Corpus delicti

Le mbono "indibanisela tort" kwinzululwazi osemthethweni sichazwa ngokuthi "inkcazelo yezenzo ezingekho mthethweni yeempawu." Umzobo Ngaloo ezithile ngokwezikhokelo apho le nkcazelo ikhutshwa phandle. Ngenxa yoko, ubume bolwaphulo - iseti lweziqalelo. Ezi ziquka: icala injongo, kwisifundo, kwicala luluvo, eso sifundo. Kwelinye icala, la macandelo yahlulwe inyanzelekile - kubandakanywa inxalenye nganye umthetho, yaye ngokuzithandela - unique kwiinkqubo ezithile.

Agcwele effect kwicala njongo, indlela ekwenzeni kwayo (usebenzisa izixhobo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, iqela ngokutsha ngendlela). Izalathi Injongo nezibonakalisa ubume bolwaphulo mthetho, iimeko ziquka ixesha esenze isenzo (ngexesha izifo ezosulelayo, iintlekele zemvelo kunye nabanye).

Kwezinye iimeko, ubume bolwaphulo inokuquka kuphela isibakala kwalo kwanela ukuzisa bokubi ubulungisa. Xa izenzo ezinjalo, umzekelo, iquka ngesantya esiphezulu, ilifa isixhobo ngaphandle kwemvume, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imigaqo emalunga nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezinye. Ukuba umsebenzi ogqibeleleyo kuqulathe nemiphumo, yandisa, okanye kukho icala elibukhali.

Ukubunjwa lwamatyala kuquka inkcazelo zonke iziphumo isenzo. Ngako oko, enikelweyo kunye ukuseka ubudlelwane kobude Isikhokelosemisebenzi nemiphumo olulandela sona.

Isifundo ityala ekubhekiswe umntu owenza isenzo mthethweni.

Ekuphunyezweni lwezohlwayo isohlwayo nobutyala ithatha ingqalelo iimeko iphembelela iqondo sandla ngesohlwayo bekucingelwe. Ngokukodwa, iya ezinciphisa (ukukhulelwa, ebuntwaneni, njalo-njalo) okanye mandundu (ukunxila, ingxelo kulwaphulo-mthetho, izohlwayo unexpunged kunye nezinye) iimeko.

Amanye amatyala zililo ukulungiselela isifundo okhethekileyo: igosa, igosa lonyango, mkhosi, ezothutho umsebenzi. Eli candelo kuchaphazela iqondo owohlwaya yayiyetyumzayo.

A Inani matyala ngabalawulwa mbutho. Enterprise okanye iziko banokubekwa ityala isibakala le ukuphazamiseka ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukungathobeli le imisebenzi imithetho esekwe nemimiselo,-non ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwi ukukhusela endalo kunye njalo njalo. Xa besenza amatyala impahla ngobuso enetyala ngokwasemthethweni emzimbeni. Kwizifundo nga zihlelwe bokuprinta, umabonwakude, koonomathotholo kunye nezinye zosasazo. Kulo mzekelo, isenzo ngokungekho mthethweni, njengoko umthetho, ukwanda kolwazi lobuxoki.

Ngokuphathelele abo amatyala apho inyathelo ubuhlobo baphumelela ngaphandle iziphumo, umthetho-siseko jikelele. Inika ukuba ngokungazi epapashwe ngokusesikweni umthetho akumkhululi ukusuka butyala xa kuthe-lokungathobeli.

Phambi iikhompawundi oluxandileyo, ayibonileyo isenzo kunye neziphumo zayo, ingumbandela obalulekileyo umahluko kweentlobo unetyala. Ngoko ke, ukwahlula yokungakhathali kunye nenjongo. wenze ngabom kugqalwa xa umoni elibi kulindelwe iziphumo (eyingozi okanye eziyingozi) yaye ndinqwenela indlela yabo (injongo ngqo), okanye esazi wabavumela ekhubekisayo.

Isenzo kucingwa ukuba kwenziwe ngokungakhathali xa umoni, nabacinga emibi kulindeleke olova ukunqanda okanye ukulungiselela imbonakalo yazo, ufanele abe kwaye wenze oko.