Impi waseSiriya (imfazwe yamakhaya Syria): oonobangela, amalungu imfazwe

Impi waseSiriya sele ehamba phantse-4 iminyaka. Le mpi ngelinye lalawo kwinkulungwane yama-21. Amaxhoba imfazwe e-Aram, amakhulu amawaka, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini ziye zibe ziimbacu. Kule mpi ababandakanyekayo kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona imizamo zoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe axolelanise onke amaqela alwayo, umlo usaqhubeka, yaye imvumelwano kwixesha elizayo kubonakele.

ingxabano IMVELAPHI

Syria kwimephu yehlabathi kuthatha 87 kwindawo th kwi kwisikali ntsimi. Ngu ekuqaleni kuka-2011 kweli lizwe kwakuhlala abantu phantse nezigidi ezingama-20. Uninzi zabemi Cartoon. Kwakhona, amaKristu kunye Alawites zimelwe kakuhle, yaye izeziphi ngamandla kweli lizwe. Emantla nasempuma kwe umSiriya Kurds siphile, ngamaSilamsi.

Urhulumente lo Baath Party, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa ukuba kugquba kwaye Iraq (de ukubhukuqwa Saddam Hussein yimikhosi US). Zonke nabaphetheyo yenziwe phantse ngokupheleleyo phezulu of Alawites. Eli lizwe uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 savula imo yonxunguphalo, leyo kukhawulelwe amanye amalungelo oluntu. Ngo-2010, Syria iye yayidla nengxaki enkulu. Abantu abaninzi baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo, ukhuseleko lwentlalo iye simbi. Ngelo xesha kumazwe angabamelwane sele ngokupheleleyo yokuguguma "Spring Arab".

In kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba zokuqala yangqubana inkcaso kwabanjwa uqhankqalazo eziliqela. Okufunwa phezu zazo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye imo abaqhankqalazi ethule kakhulu. Kodwa ngeli xesha i-United States kunye European Union sele beqalisile ukuba axhase ngokusebenzayo ukuvela kweempembelelo zopolitiko kweli lizwe, ababekulo ngokuchasene lolawulo Bashar al-Assad. Assad leliya lizwe ukususela 2000.

Indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaleni zoqhankqalazo abaninzi wadlala iintlobo kothungelwano lwezentlalo. NgoJanuwari, abangakwaziyo waseSiriya le "Facebook" yayinomkhukula ngokoqobo kunye kufuna imiboniso anti-urhulumente ngoFebruwari 4. Eliphikisayo ebizwa loo mhla "ngomhla womsindo". A lweli Assad lowu ukuba ulawulo yenethiwekhi yoluntu ngabom ethintela uluntu pro-government.

Ukuqala ekunyukeni

Ekupheleni ebusika kwizixeko ezininzi amawaka abantu bathabatha ezitratweni. Awade bemanyene neemfuno zabo aluqhubi wavela ikhondo ecacileyo. Kodwa watshintsha kakhulu xa abaqhankqalazi kunye namapolisa babesilwa Okwemfazwe ngumsindo. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko ndaqalisa ukufumana ulwazi malunga amapolisa abafileyo. Ezi ziganeko kwanyanzeleka Assad afeze kwilinge kwenxenye semkhosini kwaye kugxininisa kuzo kufutshane kwiindawo eliphikisayo ingxinano.

Ngelo xesha, inkcaso ayifune inkxaso i-West kunye Gulf. Iqala ukuyilwa i "waseSiriya Army Free". Xa ngumqolo yayo ibandakanya abameli abaqhankqalazi etikweni kwezopolitiko kunye bamkelwe evela waseSiriya Armed Forces. Imali efunyenwe ngaphandle, amaqela aphikisayo abaxhobileyo ekulweni. Entwasahlobo ka-2011 uqale ukungquzulana yokuqala abaxhobileyo.

Le Islamization le ngxabano

Kwafa abantu ngo-Apreli, inkcaso Islamists olukhulu iqhagamshele. Emva kwexesha elithile, kuhlasela kwenzeka. bomber Unknown ubulala amagosa aphakamileyo zodidi yomkhosi waseSiriya. Umkhosi kunye nemikhosi zokhuseleko zelizwe kuqala imisebenzi emininzi nxamnye inkcaso. Free Army waseSiriya ithumba zokuhlala ezinkulu ezininzi. zaye nangoko bavimba yimikhosi Assad. Kwiindawo zibunjwe zicinywe umbane kunye namanzi. Iimfazwe ezinkulu okuqala enzeka eDamasko. urhulumente Syria xa ugqiba ukuba bashiye ukusetyenziswa yomkhosi rhoqo, kwaye enlists uncedo imikhosi ezizodwa mobile. Bakhawuleza kuphelisa amathambo amaqela axhobileyo, emva koko kukho lokucheba ngqo. Izenzo ezinjalo uhlawula off - imimandla ngakumbi nangakumbi emva phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente.

Kwindawo enye, guqula ezopolitiko. Bashar asad kuchitha wekhabinethi abeke unyulo yokuqala. Noko ke, impi waseSiriya liyaqhubeka nokuqinisa. EDamasko ngokuyinxenye benza kwaphikisayo, leyo usebenzisa ukuzibulala ukuba alwe urhulumente.

yokungenelela kwamanye amazwe

Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2011, impi waseSiriya ngakumbi ukuya kumbindi ingqalelo kumajelo Koloni. A Inani amazwe aqalile ukunika uncedo eliphikisayo. EU kunye US wabeka ukwayo nxamnye neSiriya, ukunciphisa kakhulu kwingeniso yelizwe ukusuka kwiintengiso oyile. Kwelinye icala, ukumkani Arabic elawulwa ekuvalweni korhwebo. Arabia, Qatar, Turkey kunye namanye amazwe niqalise ukuba uxhase Ingalo Free Army. Imeko yezoqoqosho uyehla ngokukhawuleza, kuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo lungeniselo, ukongeza kurhwebo lwangaphandle, bazisa icandelo lezokhenketho.

Enye lamazwe kuqala ukuba angenelele ekuhleni impi waseSiriya, kuba Turkey. Inika uncedo zomkhosi kwaye ithumela ebhunga inkcaso. Kwakhona wazise iziqhushumbisi yokuqala izikhundla urhulumente yomkhosi Syria kaThixo. Impendulo weza ngoko nangoko. Assad uphaka inkqubo emoyeni intsimi zokhuselo, apho wadubula phantsi ukulwa Turkish. Bashar ngokwakhe uthi ukuba ukulungele seengxoxo onke amaqela, kodwa akaqondi kutheni imfazwe e Syria bekhathazekile okuninzi eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe.

Nceda Assad umbuso

Ngu ebusika ka-2012 kwaba sele kucaca ukuba impi waseSiriya impi yinxalenye. I-call of uncedo karhulumente waseSiriya basabela namahlakani ayo-elide, nto leyo, emva "Arab Spring" uhlala hayi kangako. Iran iye bandinceda kakhulu ukuya Assad. I-Islamic Republic sele ithunyelwe abacebisi zomkhosi ukusuka IRGC kwinkonzo odumileyo ukuba ngabavukeli zoqeqesho. Okokuqala, urhulumente bashiya le mbono, esoyikela ukuba amaqela paramillitaristskie olungalawulwayo ziya komeleza kuphela ngobunzulu kuluntu. Kodwa emva kokuba ilahleko kwiindawo ezinkulu emntla uqalisa baxhobe "Shabiha" (ukusuka Arabic - a ghost). Le athathwe abakhethekileyo bazithoba Assad.

Kwakhona Iran namanye amazwe bafika abavukeli "Hezbollah". Oku ithathwa umbutho abagrogrisi kumazwe amaninzi eYurophu eUnited States. Abameli "Party of Allah" (inguqulelo ngokoqobo "Hezbollah") ezi Islamist Shiite. Bathi inxaxheba kuzo zonke iimfazwe ezinkulu, ngenxa yokuba amava abanzi imfazwe. Imfazwe iye yavusa okunayo kwezentlalo abemi ezininzi kwinxalenye esentshona Aram. Baqala ke ukuba ngenkuthalo bazimanye namaqela proasadovskim empi. Ezinye units yobukomanisi.

Le umlando yemfazwe yamakhaya Aram ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukunyuka inkulu kwenzeka emva kokuba ekuqaleni yokungenelela kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2013, intsimi Shamy (igama waseSiriya yemveli) waba zahlulo eziliqela. empini enzima boyike kunye nentiyo phakathi kwabantu, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni indalo amaqela amaninzi ahlukeneyo, uninzi lwabo lwa kwelinye icala, ngoko phezu kwezinye.

LIH

Ngo-2014, ihlabathi eva umbutho abanqolobi "Islamic State of Iraq kunye Levant". Eli qela wavela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 eyadlulayo, emva kokuba ngokuhlaselwa imikhosi US e-Iraq. Okokuqala, oko nesebe al-Qaeda yaye akukho nempembelelo enkulu. Xa imfazwe Syria waqalisa ukuba kuzuze amandla, LIH ezithile intsimi Iraq futhi Shamy. imithombo yenkxaso ekuthiwa ababawa Arabhu. emibi kakhulu kwi imfazwe LIH kwenzeka emva kokuba kuthinjwe Mosul.

Ukuze wenze oku, babethatha kuphela amawaka ambalwa mlilo. abantu Malunga 800 angena kummandla yesixeko uvukelo kwangelo xesha linye xa kuqala ngaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, ngehlobo lowe-2014 LIH wathimba zokuhlala ezininzi kummandla esiyiMosul, yaye babhengeza ukudaleka caliphate. Nge kobhengezo enamandla LIH ngokuqesha abaxhasi evela ehlabathini lonke. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukahlukeneyo, inani abalwa uyakwazi ukufikelela amawaka 200 abantu. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe phantse sesithathu Syria radicals baqalisa ukuba bazibize nje "Islamic State", benenjongo ukuyilwa kwento caliphate ehlabathini lonke.

I IG lokulwa ngokubonakalayo usebenzisa ekuthiwa-ukholo - ukuzibulala. Iskim Izinga kuhlaselwa isiseko utshaba luqala kuhlasela. Emva koko, baqale lokuhlasela Islamists ngoncedo kwezithuthi ukukhanya vehicles kunye SUV. IG kwenza ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi impi yokulwela, balwa emkhosini zamajoni ngaphambili ekhaya. Umzekelo, e-Iraq "abazingeli Raafidis". Badubule banxiba imilo umkhosi Iraq futhi kuququzelela alingenele amalungu yolawulo kunye nabanye abaphikisi. Amaxhoba bayazi ukuba bawa ezandleni Islamists, kuphela emva kokuba abanjwe.

Nangona IG enza kummandla yamazwe amaninzi, abahlalutyi bayavuma ukuba indalo yeqela enjalo impi waseSiriya sele kwenziwe. Izizathu kuthiwa ezahlukeneyo. Inguqulelo oluqhelekileyo - nguwo umnqweno ngookumkani bamaPersi ukwandisa impembelelo yayo kuMbindi Mpuma.

ubugrogrisi International

"State Islamic" unetyala ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokuhlaselwa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ngaphezulu kwama-80 amaxhoba babulawa emva kuhlaselwa kwihotele Tunisia. Xa ekwindla ka-2015 Injongo namabutho waba France. Ukuhlaselwa phezu umhleli ebhodini ze kulindixesha "charly Edbo", nayo cartoons ze uMprofeti uMuhammad, waye isihloko ephezulu eendaba zehlabathi. URhulumente French uye waqinisekisa ukuba emva kokuhlaselwa uya kuthabatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ibonwe. Kodwa nangona oku, ngoNovemba e Paris waphinda wahlasela. Amaqela amaninzi abaqalise udubulo kwaye adubula umbhodamo nasezitratweni. Ngenxa ukufa kwabantu 130, ngaphezu kwama-300 ngathi wenzakele kakhulu.

October 31 yeSinayi ingqubekile moya Russian. Ngenxa yoko, kwafa abantu 224. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva amajelo endaba ezizwe ngezizwe ingxelo ngale ntlekele, i amaqela "likarhulumente Islamic" liye bavumile ngenxa yesehlo.

Indima सुटणें ugwetyelo

Kurds - loo nto-30 ezigidi abantu kuMbindi Mpuma. Baya kuba kwinzala zezizwe Iranian abathetha. Inkoliso Kurds - amaSilamsi ngcathu. uluntu ezininzi Kurdu waphambukela zezwe. Kwakhona, ipesenti enkulu amaKristu kunye namalungu nezinye iinkonzo. I Kurds abe yimeko yabo ezizimeleyo, kodwa ummandla zokuhlala kwabo basibiza ngokuba सुटणें ugwetyelo. Syria kwimephu ye सुटणें ugwetyelo i indima enkulu.

Kurds elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba umntu wesithathu kwi imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSiriya. Into yokuba olu hlanga iminyaka emininzi nzima ngenxa ukuzimela kwabo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwentlekele ngo-2011, inxalenye Kurds inkxaso kwimiboniso anti-government. Nokufika kwintsimi nokusungula IG waba sisongelwa lungabanjwa. radicals Islamic kabuhlungu kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba azibandakanye inxaxheba kuthotho "Peshmerga". Le ntliziyo zolwakhiwo athandwayo self-yokuzikhusela.

Banawo inkxaso elingeneyo lonke सुटणें ugwetyelo. Party I-Workers ', nto leyo enza izinto ummandla Turkey, qho ithumela amavolontiya kunye noncedo-mali. Turks kusinda bayawafundisisa kulo mbutho, kuba kusongela integrity eli lizwe. Ligcuntswana nokusungula yenza malunga ne-20% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke ka Turkey. Yaye amazwi obuzimele ezikhona phakathi kwayo. Inxalenye enkulu amaqela nokusungula abathi iimbono leftist okanye olukhulu yobukomanisi ukuba musa angena isilinganiso sangaphakathi zobuzwe uMongameli Erdogan. Xa inani le Peshmerga beze rhoqo amavolontiya leftist amazwe EU (ubukhulu becala Germany kunye Spain) naseRashiya. Aba bantu musa ukuthandabuza ukuba udliwano-ndaba Koloni. Ziintatheli badla ukubuza isizathu sokuba imfazwe e-Aram ukuba abantu abatsha ukuba bashiye amazwe abo. Ngelo amadoda slogans elikhulu uxanduva kwaye iingxoxo malunga "umzabalazo zehlabathi zabasebenzi."

US Indima: Syria imfazwe

Loo impi enkulu akwazi ukunceda kodwa ukubamba iliso United States of America. Le elinokuvela lamabutho NATO ixesha elide uhlala e-Iraq. Ukususela kwasekuqaleni le ntlekele States anika inkxaso elinzima inkcaso waseSiriya. Kwakhona enye izohlwayo yokuqala ebekwe ngokuchasene norhulumente Assad. Ngo-2013, amaMelika wathetha malunga nokwenzeka kuhlasela ngqo usebenzisa iqela mhlaba, kodwa aphinde ayilahle ingcamango phantsi koxinzelelo eRashiya.

Ngo-2014, i-United States njengenxalenye mdibaniso antiterrorist waqalisa aseMelika kwizikhundla Islamic State. Kufuphi Aram yenye namahlakani ephambili baseMerika eMpuma - Turkey. athathwe nokusungula isole ngokuphindaphindiweyo uhlaselo Coalition kwizikhundla zazo phantsi ezisithele yokuhlaselwa I.

Syria ingxabano: indima eRashiya

IRashiya iye inxaxheba kwimfazwe yamakhaya ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo. ERashiya e Syria kuphela ziko lomkhosi. Yaye urhulumente Assad iseke kobuhlobo, nto leyo yandisa ukususela kwixesha le-USSR. Russia, kunye North Korea, e-Iran Venisueloy, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yomkhosi imikhosi karhulumente. Konke oku kwenziwa ukulondoloza uxolo kule ngingqi. Ngo-2014, eRashiya waqala ukuthatha inyathelo kwi Sham. Ngeeveki nje ezimbalwa yanyuswa ngokubonakalayo phambi emkhosini.

isiphelo

Kakuhle eli impi waseSiriya kukuzama ithi amazwe ukugcina okanye ukuphucula indawo yayo kuMbindi Mpuma. Isimo Islamic kaninzi iba namkhusane kuphela kungeniswa amajoni eSiriya. Kodwa oyena nobangela utshaba kolawulo lula kule ngingqi. Kweli nqanaba kwiMfazwe Civil lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe 3 amandla kakhulu ukuba ngeke kwaye musa sijonge ukuba ulahlekelwe. Ngoko ke, ungquzulwano iya kuqhubeka ixesha elide.