Iminyaka yobomi Gorbachev esithi: biography intloko

intloko Ikamva kwilizwe iSoviet wazalwa Matshi 2, 1931 a Privolnoe kwilali encinane kwingingqi aseStavropol. iminyaka Gorbachev kaThixo yokuqala yobomi ziye ngabafakwa uviko. E elinantathu, inkwenkwe baqalisa ukunceda uyise, umqhubi umatshini kwezolimo, emsebenzini. A ulutsha ezilishumi elinesithandathu for ukusebenza kwi okuziinkozo, wayebhula ukusuka kurhulumente lafumana iMbasa ye- Red Banner.

umsebenzi Early

Emva kokuphumelela ngo-1950 kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo waza wafumana imbasa yesilivere, uMikhail Gorbachev efika Law Faculty of the Moscow Lomonosov University. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yena Asikokungena Communist Party, nto leyo eya kuba nento yonke iminyaka elandelayo yokudla ubomi Gorbachev. Emva kokugqiba eyunivesithi ngo-1955, lo mfana waya kulwabiwo kwisixeko aseStavropol, inkonzo kwi ofisi umtshutshisi wasekuhlaleni. Apha, uthabatha indima ebonakalayo kwimisebenzi Komsomol yentlangano, wasebenza njengoSekela yintloko yesebe ze okubangelwa kwikomiti lommandla yasekuhlaleni Komsomol. Kamva, yena yaphakanyiswa kunobhala lokuqala Komsomol aseStavropol, yaye ke umfana waza waba unobhala yokuqala aseStavropol yoMmandla Committee Komsomol. iminyaka Gorbachev yokuphila wachitha aseStavropol (1955-1962), anikwe ikamva kwesahluko imo ngamava anexabiso elikhulu kwaye ube pad wamqalisa ebalaseleyo impumelelo engakumbi.

epatini off

Ngowe-1962, kwiminyaka kancinane phezu mathathu ezelwe, ukuba asebenze ngqo kwi amalungu iqela iya uMikhail Gorbachev. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe ngoku ezingenakwahlulwa kunye Party kunye norhulumente. Yaba epopeynaya xesha uhlaziyo Khrushchev kaThixo. Party umsebenzi yaqala umququzeleli party indawo Gorbachev kweli ulawulo aseStavropol lwemveliso indawo yezolimo. NgoSeptemba 1966 yena isesikhundleni sikanobhala yokuqala yekomiti wesixeko zeqela zasekuhlaleni, yaye ngoAprili 1970, uMikhail Gorbachev waba uNobhala lokuqala leKomiti yeNgingqi CPSU aseStavropol. Ukususela ngo-1971, uMikhail ungena iKomiti Central of the Party.

ixesha eMoscow

Impumelelo yenkqubo umphathi emimandla akazange aye nolawulo akabahoyi. Ngowe-1978 waba igosa esebenzayo kuNobhala weKomiti Central kwezolimo-industrial entsonkothileyo waseUSSR, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva - ilungu Politburo ye-Central Committee Communist Party.

Xa eqeqesha karhulumente

UNobhala Jikelele Communist Party eSoviet Union Gorbachev Mihail Sergeevich waba ngoMatshi 1985. Iminyaka figure ubomi ngamandla kwixesha ezilandelayo ziye ebekho kunene; waba ngomnye wabantu abaninzi zoluntu, hayi kuphela ngurhulumente yiSoviet, kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Intloko entsha state umbono okwanele sophuhliso ngakumbi kwelo lizwe. Sele ngoMeyi 1985, wavakalisa imfuneko yokuba ekugqibeleni ukoyisa i "ngxi" kwaye ekukhawuleziseni uphuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo ye-USSR. Amalinge guqula ngqindilili ziye zavunywa kwiintlangano ezilandelayo plenary of the Central Committee Communist Party kule minyaka 1986 no-1987. Ukubala kwinkxaso izihlwele ebanzi, Gorbachev wathi izifundo malunga nokulawulwa ngokwentando yesininzi kwakunye nokwenza izinto elubala. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nguqulelo ziye lukhokelele ekugxekweni komphakathi ngurhulumente waseSoviet, kwakunye yokusebenza yayo ngaphambili. Soloko-1988 kulo lonke ilizwe baqalisa ukuba kumiswe imibutho engekho-ngokunomkhethe and non-governmental. ukuphikisana mlomo ngaphambili yobuhlanga wabonisa inkqubo nokulawulwa ngokwentando yesininzi. Konke oku kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezaziwayo-kakuhle xa ziiriphabliki zangaphambili enye kwenye baqale "kuluhlu sovereignties".

emva kokuwa

Ngokwakhe uMikhail Gorbachev yayiyintloko lokugqibela karhulumente Soviet ukuya kuDisemba 1991, xa Belarus kwasayinwa isivumelwano Bialowieza, ziphawulwe ngokuthi ekudalweni ico, yaye kwixesha elitsha ubudlelwane ngamazwe kule ngingqi. Gorbachev kamva ebomini nokuba ukusa kumkhamo othile zabanjwa kwaye yavavanywa msebenzi zezopolitiko. Uye ethile periodicity kubonakala kwezopolitiko Russian amaxesha mihla. Ukususela ngo-1992 yaye kude kube ngoku Yena ke uyintloko-mali International izifundo zopolitiko ezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Ngo-2000, wayiqhubela RUSDP, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2001 - SDPR, ukuba isithuba de 2004.