Imfundo Physical: iinjongo, iinjongo, iindlela kunye nemigaqo. Imigaqo abantwana pre-school zemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni: iimpawu umgaqo nganye. Imigaqo System Physical Education

Kwimfundo namhlanje yenye yeenkalo eziphambili kwezemfundo - imfundo emzimbeni ukususela besebancinane. Ke kaloku, ukuba abantwana bachitha phantse lonke ixesha lam simahla kwi computer phones, lo mba kuba kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo. Ngapha koko, ubuntu iyavisisana, apho injongo yemfundo kunye nemfundo mihla - yinto uluhlu kuphela ngolwazi nezakhono, kodwa uphuhliso elungileyo ngokomzimba, kunye nempilo yiyo elungileyo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwazi imigaqo yemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni, injongo yaso kunye neenjongo. ulwazi olunjalo luya kunceda wonke umzali ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso ubuntu okunempilo umntwana wabo kunye nqanaba pre-school kunye noncedo ukuze zikhule kakuhle.

Imfundo Physical: iinjongo, iinjongo, imigaqo

imfundo Physical - yinkqubo yemfundo ejolise ekubumbeni izakhono motor somntwana, iimpawu zakhe ngokwasengqondweni-emzimbeni, kwakunye umncede ukubenza bagqibelele umzimba wakhe.

Injongo yale kubaluleke imfundo iqulunqwe ngemvisiswano, abantwana abafezekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni, abakhoyo kumgangatho ophezulu ekumgangatho ezifana echwayithile, amandla, nobuchule. uqeqesho Physical sibhekiswe zokusombulula iingxaki ezifana:

• ezempilo;
• imfundo;
• zemfundo.

Ukuphuculwa umntwana yinto ephambili kwinkqubo yemfundo kwaye ijolise ekuphuculeni impilo kunye nokhuseleko ubomi bomntwana. Kukwafakwe kwakhona uphuhliso iyavisisana lengqondo, ukuphuculwa sifo ngokusebenzisa yokuqaqadeka, kwakunye kakuhle nokwanda. neengxaki zempilo zenzelwe ukuba:

• kunceda ukwakha ngendlela ethile echanekileyo, wahlaba yomqolo, nokuma ivumelane;
• ukuphuhlisa neengqameko yonyawo;
• ukuqinisa izixhobo lungu-articular;
• ukulawula ukukhula kunye namathambo;
• ukuphuhlisa izihlunu ebusweni, umzimba kunye nazo zonke ezinye imizimba.

Iinjongo zemfundo yenzelwe ukwenza izakhono motor, kwakunye kuphuhliso iimpawu yezengqondo zomzimba kunye namandla motor. Kwakhona kuquka ukuthengwa inkqubo ethile ulwazi malunga imithambo ezemidlalo, isakhiwo zabo malunga ngezinto umsebenzi zokuzonwabisa umzimba. Umntwana kwinkqubo yemfundo kufuneka bazazi izenzo zabo ngokwasemzimbeni, funda isigama, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye lwesithuba, kwakunye ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga uphumezo echanekileyo iintshukumo kunye imithambo ezemidlalo, ukulungisa kwimemori, njengoko izinto negama, amaqokobhe, iinzuzo, kwaye ukhumbule ukuba mawuzisebenzise njani. Umele ukuba umzimba wakhe yaye inkqubo zokufundisa senzelwe ukukwakha in reflection kwakhe ngokomzimba.

iingxaki zemfundo kulala lokusekwa ukukwazi ukwenza eyiyo yokusetyenziswa umthambo kumsebenzi self-injini, kwakunye noncedo kwi ukufumana ubabalo, bhetyebhetye imizwa of intshukumo. iimpawu abaqeqeshiweyo ezifana inkululeko, inyathelo, ubuchule, ukuzeyisa mbutho. Senziwe imfundo iimpawu ucoceko, kwakunye nenkxaso ngoonokhaya okuququzelela imidlalo ezahlukeneyo. Iinjongo zemfundo zibandakanya nokudalwa iimeko ithembisa ukuba ukuyilwa neempawu ezithandekayo, ukuthonjiswa iziseko zayo yokuziphatha kunye neempawu volitional, nokumilisela inkcubeko iimvakalelo kunye sengqondo aesthetic imithambo zemidlalo.

Ewiliko zonke iingxaki kubo ubunye ngundoqo ukuyilwa avumelana, ubuntu iphuhliswe ngokubanzi.

Imigaqo-physical education enziwa iiphatheni ezingundoqo methodological zenkqubo yezemfundo, apho zibonakaliswa iimfuno ezisisiseko umxholo, uyilo kunye umbutho kwenkqubo yemfundo kunye lwemethodoloji.

imfundo Elivisisanayo emzimbeni mhlawumbi zidityaniswe obschepedagogicheskih imigaqo yayisetyenziselwa kunye nemithetho iinkalo zoqeqesho ezithile.

Jikelele siseko zokufundisa: ulwazi, umsebenzi, njalo kunye nophindaphindo

Imigaqo -physical education yabantwana zabasakhasayo isekelwe ikakhulu ekufundiseni ezisisiseko eziya kunceda ekufikeleleni kule njongo. Kuphela umanyano onke amacandelo iqinisekisa uphuhliso umntwana kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, imigaqo esisiseko noqeqesho emzimbeni kokuya esikolweni abantwana ngokwesiseko zokufundisa jikelele:

1. Lo mgaqo yenzelwe ukuphakamisa ukuqondwa kwe umntwana sengqondo enengqondo imithambo ezemidlalo, kwakunye imidlalo yaphandle. Lithathwe ngokusekelwe inkcaso lweentshukumo yokufunda ulwazi ngentloko. Xa ulwazi iintshukumo ubugcisa, indlela lokubulawa kwabo, kwakunye zakhe izihlunu umzimba imimoya wakhe yabumba umntwana umzimba vangama.
2. Umgaqo esebenzayo kuthetha uphuhliso iimpawu ezifana inkululeko, inyathelo, nokucinga.
3. Umgaqo ukusebenzisa indlela yokuvavanya imfanwinye. Ethetha nemigaqo esisiseko yemfundo ebonakalayo esekelwe ekufundiseni, singasathethi ke iqondo ukubaluleka kwale ethile. Kunyanzelekile okokuba abo uhlobo ngalunye imiyalelo zemfundo: nokuphuculwa kwezakhono, kwaye udale imo lukhuni. Inika ubudlelwane eyondeleleneyo ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Imisebenzi yokuzilungiselela kunye nonikezelo kwinkqubo ukuvumela inkosi entsha, ngoko, Esayama kuyo, yiya kwi, kunzima kakhulu elandelayo. Lo mgaqo kufezeka njalo, inkqubela kunye noqeqesho yenkqubo intsingiselo kwixesha yobudala pre-school.
4. Umgaqo uphindaphinde kwezakhono. Ethetha malunga nemigaqo yemfundo ebonakalayo yabantwana kokuya esikolweni, oku kufuneka zikhankanyiwe kuluhlu zibaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto ukuphindaphindwa iintshukumo kwaye ivumela kukufakwa ukuyilwa kwezakhono. ke kuphela ukwenza iingcinga linamandla. inkqubo impinda isekelwe phezu nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nophindaphindo.
5. Umgaqo gradualness, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ubukho iinketho utshintsho nemvukelo ekhoyo kweentshukumo. Kancinane kwaye rhoqo umthambo - isiseko imithetho nokomzimba.
6. ecacileyo siseko, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze kusekwe unxibelelwano phakathi imbono kunye nokucinga oluvo. Oku kuya kuvumela directionally kuchaphazela yonke imisebenzi zeenkqubo sensory abandakanyeka kwintshukumo. Ethetha kule migaqo-physical education, ziquka ukubonakala ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Eyokuqala kuvela yokuba ngutitshala ngokwakhe ubonisa imisebenzi neyezihlunu ufunda kwesi sigaba. ukubonakala esingeneleiwe kufezeka ebonisa iifilim, iincwadi, iifoto kunye neegrafu ukuba zinika ingcaciso echanekileyo intshukumo entsha. Lo mgaqo yenzelwe ukunika kahle ngqo ngakumbi ukudlalwa nezinto ezintsha.
7. Umgaqo Ubukho ngundoqo kwimfundo elungileyo emzimbeni. Thathela ingqalelo amanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima beemvavanyo, utitshala kufuneka athathe ingqalelo iimpawu zomntu zomntwana ngamnye ngokuyinika eyahlukahlukeneyo. ndlela kuphela kuya kunceda umzimba nokunceda kuphuhliso evumelanayo zonke iimpawu emzimbeni epriskuli. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela umgaqo kokufumaneka kunokukhokelela umothuko ezahlukeneyo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni.
8. Umgaqo yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo individualization kwidatha enkulisa zendalo, ezisekelwe kuyo, utitshala kudala isicwangciso sokuphucula phambili yophuhliso ebonakalayo.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukubonakala, ukufikeleleka, individualization - eminye imigaqo zokufundisa jikelele

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba sihlandlo ngasinye kwezi migaqo isakhiwo iqinisekisa ukuyilwa zophuhliso esempilweni zobuntu. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela ubuncinane omnye kubo kwehlisa amathuba ekufezekiseni ngokuchanileyo le njongo.

Imigaqo-physical education: iimpawu eyinqobo ngalinye

Iimfuno zemfundo Modern zibandakanya ukubambelela ngenyameko yonke imithetho wemfundo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo. yobudala uthole ke lokuqala ubuntu yokufunda. Kwaye ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela yonke imigaqo yemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni kwinguqu esa inxalenye entsha yokuqeqesha umntwana izakhono motor kuyimfuneko, reflection emzimbeni kunye nezinye nezalathisi zophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni bomntu. Imigaqo emayilandelwe kwinkalo yemfundo, oku kulandelayo:

1. Umgaqo phambili, leyo yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Zinika ukulandelelana iiseshoni, ulwalamano phakathi kwazo, kwakunye elide kufuneka lwenziwe kangaphi nangaphandle. Imisebenzi engundoqo kuphuhliso olufanelekileyo ngokomzimba umntwana enkulisa.
2. Umgaqo kwenkqubo alternation ukuphumla umthambo. Ukwenzela ukuphucula ukusebenza imisebenzi, imfuneko ukudibanisa umsebenzi eliphezulu kwaye ezinye umntwana kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo umsebenzi motor. Lo mgaqo sigxininiswa inguqu olutshintshayo ifomu kunye nesiqulatho imithwalo ezisebenzayo ukusuka kwisigaba omnye komnye.
3. Umgaqo iimpembelelo ngokuthe ngcembe uqeqesho yokwakha-yayisetyenziselwa kugqiba ukwanda yokulandelelana kwemithwalo. Le ndlela kwandisa umphumo yophuhliso, inyusa, kwaye ihlaziya ifuthe umthambo emzimbeni ngethuba kwicala yoqeqesho.
4. cyclicality siseko ubonelela ulandelelwano nokuphindaphinda yemisebenzi, oko kubenza ukuba ukwandisa ukusebenza, kuphuculwe ngokwasemzimbeni ukomelela enkulisa.

Neminye imigaqo nkqubo yale ndawo yokuba imfundo

Iimpawu nemigaqo yemfundo emzimbeni abuyonto ngaphandle kokuchaza ezinye imithetho esisiseko:

1. Umsebenzi Umgaqo ubudala inkqubo kwicala lemfundo, nto leyo equka kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iimpawu ngamnye umntwana enkulisa.
2. Umgaqo wophuhliso epheleleyo-gingxi. Oku kunceda xa kusenziwa uphuhliso namandla ingqondo nomzimba lo mntwana, ubuchule bakhe motor, oluqhutywa umanyano. Lo mgaqo ijoliswa kuphuhliso zonke-round umntwana kokuya esikolweni, nto leyo equka imfundo zonke iimpawu ngayo umntwana.
3. Umgaqo yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo ukuphucula, esinjongo ukusombulula ingxaki lokomeleza impilo zabantwana. Oku kubandakanya indibanisela olulandelenayo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neenkqubo ezithile ezandisa amathuba yomzimba yomntwana. Kwakhona ukuba ngcono kakhulu ukuba luzibandakanye nolonwabo ingqondo. Ethetha malunga nemigaqo yemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni epriskuli, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwale ndawo kufuneka wenziwe ngokungqongqo phantsi kweliso gqirha.

Ukusuka utitshala ufuna zinjalo eyinqobo nganye kwimfundo ngamnye yabantwana zabasakhasayo iye yabanjwa ngobuchule kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Iindlela yale ngakulo imfundo

Phantsi indlela libhekisela iseti iindlela ezijoliswe kwanokwandisa inkqubo yemfundo. Ukhetho indlela ixhomekeke imisebenzi ejongene utitshala kangangexesha elithile, isiqulatho zemfundo kunye nemisebenzi zemfundo, kwakunye awohluke ngamnye kunye neminyaka eyodwa.

Iindlela kunye nemigaqo zoqeqesho ngokomzimba zidityaniswe eyilelwe ukuphumeza injongo eyodwa: ngokuvula umntu ephuhliswe ngokwasemzimbeni.

Qaphela ukuba ukusebenza kwawo amandla ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni, kwaye ke ezinye emva kokuba umthwalo ibuyisela kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye linge.

iindlela ezisisiseko afundiswe indlela, ezo zisisiseko omkhathalelayo ngethuba lokusebenza kunye abangekaqali esikolweni, oku kulandelayo:

1. Ulwazi kunye indlela kwemo egqiba unxulumano kunye kokuxhomekeka umsebenzi odibeneyo umntwana umkhathaleli. Enkosi kuye, utitshala adlulise ngokukodwa ngokucacileyo nokwazi kokuya esikolweni, yaye - khumbula ngabom aze abone.
2. Zaleni enye ogama - indlela yokulungiselela iindidi ukudlala msebenzi. Yena ukucinga iinkqubo exercise ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngokutsha izenzo enkulisa eyaziwa eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa indlela yolwazi-ithambe.
3. ingxaki-based indlela yokufunda yinxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo, nto leyo eya kuba abuyonto ngaphandle kwayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana akakwazi kufunda ukucinga kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono zobuchule kwinqanaba elifunekayo kuphela yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi. Isiseko le yokufunda ingxaki-based babumba imithetho zophuhliso kwengcamango yoluntu nobuchule kulwazi. Umsebenzi yengqondo umntwana luvuliwe, xa kukho imfuneko ukuze aqonde into ethile. Xa efuna isisombululo kwingxaki yena yedwa kuvelisa ulwazi. Kwaye ukuba zifunxe ngcono kunokuba iimpendulo esele zenziwe. Ukongeza, xa umntwana ugqiba umsebenzi kunokwenzeka ngenxa yobudala bakhe imidlalo mobile, inegalelo kuphuhliso bakhe ukuzithemba nokuzithemba. Ukwenza iimeko yingxaki umsebenzi motor, utitshala wenza ukufunda umdla ngakumbi kwaye luyasebenza. Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko elungileyo kuphuhliso lwezakhono yokuyila izinto, abe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso abantwana zabasakhasayo.
4. Le ndlela ngokungqongqo umthambo olulawulwayo elisombulula ingxaki zokubonelela ngeyona ndawo isingqongileyo ilungileyo ukuze umntwana Iyakwazi izakhono motor kwaye ziphuhliswe iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni-emzimbeni.
5. Indlela yoqeqesho wesiphaluka, ebandakanya ukuhamba enkulisa kuluhlu kwangaphambili, ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile kunye nemithambo ukunika ithuba lokuba ukusebenza kumaqela ahlukeneyo izihlunu, amalungu kunye neenkqubo zomzimba. Injongo yale ndlela - ukuphumeza isiphumo uphucuka eliphezulu lokuzilolonga kunye nokwandisa ubuchule eziphilayo.

iindlela Obschedidakticheskie wokufundisa imiyalelo eyodwa

Ukongeza kwezi, kukho ezinye iindlela yokufundisa eyodwa imiyalelo ukuba obschedidakticheskie:

1. iindlela ebonisa ezinegalelo ukudala ulwazi kunye neemvakalelo ngaye intshukumo, ukuqonda ngokoluvo kunye nokukwazi nokuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe woluvo.
2. ubuchule ngomlomo, nisindiswayo ngokuba ngomlomo, ezijolise ekolulweni ezingqondweni komntwana, ukuyilwa ukuqonda yemisebenzi, intsebenzo umthambo kwinqanaba abazi, ukuqonda umxholo zabo, isakhiwo, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ozimeleyo nawokuyila ezahlukeneyo zamatyala.
3. iindlela Practical zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa izenzo mafutha enkulisa, ukuchaneka imbono kunye motor yakhe ukushukumisa.

Ngexesha uqeqesho kubalulekile ukuba ihlale engqondweni into yokuba zonke iindlela kunye nemigaqo yemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni zihlobene kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe zidityaniswe ukwenzela iziphumo ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

umthambo - uphuhliso lokuzimela kunye nobuchule

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe yokuqala yobomi bomntwana - ixesha lophuhliso obukhulu; emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuqinisekisa iimeko kangangoko ukuba uqeqesho kunye nokuphumeza yonke imigaqo-physical education. umsebenzi wakhe elizayo kunye nempumelelo emfundo ixhomekeke ngqo kwi kuya ukulawula indlela kakuhle umzimba wakho kunye neentshukumo zayo. Okubaluleke olukhulu dexterity kunye noqhelwaniso, kwakunye isantya impendulo motor.

Kakuhle amalungiselelo imfundo emzimbeni kokuya esikolweni abantwana kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ootitshala nabazali banike imo motor yokusebenza, nto leyo efunekayo xa imeko esempilweni ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni komntwana emini.

Iindlela nokufezekiswa epriskuli physical education

Umgaqo oyintloko wemfundo yezemvelo kukuzaliseka kweenjongo kunye nemisebenzi ebekiwe. Yintoni eyenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi:

• Imidlalo yemidlalo;
• Hamba;
• Umsebenzi ngamnye kunye nomfundi oqhelekileyo okanye isikolo esincinci;
• Iiklasi zabantwana kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba kwifom emele;
• Ieholide zezemidlalo.

Imfundo rhoqo emzimbeni ibeka isiseko sokuba umntwana uza kuphumelela njani izakhono zokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, utitshala akakwazi, kwisiseko seeklasi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphucula izakhono ezithengiweyo, ukuzinza kwabo, kunye nokukwazi ukuzifumana ngokuzimeleyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Yingakho ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo yemfundo yempilo kwenzeka kwimihla yesikolo ngoncedo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphandle kwe-gymnastics njalo ekuseni kunye nenani elithile lokuzivocavoca, ishedyuli yemihla ngemihla inikeza ixesha leemidlalo ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle, izifundo, kunye nokunika abantwana ithuba lokudlala ngokwabo okanye ngamaqela amancinci. Ngaloo ndlela, imimiselo yemfundo yemvelo yabantwana be-school age school isenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iindidi zomsebenzi ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo esikolweni.

Ukuqwalaselwa komgaqo ngamnye kukubalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni ngempumelelo kwinjongo

Imfundo yasesikolweni isigaba sokuqala semisebenzi yemfundo kunye nengqiqo. Emva koko, ngelo xesha kusekwa isiseko, apho impumelelo yemfundo eqhubekayo iza kusekelwe. Yaye kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo bemfundo yempilo kunye nempilo yomntwana, oku kusisiseko semfundo yomntu ophuculwe ngokuvumelana. Kungenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukugcina yonke imigaqo yemfundo yenyama. Emva kokuba baqwalasele ngenyameko nganye, umntu unokubona umlinganiselo wokubaluleka komgaqo ohlukileyo kwiinkqubo ezithatyathwe ukufezekisa injongo.

Kwakhona, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuphuhliswa ngokuthe xaxa kweso sifundo, umntu akufanele azincitshe kuphela kwimisebenzi enkulisa. Umzali ngamnye kufuneka aqonde ngokubaluleka ukubaluleka kokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo imigaqo yenkqubo yemfundo yezemvelo ukwenzela ukuqhubela phambili iimpawu zomntu kunye nengqondo. Kwaye kuba kulo xesha liza kusekwa isiseko sobuntu besikhathi esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama konke okusemandleni ukunyamekela ukukhula komzimba komntwana. Esikhundleni sokubukela iikhathuni kunye nemidlalo kwikhompyutheni kufuneka ifundiswe kumntwana kwimidlalo yeselula. Kwiinkqubo zokuqonda, ziya kuba negalelo ekubunjweni kwayo ngokomzimba.