Incwadi Ayn ndiwukrazule "Imvelaphi": Isishwankathelo, luphindo kunye nengxelo evela kubafundi

Kweli nqaku siza bachukumise phezu ubuchule Alisy Zinovevny rozenbaum, ekhwele e-visa ngo-1925 ukuya kufunda eUnited States afumane ubumi apha. Intombi wemithi, ebeka eninzi umgudu, "wazenza" kumhlaba American, waba ezakudala zoncwadi elaziwayo kunye sobulumko Ayn Rand.

"Imvelaphi" - inoveli ebhalwe kuyo ngo-1943. Okokuqala oko kabi yafunyanwa abagxeki, kodwa emva kokuba isibini kweminyaka lo msebenzi, waba ethengwa, uye uthathe indawo yokuqala ezakudala boncwadi American. Yintoni eyabangela Ayn kuqhuthisa ukubhala inoveli? Ingcamango ixabiso buchopho babantu, ukuba ego yabantu eluntwini, entsha exabisekileyo, njengoko kuthelekiswa greyness, loo logwayimbo sokudubula 1937 ezikude Russia Lev Bekkerman, nto leyo uthando lokuqala Alice?

Ophambili kunye Heroine

Eyona hero ezingundoqo inoveli Ayn Krazulani "Imvelaphi" Indoda creative wobugcisa, ngokomakhi Govard Rork. Lo mfanekiso enkulu ibonakalisa iimbono zeentanda-bulumko umbhali, ngubani kancinane kakhulu ukuba achazwe entsha exabisekileyo efanele. umyili yethu acinga etyeni ukuthetha nabanye abantu, kuba loo mntu ukuqonda ngokucacileyo oko afuna ukuphumelela ebomini. "Command" counterweight "imbovane" collectivism Roark uvakalelwa imfuneko wokwenene ukuyila utshintshe ihlabathi. Yena akuyo, nangokomgaqo neqhubekayo ekuthetheleleni izimvo zabo imfuno umntu creative abe iqondo eyimfuneko inkululeko.

Umngeni isimilo esembindini female ethi "Imvelaphi". Ayn Rand ukhombisa ishishini ibhinqa eliselula Dominic Franconia, nto leyo nayo ayitshintshi "Mna" lakhe. Phambi ukufunyanwa ulonwabo emtshatweni emtshatweni kunye Howard Roarke yena kabini sele etshatile - kuPetros Keating kunye Gale Vinand.

I Inner Circle of zonxibelelwano

Man ayikwazi ukukhetha indlela umlinganiswa ophambili, engumhlobo wakhe umfundi Peter Keating. Yena, ngelishwa, ufuna ukulandela kuphela Kwicala elingaphandle lwempumelelo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza shaft embilwini. Kumzekelo wakhe, oko kubonisa imbali iingcali ezininzi kunye Ummiselo ezaphukileyo of Ayn Rand. "Umthombo" liveze unobangela ngokoyiswa ubomi bakhe - eli ligatya lakhe "Mna" baxhasa iimfuno i "bantu." Umbhali wachaza ngokucacileyo unobangela kwintlekele - le nokudideka kubalulekile, endaweni yokuba nomnqweno wokwenene ukuba ndamvuselela kakhulu kuyo ukuze abanye abantu bacinga.

Geyl Vinand, umnini iphephandaba "I ibhena" - umntu eriyeli ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kunye umququzeleli nenkokheli iimpawu, ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba buthathaka, akubikho isakhono, kulandela uluvo abameli kumacandelo abanempembelelo oluntu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa ukwakha umsebenzi, yona individualist. Ekhumbula ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe, umhleli epholileyo uncokole thabatha ezicacileyo (ukuba akukho mntu wamnceda) waza wazala lokwengeza (kodwa akukho namnye yayimkhathaza). Noko ke, ekupheleni kwinoveli, ukulahlekelwa ego ngenxa lokusingqongileyo, njengoko Vinand fiasco.

Ayn Rand libonisa kwinoveli kunye ezivulekileyo yembono umdlali Howard, umgxeki nentatheli Ellsworth Toohey - collectivist ngenxa yeenkolelo zakhe, esebenza iindlela ezingalungile. Kuba indoda ephantsi ndini.

ziko engagqitywanga umsebenzi, isenzakalo

Govard Rork kwasebuncinaneni bakhe indlela yakhe esingenalusini ebomini. Ukuqonda bokwakha njengokuba abenalo yobomi bakhe, elahla iindlela classical yokwakha uyilo, esiza bangquzulane ootitshala Stentonskogo Institute of Technology. Ukhetha ukuba ngaphandle, kodwa kuhlala yokwenene iinjongo zakhe. Le idealist uselula eNew York, i Genri Kamerona omncinane-yaziwa, kodwa self-ezaneleyo kunye ngokomakhi ubugcisa, umsebenzi zigazi bafanele ithembisa. Noko ke, le ofisi iya kungekudala siyabhanga. Howard watshintsha imisebenzi ezininzi kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Hayi evelisa nabalingani izama ukuphembelela umbono wakhe lwezakhiwo, ukhetha uyilahle uze ukusebenza stonemason.

Nobuntu Peter Keating

Incwadi ethi "Imvelaphi" kunye nezinye ibonisa, isiqalo obambekayo yohambo ebomini. Peter Keating, ngokuchaseneyo, kukho indlela engqushiweyo. Waphumelela esikolweni, aye asebenze-arhente bokwakha top. ebona Young angacingi ukungakhululeki ngokweemvakalelo, umkholise abathengi. Ngelo xesha linye isimo sakhe ubugcisa izakhiwo ngokusesikweni. namandla akhe engqondo ayigqiba ukuphumeza umsebenzi buKristu. Xa ingxaki efanayo, uPetros uyazi ukuba Govarda Rorka indlebe ngokuqinisekileyo uya kumnceda.

Ukuqala uthando, kunye Dominic Howard

Umxholo lothando - lungu kweenoveli ezininzi, akukho ngaphandle kunye nencwadi "Imvelaphi" Ayn ziniqwenge. Ukuphonononga lubonisa ukuba ubudlelwane babantu manyala ngobungcali. Dominique, intombi ka-Guy Franconi, umnini ambiwa kuyo, apho asebenza Govard Rork, uyavelana naye. Noko ke, unxibelelwano kula madoda mabini abancinane besenokuzibona esomeleleyo uza ngxi, ophela ngesondo rough. Akazange nokuba ukubona igama stonemason ezinkulu.

Izibatha le individualist

Roark kwakhona ubuyela eNew York ukuba asebenze kwi elithile. Okokugqibela, umsebenzi wakhe waqaphela. Kodwa Ellsvord Toohey, kwakhokelela inkcaso ubuntu ophambili, igqiba kutshabalalisa ukunyelisa kwakhe phephandaba. yokubala wakhe ichanekile. Intatheli Okokuqala Uxhokonxwa Roarke eyilayo zokwakha ezingekho semgangathweni. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuba uyaninyanga umthengi uHopton Stoddard Howard ayalele ukwakhiwa itempile omoya wobuntu. Oko kwenza iprojekthi yokuqala ngokwenene, yaye yanika ngemfano umfazi ze njengento bokwakha. (Bona kwakhona badibana eNew York kunye Dominic, nokuba ebuzwa ukuyila imikrolo.)

Ellsvord eqinisekisa uHopton ukuhluleka artist, ngubani abakhwetha enkundleni. "Traditional" nabayili musa like "unomyayi emhlophe" Roarke, lingqine okutyekileyo ngaye. ukusebenza Intercessory Dominic akazange kunceda enkundleni. Howard engogwetyiweyo. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokuchasene abamangalelwa neclassmate yakhe Peter Keating. yisayensi Ellsvord.

impilo Personal Dominic

Emva kwetyala, Dominik Frankon, ezama ukuyisombulula imbilini yabo Roarke, ugqiba ukuluphelisa ulwalamano lwenu. Yena utshata Peter Keating. Wayekhathazekile emncedayo ukuba enze umsebenzi kwinkampani bokwakha. Kwaye uya kude ukuze ngesivumelwano kunye nomyeni womfazi inikwa umhleli we iphephandaba odumileyo Gale Vinand. Uwa eyayithandana ibhinqa eliselula kwaye, yena, wenza kuyo isithembiso. UDominic, badana eSt Petersburg, uyavuma. Ex-indoda ibe yimbuyiselo ingozi yokuziphatha ufumana ukuze eninzi.

Noko ke, nangona iNkundla yabanjwa, ku Roarke ngayo iinkonzo. Nxi rhoqo oziphikisayo. ngengozi nayiphi na imithombo yayo. Kuba ukwakhiwa indlwane usapho umhleli wayo omtsha ngempumelelo Vinand ngokuzithandela ukhetha wezakhiwo izakhiwo wayesoloko nje, oko kukuthi Govarda Rorka. Bona babe ngabahlobo. Lo somashishini akazi ukuba umfazi wakhe umyili ngaphambili wayenolwalamano.

UPetros usebenzisa Roark

Ngeli xesha, careerist Keating ilawula ukufumana umsebenzi kuphuhliso karhulumente lwexesha elide kunye neprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo - indawo ekwakhiweni Cortland. IziNdlu ngomgangatho woqoqosho Emva koko babe umgangatho wokwakha kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Peter ufuna uncedo ukuze Roarke. Nabani na ukuba babe nomdla kumsebenzi ezifana oqeqeshiweyo, engaziwa kwaye uyavuma ukuba wenze into simahla. Aluveli ilula: Keating ukwakha isakhiwo, ngokungqongqo evisisana le projekthi.

Noko ke, Howard wabuya kwiholide ukufumana ukuba isivumelwano yaphulwe. ego lakhe ndikhubeke mna. Yena enomsindo utshabalalisa isakhiwo sakhiwa, bevuthela kuyo. Kwangaxeshanye, Dominique imisindo yabalindi. Newspaper Vinand kuqala lixhasa Roarke, yaye ngoko, phantsi kwengcinezelo evela manyano - nxamnye.

ekupheleni Happy

Le utyhilo yenoveli ingqina ukuba abantu abanetalente isiphiwo, kungekuphela nje ngokomda wabo. intetho okhanyayo ummangalelwa lokuzithethelela baqiniseka abagwebi ukuba umsulwa. Roarke ekholisayo uchaza indima ego kunye entsha exabisekileyo kulo msebenzi. Dominic Howard ne batshate. Ayn Rand quote iqinisekisa ukuba kuphela umntu othanda yena uyakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kwaye athande leya.

Newspaper Vinand ivaliwe ngenxa yeengxaki. Le ndoda isisityebi ucela Roark ukuba bayile ngokwabo amafu njenge lesikhumbuzo ngamandla omoya, nenokuthi kuba kuye, lo gama umhleli yangaphambili uyayiqonda ukuba Howard anazo kuyo.

I inoveli kukho imeko intlanganiso Roark amaqabane kunye Gale Vinand phezu kophahla lwesakhiwo esele yakhiwe.

Eyona nto yenoveli

Isibaluli kuphela yexabiso nabanye abantu, nto leyo Govard Rork iyavuma - yinto ukuzimela kwabo. Ingcamango legumbi ezinqabileyo abafundi Ayn ziniqwenge. "Imvelaphi" - incwadi malunga nesidima sobuntu, malunga nentsingiselo yalo ephambili kubo bonke abantu. Kwaye isibaluli kuphela, uvavanyo litmus leyo ebonisa ukuba umntu kubo enyanisweni - liqondo inkululeko yawo.

isiphelo

ithamsanqa has a inoveli "Umthombo" Ayn ziniqwenge. Iimpendulo ngaye baninzi, kukho PIU umxhelo, iikopi zale ncwadi iikopi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-7. Ingaba ngengozi? Ubukhulu becala ukuba abafundi enomtsalane ezendeleyo amandla ingqondo kwinoveli ngayo. Intanda wemisonto objectivism ebomvu kolona uphindo Ayn Rand. "Umthombo" - kwinoveli ukuba kubalulekile ukufunda ukuba wonke. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqonda inyaniso ecacileyo, ukuba entsha exabisekileyo ngenene enye iinjini inkqubela. Kuba ego iqhutywa zizazinzulu, abantu zokudala imisebenzi leembaleki, inkosi iingcibi.