Imigaqo yolawulo oluphezulu. Imigangatho yolawulo lweendlela ISO 9000

Imigaqo yolawulo olusemgangathweni ibonisa igama elifutshane, eliqulethe izikhokelo zokubeka iliso kwilizwe lemveliso. Ziye zaphuhliswa kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ziyakhonza njengesikhokelo sokwenza isenzo sabashishini.

Imigaqo eyisiseko yolawulo oluphezulu

Ulawulo loMgangatho lulawulwa yimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Olu luhlobo lweengcebiso kunye nezikhokelo zabaphathi bezoshishino zoshishino. Ngaloo ndlela, imigaqo elandelayo yolawulo lomgangatho unikwa:

• Naliphi na inhlangano kwimisebenzi yayo kufuneka ijoliswe kumakhasimende , kuba kukuxhomekeke kwabanye. Iqumrhu lenziwe ngenjongo yokwanelisa iimfuno zabathengi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuphendula rhoqo kwizicelo ezandula ukuvela. Ukuqhelanisa nokuqhelaniswa nomthengi kuya kukwandisa kakhulu isabelo semarike, kunye nenzuzo ngokukhangela abathengi abatsha.
• Inkokeli yenkokheli kukuba nguye obeka iinjongo zokusebenza kweshishini kwaye wenza ummandla othile apho abasebenzi basebenza khona. Inkokheli kufuneka iholele iqela layo kwindlela yokufikelela kwiziphumo eziphezulu. Ngaloo ndlela, umsebenzi weeyunithi ziya kulungelelaniswa, ulungelelaniswe kwaye uqondiswe.
• Naliphi na umphathi kufuneka anikezele inani leemfanelo, kunye nokubandakanya abasebenzi kwinkqubo yolawulo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukubonakalisa ubuchule babo obude, kunye nokusebenzisa ngokugcwele zonke izibonelelo zabasebenzi ezikhoyo. Oku kunikeza inkxaso ebongezelelekileyo kubasebenzi, kwaye kuyabenza bavelele uxanduva lomntu ngokwazo kwiziphumo zemisebenzi yombutho.
• Umgaqo wendlela yokusebenza ichaza ukuba imisebenzi yoshishino kufuneka ibonwe kwaye ilawulwe njengenkqubo. Kule nkalo, iziphumo kunye neziphumo, kunye nezikhundla eziphakathi, kufuneka ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo. Oku kuvumela ukuba i-processardizing process processes, leyo eyakhokelela ekunciphiseni umjikelezo.
• Indlela efanelekileyo yokulawula intlangano. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi kweeyunithi nganye kunye neenkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, umphathi unethuba lokugxila kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yesibini. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wombutho uzinzile.
• Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo yinjongo ephambili yoshishino oluzama ukuphumelela. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ube neenzuzo ezithile malunga nemvelaphi yeminye imibutho esebenza kwimarike.
• Zonke izigqibo malunga nokulawulwa kweshishini kufuneka zenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwiinkcukacha ezithile ezijoliswe kwindalo. Ngaloo ndlela, nayiphi na inyathelo iya kuba yintloko kwaye ichaneke.
• Ubudlelwane nabathengi kufuneka bakhelwe ngokwemigangatho ezuzisayo. Xa ishishini lithemba kwizinto ezithengiweyo okanye izinto ezigqityiweyo, zinganciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko zokulawula. Ukongezelela, ulwalamano olunjalo luya kuba luncedo ngenxa yokuzinza.

Ngaloo ndlela, kungathiwa imigaqo yolawulo oluphezulu ibonisa umsebenzi wombutho ngokufanelekileyo. Umphathi unokuziphumeza ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye.

ISO 9000

Umgangatho weemveliso kunye neenkonzo zilawulwa kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaloo ndlela, iimfuno zalo mgaqo zichazwa kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ISO 9000. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuthobela olu xwebhu akusoloko kusisigxina somgangatho ophezulu, kuba kuxhomekeka kwezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunika umenzi umlinganiselo othile wokuthembeka. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba imigaqo-siseko ebhengezwe ngolu xwebhu ingahlonyelwa, kuxhomekeka kwimibutho yombutho.

Inkqubo yolawulo lwekhwalithi ye-9001 yinguqulo yesimanje, injongo yayo kukuzinzisa inkqubo yolawulo lwekhwalithi. Ekuqaleni, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabathengi nabathengi belawulwa. Okwangoku, le yimiqathango ebalulekileyo, evumela ukuba inkampani isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwimarike. Inkqubo ivumela abaphathi ukuba baqulunqe indlela yokuphatha.

Iingqinisiso zeenkqubo zolawulo lwekhwalithi zichaza imigaqo ebalulekileyo ukuba amashishini amele alandele. Esi sisiseko esibalulekileyo, esikuvumela ukulawula iimpawu zomkhiqizo kuzo zonke izigaba zomveliso.

Kutheni isitifiketi senziwa

Izaziso zeenkqubo zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi zenziwa ukuze kuchongwe oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuthotyelwa kweemveliso kunye neenkonzo kunye neemfuno zemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe;
• Ukuzimisela kokusebenza komgangatho wokulawula umgangatho osetyenziswa kwishishini;
• Ukusekwa kwemigangatho kunye nemigangatho apho umgangatho weemveliso kufuneka uhambelane;
• Ulawulo lomsebenzi;
• Ukuchaza iinkqubo zenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho.

Ukufumana isatifikethi esifanelekileyo kulandelwa ngamanyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukungeniswa kwamaphepha kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwabo kwangaphambili;
• Ukulungiselela nokuqhuba uphicotho lolawulo oluphezulu kumashishini;
• Ukugqitywa komsebenzi.

Uhlobo lweemveliso luhlolwa njani?

Izindlela zokuvavanya umgangatho wemveliso zingabalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ngendlela yokufumana ulwazi:
  • Ukulinganisa - kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo zokuchaneka;
  • Ukubhaliswa - idatha efunyenwe ngesiseko sokubala okanye ngokuzenzekelayo isetyenziswa;
  • I-Organoleptic - ngesiseko solwazi olufunyenwe ngumbono ngeengqondo;
  • Ukubalwa - kusekelwe ekusebenziseni iifomula ezizodwa.
• Ngokomthombo wolwazi:
  • Imveli - idatha yamaphepha e-accounting asetyenziswayo;
  • Ingcali - iqela leengcali libandakanyeke kwishishini elithile;
  • I-data-data iqokelelwa ngophando.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya umgangatho zilandelayo:

• Izibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo - zibonakaliswa ngabanye, nganye ekuthelekiswa kwayo nomgangatho;
• Ukulungelelanisa isalathisi esibanzi esicwangcisa zonke iimpawu ngokukhawuleza;
• Indlela edibeneyo ibonisa ukuhlolwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuhlukaniswa kweempawu ezizimeleyo.

Ulawulo olupheleleyo

Ulawulo olupheleleyo lwekhwalithi ngumgaqo odibanisa uphumelelo lwangoku kwintsimi yokuvelisa imveliso yabasebenzi, kunye nemigaqo yokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngethuba lokuqala eli thuba laziswa ngamaJapan kwiminyaka yama-1960. Le ndlela isekelwe kwisicelo esisigxina semigaqo eyisibhozo eyintloko.

Izidingo eziphambili

Ezi zilandelayo mfuneko zolawulo oluphezulu zihanjiswe kumashishini:

• Ukumisela uluhlu lweenkqubo zokulawula kunye nesicelo sabo kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi wokuvelisa;
• Zonke iinkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu kufuneka zenziwe ngokulandelelana ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zisebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo;
• Inkqubo kunye neendlela zokulawula mazihambelane nempumelelo yangoku yesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe;
• Umphathi kufuneka ahlale enokufikelela kwiinkcukacha eziza kutsho ngokuqhubekayo kwenkqubo;
• Umsebenzi wokuhlalutya oqhubekayo ukuchonga ukuphambuka nokwenziwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo;
• Ukuqwalaselwa kokuthotyelwa kweziphumo eziphunyeziweyo kufuneka kucetywe.

Injongo, iinjongo kunye namaqhinga okulawula umgangatho

Injongo yolawulo lwekhwalithi yenkqubela yexesha elide kwisicelo somthengi, kunye nokuhlonipha iimfuno zabanini kunye nabasebenzi balo shishini kunye noluntu ngokupheleleyo. Iziphumo zomsebenzi wenkampani kufuneka zenziwe ngokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngokuhambelana nenjongo, kubalulekile ukugqamisa imisebenzi esemqoka yolawulo lomgangatho, onokuqulunqwa ngale ndlela:

• Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa okufanayo kwixabiso layo eliphambili (umgaqo wokulungisa izizathu zokuphambuka kufuneka kusetyenziswe, kwaye ungagqithisi imiphumo emibi yeziphumo ezinganelisiyo);
• Isatifikethi sokugunyaza senkqubo yolawulo lwekhwalithi ukwenzela ukuphuhlisa ukuzithemba komthengi ngokuthembeka komenzi.

Amalungiselelo okucwangciswa kolawulo lobulunga anjengale ndlela:

• Ukuchongwa okusisigxina kwezizathu zeziphene ezinokwenzeka ngokujonga ukupheliswa kwabo kunye nokukhusela umtshato;
• Ukuqinisekisa umdla wabasebenzi kuwo onke amanqanaba ekuphakanyeni izinga lomgangatho;
• Ukudala isicwangciso sojoliso olufanelekileyo;
• Ukuphucula rhoqo umgangatho weempahla ngokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha;
• Ukubeka esweni rhoqo ukuphunyezwa kwezesayensi zakutshanje ngenjongo yesicelo sabo kwimveliso nolawulo;
• Uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwamagunya okulawula;
• Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lophuhliso kunye nokuphucula ulwazi kummandla wolawulo oluphezulu kumphathi kunye nabo bonke abasebenzi.

Iinjongo eziphambili zolawulo oluphezulu

Inkqubo yolawulo lwekhwalithi ye-ISO ichaza oku:

• Ulawulo lomgangatho ngumsebenzi wokuchonga ukuhambelana nomgangatho weemveliso ezichazwe kumaphepha olawulo (unokuthi uyenze ngokulinganisa imisebenzi, iimvavanyo zelabhoratri, ukujonga kwimeko yemvelo ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi);
• Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo obonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo efanelekileyo yokulawula (oku kusebenza kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, izixhobo zokulawula, ukuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza, kunye nesevisi yokuthengisa emva koko, njalo njalo);
• Ukucwangciswa kobulunga kukusetyenzana lwemisebenzi ukuchonga iimpawu ezizayo zesibonelelo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuzalisekisa izikhombisi ezifanelekileyo (oku kuquka inkcazelo kunye nokuthengwa kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo yokuvelisa);
• Ukuphuculwa komgangatho kukugqitywa komthamo wokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwanda kwendawo yokuvelisa (nayo ingaba ngumbuzo wenkqubo yezobuchwepheshe, isakhiwo sobume, njalo njalo).

IiNdawo eziLawula ukuPhathwa kweMgangatho

Okwangoku, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi kuye kwafumanisa isiseko esicacileyo kunye nesisiseko, esidibanisa iziganeko kwiindawo ezininzi zolwazi. Kwiminyaka emininzi, iinkqubo ezininzi zenziwe, ezona ziwayo zilandelayo:

• I-ISO yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo kwihlabathi. Iinjongo zalo eziphambili zikhokelo lwezoshishino kunye nomsebenzi ngamnye womqeshwa ngamnye ekuphuculeni umgangatho, obonakaliswe ekuphuculeni okuqhubekayo kweso ssystem.
• Ulawulo olupheleleyo lwekhwalithi yifilosofi efikile kwilizwe laseJapan. Ingundoqo yayo kukuphucula yonke into enokwenzeka. Ngelo xesha, akukho migaqo ecacileyo kunye nezikhundla apho kufuneka kwenziwe khona imisebenzi.
• Amanqaku okubaluleka ngamabhaso athile, anikezelwa kwimibutho ephumelele kwimpumelelo yokulawula umgangatho. Iimveliso zazo kufuneka zihambelane ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zonke ezisisiseko. Ukuqwalaselwa kwakhona kukhangelelaniswa nombutho wolawulo lwangaphakathi.
• "I-Six Sigma" yinkqubo ejoliswe ekuphuculeni zonke iinkqubo kwishishini. Injongo yokuchonga ngexesha lonke ukungalingani kumgangatho, ukuchonga izizathu zabo nokuzisa inkqubo kwilizwe eliqhelekileyo. Le isethi esithile yezixhobo ezivumela ukuba ulungiselele inkqubo yokuvelisa.
• Ukuvelisa okuvelisayo kuyindlela ebonisa ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokwanda kwangexesha elifanayo kumgangatho weemveliso. Ingundoqo yenkqubo kukuba zonke izixhobo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ngenjongo yokuvelisa umveliso kumsebenzisi wokugqibela ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba kunjalo, ukwanda kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo akukhokelela ekuphuculeni umgangatho wezinto ezigqityiweyo, kufuneka zihlaziywe.
• I-Kaizen yifilosofi yaseJapane, oku kuthetha ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo nokufuna okungcono kunye nokukhuthaza. Le ndlela yinkqubo, echaza ukuba umntu kufuneka enze rhoqo amanyathelo angabalulekanga kwindlela yokuphucula, nangona kungekho nto ingenakho ukuguqulwa komhlaba. Ngokudlulayo kwexesha, ezi ncinane zinguqu ziza kubakho ukuguquka kwehlabathi (ubungakanani buya kuba mgangatho).
• Izindlela eziphambili ziyimpawu ebandakanya ukufunda nokusebenzisa impumelelo eqhubekayo yemibutho esebenza kwishishini elithile.

Izigqibo

Ukuphathwa koMgangatho ngowomnye wemisebenzi ephambili kwanoma yiphina ibhizinisi, elijolise ekuzaliseni isicelo somthengi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba eliphezulu lenzuzo. Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe sele iqulunqa imigaqo efanelekileyo, enokuthi ikhokele amabhizinisi ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yabo. Abavelisi kufuneka baqale ukugxila kwimfuno yabathengi. Inhloko yenkampani kufuneka ibe yinkokeli, apho i-initiative kunye namandla kuvela, kodwa bonke abasebenzi kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Umbutho kufuneka ubonwe njengenkqubo ebalulekileyo. Yonke imveliso yinkqubo enye. Ukuthatha naziphi na izigqibo zolawulo, kulungile ukuthembela kwi-data yangempela. Ngokuphathelele ubudlelwane nabaphakeli, kufuneka zakhiwe ngokwemigangatho ezuzisayo.

Kulawulo lwekhwalithi kwishishini inani leemfuno ezibekwa phambili. Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqinisekisa uluhlu lweenkqubo eziphantsi kokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo. Ukulandelelana ngokucacileyo kwenkqubo yokubeka iliso kufuneka kuchazwe, kwaye kuyafaneleka ukuseka ubudlelwane obucacileyo phakathi kwabo. Ukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa umgangatho, kubalulekile ukugxila kwimpumelelo yesayensi yanamhlanje, ngelixa ulwazi oluvela kumphathi lufanele luhlale lufanelekileyo. Inkonzo yolawulo kufuneka ichonge iziphene kwi-indicator ecwangcisiweyo kwaye wenze utshintsho ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Obanzi kakhulu ehlabathini wafumana inkqubo esemgangathweni ISO 9000, enika iingcebiso ecacileyo isikhokelo umbutho kunye nolawulo lwemveliso inkqubo. Ukuba sithethe lilonke ulawulo Japanese umgangatho, eyikhethayo kuphela zokukhokela icebisa ukuphucuka ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iindawo. Umgangatho Award - umkhwa ethandwayo ubandakanya evuza abenzi kakhulu kushishino, ukuba imveliso zabo ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zolawulo. Loo inkqubo, njenge "sigma ezintandathu", imela yokuqhelwaniswa esweni rhoqo imeko ukuze akwazi ukufumanisa ezinxaxhileyo nokulungisa kwabo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokufanelekileyo ngokubanzi ezifunyenweyo engenawo. Ngokuhambelana nale mbono, zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ekuvelisweni imveliso yokugqibela kunye ilahleko engephi. Kakhulu umdla kugqalwa-bulumko Japanese of kaizen. It sikuko yokuba umbutho kufuneka rhoqo amanyathelo ubuncinane ezincinane zokuphucula, sithembele ziziphumo ezidibeneyo elizayo. Ukuba sithethe lwemisebenzi engcono, inkokeli kufuneka bafunde ukufunda kwimibutho kakhulu ngempumelelo zokusebenza kwishishini.