Gorbanevskaya Natalia: "Ukuze ube neentloni phambi kwabantwana"

Gorbanevskaya Natalia wasweleka ngesiquphe - Novemba 30, 2013. komngcwabo e Paris ndaqokelela inani elikhulu labantu, kuquka abameli aliqela kumazwe aseYurophu. Kuphela urhulumente Russian akazange emelwe yi nabani.

Natalia Gorbanevskaya: biography abantu Heroine

NgoDisemba 1969, ukubanjwa Natali Gorbanevskoy, wazalwa ngo-1936. Imbongi onesiphiwo Natalia Gorbanevskaya ngo-1963 izidanga kwicandelo philological ka iLeningrad State University. Ngaba nxaxheba ukuba umboniso ehleli Red Square Agasti 25, 1968 ngokuchasene ukuhlaselwa yeCzechoslovakia, umbhali we "Noon" iincwadi, esixelela inyaniso ngale senzo. Natalia - ilungu leqela mzamo yokukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu eSoviet Union. Yena ngomnye wabaseki kwaye umhleli yokuqala "yemihla Events zangoku", unina wabantwana ababini.

isihobe kulahlwe

Wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala xa Stalin wafa ngoMatshi 1956. Emva kokuba XX Congress of Communist Party, leyo ziyabhencwa ukunqulwa Iosifa Vissarionovicha, uNatalia kulindeleke utshintsho. Kodwa ingalandelwa, kodwa wakhululwa inani elikhulu amabanjwa. Kwaye ke kaloku kwezithandani ye revolution isiHungary ngo-1956, kwaye kwacaca ukuba sele nto iya kutshintsha. Ezinye imigca, leyo zabhalwa Natalia Gorbanevskaya, imibongo ezinikelwe Hungary, zazingabonakali kupapashwa:

Chizhi ukucula kokusa.

Kodwa kutheni njengenciniba bee emnyameni,

Eyolukileyo amaphiko eliphakathi?

Awu, lo abasebubini abanike ukukhanya okuvela izibane ezibengezelayo!

Ilanga umntu olufihliweyo.

Yonke le nto yaqala samizdat

Ngowe-1955 Natalia Gorbanevskaya yayiquka neembongi Z Chertnova, eliyi kunye Valentina Krasovitskogo Khromov. Ngazo kwakunokwenzeka ukuba aqhube incoko evulelekileyo simahla. Kwaye Natalia bangena bume zemibongo, xa ndaqalisa ukubhala ngokwayo lukwavelisa samizdat. Oomatshini bokuchwetheza eyayisele units, ngoko bonke ezikopishwe ngesandla. Natalia wafumana wokuchwetheza wakhe kumama wakhe, bangabhala ukusa kumkhamo othile.

Sifika utyelelo imini enye ukuya Anne Andreevne Ahmatovoy, Gorbanevskaya Natalia esandleni ukopishe umbongo "Requiem" (yoovimba "iSikhumbuzo" wagcina uhlelo lokuqala mbongo samizdat eziprintiweyo N. Gorbanevskaya), ngoko umntu iprintwe oko kwimibhalo eziliqela, labanika abantu. Zihanjiswa isicelo ukubuyisela ikopi kuphela kuyo. Kodwa ukwenza enye. A sasasaza ngaphezu kwekhulu iikopi ....

"Noon"

Ngo-Agasti 1968 isicelo senziwe yi-Czechoslovak Republic kuncedo likaxakeka, kuquka uncedo emkhosini, ngenxa isisongelo kwisistim yali ekhoyo kweli lizwe.

Iintshukumo ezininzi izigqibo nxamnye ndlongo yeCzechoslovakia, yaba ukusebenza Natalia Gorbanevskaya. Yaba wahlala phantsi umboniso eneebhanile nemikhanzi. Ngaloo mini, xa umboniso Natalia wayekunye nonyana wakhe nyanga-3 ubudala, uYosefu.

Ekhaya Gorbanevskaya Natalya walala phantsi samizdat kwebhedi. Okokuqala kukhangela endlini yakhe ezigcinwe ngoko nangoko emva kokuba umboniso yaye bababamba yonke istokhwe seencwadi samizdat. A wophendlo yaqhutywa ngomhla lokuhamba yakhe noPavel Litvinov kunye vuyerisa e Usugli Bogoras e Chuny. Abantu abaye bafeza uphendlo lwe Natalia, ngokufanelekileyo babekholelwa ukuba abahlobo lucky olufunyenwe ngeli xesha samizdat. Ukususela memoirs ye Natalia kakhulu: "Ndaba ubhaka enkulu kunye ebhegini. Kwaye phantse yonke self-upapasho, mna agobe kwibhegi, waza wabeka ubhaka encinane. Ke kaloku, xa ukukhangela kum, kuqala babephengulula kubhaka, waza wagqiba ukuba ahlole esofeni. Ndabeka ingxowa phantsi. Isingqengqelo akazange afumane nto, ngoko ndafudukela kwigumbi elikhulu, apho umama wahlala ndawonye nabantwana. Lyuba Alekseeva, lowo ukufuna kwam, wabeka umva ingxowa esofeni, yaphosa iimpahla zakhe. Kwaye ngenxa yakhe le bhegi lonke samizdat yasinda. '

December 25, 1969 yaba ekubanjweni Natali Gorbanevskoy. Iingongoma eziphambili izityholo ke "ebhaliweyo ethi" Noon "yaye" utshintsho ngokwenkqubo ngemiba "Chronicle of Events zangoku". Kufunyenwe ubume 'nankathalo "yaye wathunyelwa unyango esisinyanzelo.

Ngowe-1972 yokushiywa eSoviet Union ngokupheleleyo, kodwa wakhululwa Gorbanevskaya Natalia ugqiba ukuya naphi na ukusuka USSR. "Yayingathi thiki ukuya naphi na. Ndiza ukuba nizole, Zola ngasese kakhulu ukwenza oko ndinako. "

Ngowe-1974 yena ubunzima sokuwa, uze emva koko ukugxothwa Solzhenitsyn. Natalia Gorbanevskaya: "Emva kokubanjwa kwam indlu Solzhenitsyn, njengazo Andrey Dmitrievich Saharov. Indlu yaba inani elikhulu labantu. Ke Andrei wafowunela wathi okubhaliweyo, kwaye sonke thina aba apho kwisangqa, ngokungathi satyikitywa isicatshulwa. Ngoko ke kwixesha lokuqala ndathetha esidlangalaleni. Ke kamva Ndakubhala ileta exhasa Z Plyushch, lowo phezu spetslechenie in Dnepropetrovsk. Ndandingakwazi asayine loo leta, kuba waphathwa mandundu kakhulu kunam e Kazan. Ngoko ke ndaqonda ukuba, ukuba mna usayine into lwesithathu, musa ukuba baphume. "

"Ukuze ube neentloni phambi kwabantwana babo ..."

Ekupheleni kuka-1975 Gorbanevskaya Natalia kunye noonyana bakhe ababini washiya eSoviet Union thutha eFransi.

Ngexesha imibuzo, umphandi kanye wabuza uNatalie isizathu sokuba inxaxheba kwimiboniso, waza wafumana impendulo: "Ukuze ngaphambili abantwana baba neentloni. Andenzi besithi wonke ukwenza lonto, kodwa le shame mna ndiza kukwazi kuphela njalo. "