana.

Ukutyalwa kwemifuno emifino-kokubili kunye nokulawulwa-kunempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. Ihlathi liyakwazi ukuguqula inxalenye yezinto ezingcolisayo, ingakumbi kwizendalo. Ezi zakhiwo zininzi i-coniferous, i-birch namahlathi e-Lindind. Bawutshisa kakhulu uthuli kunye nokungcola kwimizi, oko kutheni amahlathi atyalwe ngendlela yeepaki okanye ama-groves ezixekweni. I-phytoncides ekhutshwe yimithi ethile yemithi igalelo ekuphiliseni. Ngako oko, simele sihlale sikhumbula ukuba ihlathi lunobutyebi bethu, kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokucokisekileyo.

Ukulimala ekunqumeni komthi ongenanto

Nangona ihlathi liyi-self-replication and self-regenerating ecosystem, lifuna ukukhuselwa kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezimbi. Oku kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kweenkuni kunye nokunyuswa kwengcoliseko yengqongileyo. Kunzima ukugqithisa ixabiso lehlathi. Kodwa into yokuba indima yayo ayinakunikwa ixesha elide lidale ingozi engenakucinganiswa nakwezinye iindawo zaseRussian Federation.

Intlekele enkulu eyabangelwa kukutshitshiswa kwamahlathi kwinqunta yolwandle lwe-Aral. Ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwemithi, umjikelo womjikelo wamanzi kwiindawo ezikufutshane kunye nolwandle uqobo lwaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka kwamanzi kunye nokungalawulwa kwamanzi kukunkcenkceshela umhlaba wokulima. Ulwandle lwe-Aral luye lwaba lukhuni kangangokuthi luhlulwe ngamachibi amabini.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemithi ecaleni kolwandle lwaseVolga kukhokelela kwimeko efanayo. Umlambo usuke ungezantsi kangangokuba izitya ezinomxholo obunzulu awunakudlulela kwicala. Ukutyala ngokubanzi kwehlathi kuyimfuneko, kangangokuthi kwiminyaka embalwa inqanaba lentengo yendalo incitshiswa. Mhlawumbi ke umgangatho wamanzi uya kuvuka.

Amahlathi eRashiya kunye nokukhuselwa kwabo

Ekubeni imithi idlala indima enkulu kuluntu kwaye ichaphazela imeko yendalo, idinga unyango olululo kunye nokukhuselwa. E-Rashiya, ukukhuselwa kwabo, imithetho yombuso ikhutshwe ngokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamaphecana ehlathi, kunye namanyathelo okukhusela nokubuyisela.

Ngokomthetho woKhuselo lokusingqongileyo, uMgaqo-siseko we-RF, i-Code Code, i-Code Code, i-UN Declaration kunye nezinye izenzo zokumisela, ukukhuselwa nokukhuselwa kwamahlathi kwenziwa ngokubeka iliso, ukudala nokugcinwa kwezinto ezikhoyo zehlathi, ukuphuhliswa kwamahlathi. Zonke ezi nyathelo, umbutho wabo ochanekileyo uvumela ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwemithombo yendalo. Ubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabo bahlanganisa amahlathi - ngoncedo lwabo eninzi imiba enxulumene nokukhuselwa kwemithi kunye nezinye izikhala eziluhlaza zixazululwa.

Amahlathi kunye namahlathi

Amahlathi aseRussia afuna ukukhuselwa kunye nokunyanga ngokuzikhethela. Ibhunga eliphambili elijongene nalo lihlathi. Inemisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukukhuselwa kwezityalo zehlathi ukususwa okungagunyaziwe;
• Ukukhuselwa nokukhuselwa kwezilwanyana;
• Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kwemiba eyomileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko womlilo;
• Ukubonelelwa kokukhusela umlilo;
• Ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana ezisuka ekuqothulweni;
• Ukutyala izityalo ezintsha ukubuyisela ihlathi.

Amanyathelo anjalo avumela ukulondoloza ubuninzi kunye nokufaneleka kwehlathi laseRashiya. Amafama amashishini angakwazi ukulawula inani lemithi nganye kwiindidi ngokusika nokutshala izithombo, ngaloo ndlela igcine ihlathi ngendlela yalo yangaphambili. Ukuba ukulawulwa okunjalo kwakungeke kwenziwe, imithi ethile yayiza kuthatyathwa ngabanye ngokungalawulwayo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo yonke indawo yezilwanyana kunye nezolimo ezitshintshayo. Kuphela ngeendlela zonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zinokugcinwa kwehlathi. Ubutyebi bethu kufuneka bwandiswe, kungabi nciphise minyaka yonke.

Amahlathi kunye nokukhusela kwabo emlilweni

Nangona abaninzi baqonda ukuba ihlathi lunobutyebi bethu, kwaye kufuneka lukhuselwe, umlilo usengxaki enkulu. Ngokukodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukho umlilo wamahlathi ehlobo, ebonakaliswa ngumoya ophantsi ophezulu, ukushisa okuphezulu kwaye akukho mvula yenkomo ixesha elide. Ngokukhawuleza umlilo usasazeka emoyeni oqinileyo. Ngaphandle kwemithetho eyamkelweyo, isiseko sezinto zokwenza imilinganiselo epheleleyo yokuthintela nokukhuselwa komlilo kubuthathaka kakhulu.

Ukungaphumeleli okunjalo kuboniswa ngumlilo, apho amahlathi aseRashiya kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo zihlupheke. Ngomhla wama-2014, imililo yayivame ukuba ngoJuni isisombululo esibalulekileyo sakhishwa ngokuzisa izilungiso kwimigaqo yokubeka iliso kwiinkcukacha zokhuseleko lomlilo. Oku kwenzeka emva komlilo eTransbaikalia (u-Apreli 2014), i-Amur (ngo-Ephreli 2014) kunye nommandla wase-Irkutsk. Kwiindawo ezininzi, ii-regimes zengxamiseko ziye zaziswa kunye namahlathi kubemi beendawo zokuhlala zingavumelekile.

Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe buya kunceda ukukhusela imililo emahlathini, kodwa ukuza kutsho ukuba ummandla wemihlathi ekhutshwe ngumlilo iyanda. Xa lonke uluntu lithatha inkathalo eninzi yemithi, isiseko esipheleleyo sezinto kunye nesiseko sobugcisa siya kwenziwa, kwaye ukhuseleko luya kusebenza ngakumbi.