Incwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk: Izilwanyana kunye neZityalo

Incwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk ngumqulu okhethekileyo apho izilwanyana ezinqabileyo nezingozi ezisemngciphekweni zendawo zibhalwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ngaphambili kwakukho uluhlu olufanayo, kodwa luquka abemi bee-Urals zoMzantsi wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngo-2006, isithili saseSverdlovsk sinalo uluhlu lwayo oluzalisiweyo. Ukukhutshwa okungekho mthethweni kwezilwanyana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezityalo ezivela kuyo kuhlawuliswa ngokusemthethweni ngumthetho welizwe. Ngubani na oquka iNcwadi ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk? Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, iifoto zazo - ngulo mxholo wale nqaku. Ulawula umsebenzi ngokuthobela uxwebhu lweSverdlovskoye weSebe lezendalo.

Izityalo

Incwadi Elubomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk ibandakanya uluhlu olukhulu lwabameli belizwe lezityalo. Masihlalutye abameli abakhulu.

Cheremsha . Kwakhona kuthiwa u-anyanisi unqobile. Isityalo sisona sikhulu, sifinyelela kuma-70 cm, kunye ne-inflorescence emhlophe. Iintlahlela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngenxa yoko, ibhokisi enemibala ibonakala. Ukulondoloza ixesha elide: kukho iimeko xa iigonon ziphila iminyaka engama-40. UCheremsha uyisilungiso esihle kakhulu sokulwa nesigxina. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abemi bayivuna ebusika, badla amaqabunga kwifom yabo eluhlaza. Inempahla enomdla.

Burachkin Lensky Ukubhekisela kwintsapho yeklabishi. Isityalo siphantsi, ubuninzi be-20 cm, iziqu zinzima kakhulu, zixhomekeke ekubeni nzima. Amaqabunga anamaqhwa aphuzi, i-inflorescence iluphuzi kwaye i-stamens ephezulu. Ukukhetha i-steppe kunye ne-forest-steppe.

Heather oqhelekileyo. Ukukhetha amahlathi kunye neempampu. Njengomthetho, ukhula kunye nezinye izityalo, ukwakha okubizwa ngokuba yi-moorland heath. Esi sityalo esinesiqhotho sinzima ukudibanisa nayiphi na enye ngenxa yeentyantyambo ezincinci eziluhlaza okomfusa. Ngokukhethekileyo ubusi obuhle kule ntyatyambo, kunceda ukujamelana ne-asthma ye-bronchial, ihlambulule ngokupheleleyo umzimba wee-toxins. Ubusi obunjalo buboniswa kwizifo zengqondo. Izinto ezinqamlekileyo zidibaniswa nokucinywa kwamatye, i-peat extraction.

IiFerns

Iqulethe iindidi ze-ferns Incwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kuwo zichongiwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kukho nezo zinto zifakwe kwiBlack Book yaseRashiya. Kwaye, umzekelo, i- curly smoky curly ifakwe kwiincwadi ezininzi ezibomvu zemimandla. Le fern ephantsi ikhetha ukukhula phakathi kweentlambo zamatye. Nangona kunjalo, i-limestone ayithandi, kodwa ikhetha i-granite. Unobumba obuqhakazileyo, obumba isihlahla esiphantsi (20 cm). Esi sityalo sisilungiso esihle kwiimbungu. Ukuphuka ngenxa yokumbiwa kwemigodi yamaminerali, eyenziwa kwiindawo zokukhula.

IiKostenets zikwabandakanywa kwilolu hlobo lwezityalo ezikhuselekileyo zelizwe laseSverdlovsk. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani nomgcini-mfihla, ukhetha imithangala ye-calestone. Ngaphantsi kwezantsi, amaqabunga amancinci, amancinci angama-triangular, enza i-rosettes ekhethekileyo.

Iindidi ezimbini zeemithi nazo zisongela : i-Asia kunye nenhle . Kanti ukhethe iindawo zomhlaba we-limestone, azibekezeli ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokudambisa kwamanzi.

I-Lichens

Phakathi kweengqungquthela, eziqulethe iNcwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk, kuyafaneleka ukuba ndiqaphele ukuba ndihamba ixesha elide . Esi sityalo sinendawo yokuhlala kakhulu: intlambo yomlambo iAuspia. Le lichen yi-epiphyte kuba ihlala kuphela kwimithi, kodwa ayiyikubaguqula, kodwa isebenzisa nje i-trunk ukuba idibanise kuyo. Unqwenela ukulala emithini yemifire, ukuyifaka ngeeflipi zakhe ezincinci, njengeenwele ezimhlophe.

Ngokwezixhobo zalo ezincedo, unokuphathwa njenge- Icelandic moss. Ingummandla onamandla wokulwa namagciwane kunye ne-antibacterial agent. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyisebenzisa kule njongo kungaphandle.

Enye i-lichen i- melonella emnyama-omnyama . Ukhetha ukuhlala kumatye amanzi, ngamanye amaxesha ukhetha imithi. I-thallus ijikeleze kwaye inebala lombala elibomvu. Ububanzi bufikelela kuma-10 centimitha.

Into ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa i-lichens kukungcoliseka kwemoya, kuba ivela emoyeni ukuba ezi zityalo zivelisa izondlo.

Intsutyambo

Incwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk (izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, iifoto zazo zichazwe kweli nqaku) liqule inani elikhulu lezinambuzane. Nazi ezinye iintlobo ezithandekayo.

Cicada entabeni . Ubuxoki balo obuyingqayizivele kwinto yokuba le ngoma kuphela yedwa ebhanti eliphakathi elivela kwii-cicadas. Le nambuzane elinganayo kwiisentimitha ezimbini ubude inomzimba oqinileyo onomzekelo obuthathaka. Ama-20 mm amaphiko avulekileyo, aneemvini ezimnyama. Unqwenela ukuhlala kwiindawo ezilinganayo, ezifudumele. Uhlala ehlathini okanye kwimithi. Inambuzane idla izitya zityalo. Umlinganiselo wokunciphisa umjikelezo omde kakhulu wokuphuhlisa: i-larva ngaphambi kokuba idibanise idinga iminyaka engama-6 ukulala emhlabeni.

Ingonyama inommeli okhuselweyo ngokukhethekileyo we-net-winged. Inambuzane ifumana igama ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yezibungu zayo: i-funnel ikhutshwe ngaphandle, ihlala kuyo, ikhuphe iminyango yabo ende, kwaye ikulinda kuze kube yintlanzi kunye nesigcawu siphephe emaphethelweni enqabileyo, apho badla ngokukhawuleza.

Ngenxa yoko, inambuzane yobude bamentimitha amathathu ikhula ukusuka kwi-larva. Ukukhetha amahlathi angamahlathi. Umlinganiselo wokunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwamahlathi, ngenxa yoko iindawo zokuhlala izibungu zonakaliswa.

Iintlanzi kunye neziqwenga

Incwadi Elubomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk ngendlela ekhethekileyo ikhusela iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo. Ngoko, kwakuquka i- tugun kunye ne-nelma - iintlanzi ezimbini ezisengozini, zombini - abemi be-Basin ye-Arctic Ocean. Iyokuqala yileli qela le-squiggly, iqela eli-20-cm elinenani lokuloba, kwaye kutheni inani liye lahla. Iyesibini ivela kwiqela le-salmon, ngaphezu kweemitha ezide. Iingxaki zombandela wokukhawulelana zidibene nokuzaliswa okuphantsi.

I-spindle ephukile i-lizard ekhethekileyo, ayinayo imilenze. Ixesha elide - 50 cm. Nangona kunjalo, njengamanqindi onke, angayilahla umsila wayo weentimitha ezingama-20. Udidekile kunye nommeli weBlack Book, i-mednyka. Le nyoka inhlobo yeenyoka zendawo encinci: abantu abangaqhelekanga bafikelela kumitha.

Iintaka

Ziziphi ezinye iiklasi eziqulethe iNcwadi ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk? Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kunye nesithombe sakhe - isihloko sesicatshulwa. Iklasi yeentaka zininzi kakhulu kwiBlack Red Book. Apha kukho uxolo, iintaka ezinokukhuseleka, kunye nezidlo.

Ngokomzekelo, intsimbi encinci yincinci yezona zityalo: malunga neesentimitha ezingaphezu kwama-35 ubukhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba abesilisa banokuhlukaniswa "nesimboli" sesigxina seentloko ezimnyama. Kwakhona umbala wayo ufana nomnqumo, ngelixa ibhinqa li-brown-buff. Uhlala emanzini ngamanzi amile, atyale iintlanzi ezincinci. Izizathu zokunciphisa amanani kukuphuhliswa kobunxweme lwamagumbi apho ihlala khona.

Kwakhona ukhuselwe kwilizwe le-Sverdlovsk i- swans, i-miter kunye ne-klikun, i- stork, ezimhlophe kunye neenyanga zokutya .

I-Tundra partridge ibhekisela kwinkukhu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ebusika iguqula umquba wayo kumhlophe, ehlotyeni unemibala ebomvu. Uhlala emadwaleni ahlanganiswe ngamehlo.

Phakathi kweentaka zezilwanyana, kufuneka ukuba uqaphele i- owk owl kanye ne-gray owl . Iyokuqala iyahluka kukuba ayinayo "iindlebe" zesimilo. Imibala - imivimbo ehlukileyo yomdaka kuwo wonke umzimba. Owesibini unombala ofana kakhulu nomthi womthi. Kananjalo akanalo "iintsiba" zeentsiba.

Into ebalulekileyo yokukhawulela abantu beentaka zehlathi zixakeka kunye nokucoca amanxweme, indawo yokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

Izilwanyana

Phakathi kwezilwanyana, izilwanyana zineenkxalabo ekhethekileyo: ezi sixhenxe zidweliswe - ngaphezu kwesahlulo sazo zonke ezinye izilwanyana. Ukunciphisa iindidi kuba ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana zihlala kwiikoloni ezinkulu, ngokulandelanayo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala kwabo kubangela ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza kwamanani. Kunokwenzeka ukuluhlula ubusuku: iBritht, i-Moustached, amanzi, i-echibini, i-Brown Ushana, ijeketi lesikhumba esenyakatho kunye ne-Natusus .

I-flyer ephawulekayo iquka iNcwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSverdlovsk (izilwanyana kunye nezityalo). Inkcazo yesilwanyana yile ndlela ilandelayo: isilwanyana esincinane, esifana ne-squirrel. Ukwahlula i-membrane yakhe ekhethekileyo, evulekayo xa usuka kumthi ukuya emthini. Umlinganiselo wokunciphisa ukutshabalalisa kwamahlathi apho isilwanyana siphila khona.

Ummeli wezilwanyana ezinkulu kwiBlack Book yi- reindeer . Ukushabalala kwayo kuhambelana nokutshintshwa kwesikhumba seqhwa: kuba yinto encinci kwaye encinci, ekhusela isilwanyana ukuba singakudli ngokutya phantsi kwekhephu nokucima ukoma.

Kwakhona kumyalelo wezilwanyana ezilwanyana zilondolozwe i- hedgehog eqhelekileyo, i-otter kunye ne-European mink .