Kuphi i-Golden Gate Bridge kwaye yintoni imbali yokwakhiwa kwayo?

Ngokukhenketho abakhenkethi abakhangwanga kuphela ngemimangaliso yemvelo, kodwa nangokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezizodwa. I-United States yaseMerika, eyaziwa ngokuba yindawo yayo kwimimandla emininzi, idume ngenxa yezinto ezininzi ezikhangayo, ezininzi zazo ezadalwa ngekhulu le-20. Oku kubandakanya ibhuloho emangalisayo eSan Francisco. Yintoni enomdla ongayifunda malunga nale sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele? Indawo, umlando wokwakha ibhuloho-kule ngcaciso.

Indawo:

Ngoko iphi iGolide Gate Bridge? Itholakala eSan Francisco, idibanisa isixeko kunye noMasipala waseMarin, eNyakatho yeKalifornia. Igama lebhuloho yalo libangelwa ukulingana kwegama elifanayo. Abasebenzi abaneempawu eziqingqiweyo eziqhelekileyo ziseNyakatho yePeninsula yaseSan Francisco, kufuphi ne-Pacific Ocean. Ibhuloho enkulu yokumisa ibaluleke kakhulu kwiziseko zothutho, kodwa ayizange ibonakale kudala.

Imbali yokubonakala

Inkohlakalo yaseSan Francisco yanda ngamandla ngexesha lokukhawuleza kwegolide, kwaye kuphela iingxaki zonxibelelwano kunye nomntla karhulumente zaphazamisa uphuhliso lwayo. Ngomngcipheko ndaya esikebheni. Ukwakha ibhuloho eSan Francisco kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yobunzulu bamanzi apha kunye nomgama ocacileyo. Ukongezelela, ukuqhuma kweengqungquthela kunye nexesha elinamandla kwi-strait kwaba ngumqobo kwabasebenzi. Le ngcamango yayiyiphupha nje. Kodwa ngoJoseph Strauss wayejoliswe kuyo. Wadala iprojekthi eyiyoyilo kwaye wanikeza ibhuloho yakhe yokumisa kubaphathi bezixeko. Iingxoxo zadibaniswa kwiminyaka elishumi, iingcali ezintsha zabandakanyeka ekwakheni, kwaye kunye kunye beza kunye nesisombululo esiphelele ngakumbi. Isicwangciso esiqhelekileyo saqulunqwa nguLeon Moiseev, owabeka isandla sakhe ekudalweni kweManhattan Bridge. Izibalo zaphathwa nguCharles Ellis. Ekugqibeleni, ukwakheka kwimoya yokwakhiwa kwamanje kubangelwa ngu-Irving Morrow, naye wacetyisa umthunzi obomvu obonakalayo.

Inkqubo yokudala

Indawo apho i-Golden Gate Bridge ibonakala ngathi abachasene neprojekthi babe yingozi kakhulu. I-Seamen ikholelwa ukuba ingozi eyenzekayo iya kubangela ukuba ichweba livinjelwe, abasebenzi bezitroliwe bebesaba ukuba ukwakhiwa kuyakuphazamisa ukuhamba kweenqanawa, kwaye imibutho yabasebenzi ifuna izimo ezizodwa zabasebenzi. Ukuxinezeleka okukhulu kunciphise kakhulu izicwangciso zezakhiwo . Ukuxhaswa kwezezimali kwakunceda kuphela umcimbi weebhondi. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 1933, umsebenzi waqala kwikamva elimangalisayo le-United States. I-Golden Gate Bridge yakhiwa nguStrauss, umbhali weprojekthi yokuqala. Kwakhona wacinga ngokusebenzisa ukhuseleko lomnatha olwelelwe phezu kwamanzi ngexesha lemisebenzi. Esi sigqibo sabasindisa ubomi abaninzi. Ngo-Ephreli 1937, ibhuloho yagqitywa, kwaye ngoMeyi kwakukho umkhosi wokuvula, apho i-strait yawela khona ngabantu abangamakhulu amabini amawaka. Ngomso olandelayo, ukuhamba kweemoto kwaqala, okwakusungulwa nguTreferensi uMongameli Roosevelt.

Impawu zoKwakha

Intsimi, apho i-Golden Gate Bridge ikhona khona, ithonyelwe kwiimeko ezizodwa zemvelo. Ngoko ke, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kuhlukile. Ubungakanani beBallow Gate Bridge ibingama-2737 ngamitha. Ububanzi buyimitha engama-27. Ububanzi phakathi kweendonga eziphezulu zi-1280 kumitha. Ngaphezulu kwamanzi isakhiwo senyukela kuma-67 m. Akukhona nje ubukhulu besakhiwo, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha zayo ziyamangalisa. Ngokomzekelo, ububanzi beentambo zenkxaso liphantse imitha, kwaye zenziwe ngeensimbi zensimbi ezenziwe nge-zinc. Zonke iindonga zetsimbi ezongezelelweyo ezilishumi elinantlanu ezilishumi elinesihlanu zihla ukuqinisa isakhiwo. Ubude beetambo zidlula iikhilomitha ezimbini.

Inyaniso

EUnited States of America, apho i-Golden Gate Bridge ikhona khona, lo mhlaba uhlala uhlala unomdla kakhulu. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa kwesi sakhiwo kugcinwe umthi wesundu njengobuninzi. Ngowe-1964 kuphela, irekhodi lihanjiswe kwibhulorho iVerzano eNorth State. Kodwa nangoku ngoku, ummandla weSan Francisco uhlala ubalulekile: kunye nobude bexesha eliphambili, kwindawo yesibini kweli lizwe. Ukusebenza, ibhuloho iyashintsha kwaye ishintsha. Ngethuba lokuphila kwalo, iindophi kunye neentambo zatshintshwa, umsebenzi wawusendleleni yokunyusa ukuxhatshazwa kwemvelo, ukukhanya kwatshintsha. Kulo bhuloho kwakukho imisipha ekhethekileyo, kunye nenetsimbi yentsimbi esuka ngasezantsi. Yenzelwe ukukhusela ukuzibulala. Ngokudabukisayo, kodwa into: indawo emangalisayo ibangalisa abo bafuna ukulungisa amanqaku ngobomi, kwaye kwiminyaka edlulileyo abantu abaninzi baye bazibulala.

Ezinye iinkcukacha

Kunyaka ngamnye, iSan Francisco isanda ngokunyuka ngobukhulu. Ngaphambili, yayiyiziko lokuphuthuma kwegolide, kwaye ngoku - iparadesi yengqondo, indawo eneenkampani ezininzi eziphambili ezisebenza kwinkqubo yekhompyutheni yekhompyutha. Ngoko ke, inani labahlali likhula ngokukhawuleza, oku kuthetha ukuba ukufaneleka kwebhanti enhle kwanda. Unyaka kuwo udlulisa izigidi ezimashumi amane zeemoto. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngomhla ogqithisiweyo uwela ngeemoto eziyi-110. Uhambo oluvela eMarin luya eSan Francisco luhlawulwa, luzisa abasebenzi ukuba bazuze i-$ 100 yezigidi ngonyaka, okwenza kube yinto nje yokuthutha kodwa kunye nesakhiwo semali. Ukongezelela, kukukhangeka ngokukhenketho khenketho. Apha nalabo abayidingi ukuwela i-strait go. Amawaka alishumi abavakhenkethi beza kubona i-Golden Gate Bridge ngonyaka. Esi sakhiwo sithathwa njengenye yezona zifotshane kwihlabathi. Imizila yayo ebonakalayo kunye nombala ugqugquzela abantu kuyo yonke imbali yayo.