Imvelaphi kunye neyantlukwano yezityalo olinywayo. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kwisityalo isivuno

Izityalo olinywayo zenziwe ngokunjalo ngokuqinileyo ebomini bomntu ukuba bambalwa abantu abacinga ngayo ngebali labo yaqala apho kulinywe. Ukutya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwi ukutya, umntu akafuni malunga nendlela zafana nezalamane zabo zasendle, futhi inkulu kangakanani na izityalo ezilinyiweyo.

amanqaku ngembali

Phantse zonke ezaziwayo izityalo ezinjalo namhlanje iingcambu zawo yembali ezichaza amaziko kokuhluma labo kunye nenguqu ngcembe.

Imvelaphi izityalo ezilinyiweyo bangamalungu 50 000-60 000 BC. e. Phambi kweli xesha, ukuqokelelwa izityalo yaba indlela ukuphila wesizwe, apho uxanduva yabafazi. Imbali ibonisa ukuba abantu baqala ukuthatha iinkozo ezinkulu kwaye esempilweni kunye neziqhamo ukuba akhule nabo kufutshane nezindlu zawo impahla yamandulo, iimbiza izinto kumangcwaba imizobo yabo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, 640 lweentlobo uthandwayo izityalo ezilinyiweyo eyaziwayo ukuba malunga 400 yabo ivela South Asia, 50 - e-Afrika, ngaphezu kwama-100 - ukusuka kuMntla noMzantsi Merika, yaye abanye - evela eYurophu.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nezityalo, umzekelo ingqolowa, bathi cereals aba iintlobo yokuqala bantu ithe fithi ngabom kufutshane nezindlu. Ubungqina mazwi zezona mortars amandulo pestles, afumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala cavemen.

Centres of plant wekhaya

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, izazinzulu bakwazi ukumisela ngokupheleleyo apho beza kuthi iintlobo mihla zezityalo olinywayo. Nkqu N. I. Vavilov zahlulwe geography izityalo kwiindawo 7:

1. Ngenxa yoko, South Asia iye yaba eliphuma-33% kweentlobo ekhaya. izityalo ezilinyiweyo (imizekelo ingafunyanwa kwi imisebenzi Vavilov), okufana nerayisi, iswekile, yemixoxozi, seqanda kunye nabanye abaninzi, kwanawezayo kuthi, evela apho.
2. East Asia usinike 20% lweentlobo olinywayo, ezifana zesoya, amazimba, cherries, buckwheat.
3. South-West Asia yindawo ekuzalelwe kuyo amaqhawe ingqolowa, irye, iimbotyi, theniphu, nto leyo 4% kwizityalo.
4. icala lweMeditera onelungelo 11% waziwa izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Le igalikhi, iidiliya, iminqathe, ikhaphetshu, amapere, neentlumaya, kunye nabanye.
5. Ethiopia waba likhaya kwi-4% eentlobo, eziquka iiertyisi, nerhasi, zekofu umthi.
6. Central America thaca ihlabathi ngengqolowa, amathanga, icuba, koko.
7. Umzantsi Melika kuba ngumhlaba iitapile, coca, oki, cinchona.

izihlobo Wild ezi zityalo zifumaneka kude kube ngoku. Kule iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kwisityalo isityalo ayipheli apho.

Ukukhethwa abantu bamandulo

Ngenkankulu cavemen okanye uphuhliso kamva boluntu buya ngu abalimi, kodwa ezinye izakhono esimalunga nokhetho ukulinywa kwezityalo ababenayo.

Abembi bezinto zakudala bagqiba kwelokuba ezolimo kunye ukuphila umzimba njengendlela ukusinda yaba esebenzayo iminyaka eli-10 000 eyadlulayo. Oku eli xesha kucingwa ekuqaleni ukufuywa izityalo. Enyanisweni, izityalo isivuno (imizekelo oko abembi ukufumana iitiphu yamandulo endle) kufuneka ukuba umtshato kudala ngaphambi koko.

Izazinzulu ukugcina ukuba iinkozo eqokelelwe asendle, iziqhamo ilitye kunye nezinye izityalo wakhula kufutshane neendawo abantu bamandulo, xa ndivuka emaquleni okuziinkozo okanye zilahlwa kunye okuseleyo. Abafazi yesizwe yenziwa ukuze ndisikhuphe ukhula kufuphi "izityalo" aphila unanamhla.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, abantu baqala ukuthatha iingcambu, iinkozo kunye namathambo weziqhamo okumnandi kunye ezinkulu ndatyala kuzo ngabom kufutshane emakhayeni abo. Ngaloo ndlela kwakuvela kwezolimo, nto leyo eyabangela kwinqanaba entsha yophuhliso lwabantu.

Iyantlukwano kwizityalo olinywayo namhlanje

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ukukhethwa iye yaba isayensi isebenza kuphela izivuno zezityalo, kodwa incasa yawo ndakumandisa basinde. Phantse zonke iintlobo imifuno, iziqhamo kunye nokutya okuziinkozo, odla umntu mihla - hybrid, ukuba siyakhuthazeka ngokuzenzela.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kwisityalo kwezityalo, leyo ithe nje ukhetho kunye cross-ezizalayo kunye nezinye iintlobo - nto Uyenze ephilayo entsha ngokupheleleyo ukuba nanto ngokwendalo.

Ngxilimbela, sajika eyenziweyo kule Ilabhoratri imbewu ngexesha elinye, kodwa ngenxa kubo inani okumnandi ukupha isivuno eliphezulu zezityalo liye landa ezingamakhulu amaxesha.

Namhlanje hybridity wachukumisa ngathi ukutya okuziinkozo, kunye neziqhamo nemifuno aziwa kakuhle kuthi, ezifana iitumato, iipepile, kwaneekomkomere, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

cucumber belima

cucumber isityalo kulinywa ukuba baqhele kakhulu itafile ngendlela ezinkonxiweyo nezingankonxwanga, musa buza thina "apho bonke ngayo ukuza kuthi."

Kubonakala ukuba umendo cucumber phezu kwetafile lwethu kunokuba enkulu, njengoko ilizwe lakhe China ne India. Nokuba 6000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, le imifuno civilize, nangona izalamane zayo mandulo nangoku ezikhula emahlathini yaseIndiya, njengomdiliya, ngokuyambathisa komboko zemithi, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo kwiingcingo yolwabiwo kunye ezintangweni.

Le esekelwe eYiputa yamandulo, yaye emva koko Greece yamandulo, le ngemifuno zimelwe phezu kwetafile abantu abazizityebi kwaye ifumaneka kuphela ukuya abantu akwizikhundla eziphezulu ixesha elide.

EYurophu, cucumber bazisa amaGrike, nokusasazeka kwazo ngokukhawuleza ngenxa angcamle kunye ezinokuzuzwa pickle elizayo ukuze ebusika. Namhlanje, le imifuno iyafumaneka kuwo wonke yonke indawo. umlimi ngamnye lizinikele ukuba kukhule isityalo esihle yemixoxozi, ezisetyenziswa neentlobo zayo varietal kwaqanjwa.

Ukulinywa kwezityalo eyochitha

Abantu wasazisa izityalo kuphela ithuba lokusetyenziswa kwabo ukutya, kodwa ngenxa amayeza, kwakunye ubuhle. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kwisityalo izityalo, nto leyo imo sasendle umgangatho ubuhle nokuthantamisa, wavuka inkxalabo.

Rose waba intyatyambo yokomfuziselo kwezizwe ezininzi mandulo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokwale legend Indiya, Lakshmi, isithixokazi ubuhle, wazalwa ngendlela rosebud. Yena bazinikela imibongo iimbongi kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye maxa onke amaxesha, njengoko kwakunjalo ekhaya yetropika mpuma Asia. Kwaba ukusuka kwisityalo kulinywa rose bafudukela Ancient eGrisi, apho kwathiwa intyantyambo Aphrodite. ERoma yamandulo, nokuba wabeka greenhouse ngenxa roses abo eqhubela phambili unyaka wonke.

Namhlanje kukho amakhulu kwiintlobo yezityalo Yaphathana yi abalimi ukuba abalimi ehlabathini jikelele.

roses Modern bazibonise emhlabeni evulekileyo, ngeembiza kwi windowsills, xa zokugcina kunye zokugcina ebusika. Kubo ukulungiselela jam okunencasa kunye nempilo rose ioli igqalwa omnye kakhulu eninzi, ekubeni ukuvelisa enye buyikhilogram 500 kg kusetyenziswa iintyatyambo.

thelo belima

Njengoko kwakunye okuziinkozo kunye nemifuno, iziqhamo ziye into kulinywa abantu bamandulo. Iipropati eziluncedo izityalo berry kunye neziqhamo, kwakunye ithuba ukugcina kubo ngohlobo eyomisiweyo okanye zifakwa kubenza isigxina izinto pantries. Edume thelo apile, izalamane zasendle elime Cretaceous, kunye nemihla. Namhlanje, imithi yeziqhamo ezininzi kwiminyaka 200-300 eyadlulayo bezithathwa ngolwasemzini, ikhula baqhele imiyezo emakhaya.

isivuno Future

Abalimi kulo lonke ihlabathi nangoku esebenza iilebhu zabo ukuvelisa izityalo ezitsha eziya kuba nako ukuthatha iingcambu iimeko engaqhelekanga kubo kwaye nokuvunwa nanto.

Ngenxa yemizamo yabo, izityalo zezityalo abanganyangekiyo ngakumbi kutshintsho lwemozulu, umhlaba ukugqitywa inwebu Umhlaba kunye sinike izivuno ezilungileyo.

izityalo zezityalo abaninzi baqala ukunika izityalo ezimbini ngonyaka okanye lonyaka, njengoko hybrid baqhawula lukhuni. Oku kunika ithemba lokuba kwixesha elizayo kwiitafile lethu liya kuba iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, lakubo sele kudala Uyekile ukwenza ilizwe eyahlukileyo, njengoko kwaba ihlabathi liphela.