Imfazwe yaseGrengham: imfazwe yolwandle eyenzeka ngoJulayi 27, 1720 eLwandle lwaseBaltic

Imfazwe yaseGringham yenye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo imfazwe yolwandle yokuqala kwinkulungwane ye-18. Le mpi yamanxweme yaqukumbela udumo loBukumkani baseRashiya njengamandla okudalwa kwamanxweme. Ukubaluleka kwayo kubonakala kwinto yokuba imfazwe yaseGrenham yazisa inqwelo yaseRussia ibambelele, ebanjwe ngexesha elibalulekileyo. ISweden yayinokufumana uncedo eNgilani, ukumkanikazi wezilwandle, kwaye kwimeko apho, ukuphuma kwinqanawa yaseRashiya ukuya kumanxweme aseMntla Yurophu kunokusongelwa. Iinqwelo zokulwa zaseBrithani ziseLwandle lwaseBaltic kwaye zilungele ukuhamba ngokubambisana kunye neenqanawa zoLwandle lwaseSweden. Indawo efanelekileyo, izenzo ezilungileyo kwaye zazisa ukunqoba eRashiya, ukunqoba kwakhe uPetros ngokwakhe.

Abafundi beMbali babuzwa imibuzo malunga naliphi na i-Battle of Grengham, ngubani owayengumtshaba waseRashiya, nokuba ngaba uloyiso lwawunqoba kule mpi. Sizakuzama ukuphendula le mibuzo neminye ngokubanzi.

Imbali yokulwa

Unyaka weMfazwe yaseGrengham kwaphawulwa yimpumelelo ngokukhawuleza yoBukumkani baseRashiya obunokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kunye nolwandle lokuhamba. Ngokukhawuleza amaRussia afunda zombini iindlela zokulwa zamanqanawa, kunye nezakhono ezifunyenwe kwii-pirates. Ezi mpu melelo azikwazi ukuphazamisa amandla amakhulu aselwandle. Isidingo salo naluphi na isenzo esilungileyo sabonakala emva kokulwa kweGangut, apho iinqanawa zaseRashiya zayitshabalalisa umkhosi wezempi waseSweden. Imikhosi yaseNgilani naseSweden yakha umanyano wempi, eyona nto injongo yayiza kubandakanya imikhosi yamaRashiya kunye nokuthintela ukulawulwa kweenqwelo zaseRashiya eLwandle lwaseBaltic. Ukuze kuboniswe ukusebenzisana kwayo, u-Anglo-Swedish squadron wangena eLwandle lwaseBaltic waza waqala ukuya eRavel.

Ukuziphatha okunjalo akuzange kuphoqele i-Tsar yaseRussia ukuba ifune iindlela zokuxolelana kunye neentshaba ezinamandla, kwaye i-squadron yabuyela emanzini aseSweden. Xa umbusi waseRussia efumene oku kuhamba, walela ukuba kudluliselwe iinqanawa zeenqwelo zaseRashiya ezivela kwii-Aland Islands ukuya eHelsingfors. Iiflethi ezininzi zazithunyelwa ngeenxa zonke, ezijoliswe ekutheni amanzi angathathi hlangothi. Kungekudala enye yeemkhombe zagijimela phantsi, kwaye abasebenzi bayo babanjwa ngabase-Swedish. UPetros watshelwa malunga nokulahlekelwa kwekhephe, wabuya ukuba abuyisele le nqanawa ukuya kwindawo yakudala yokusekela - ukuya kunxweme ye-Aland Islands.

Ukuqaphela

NgoJulayi 26, 1720, ama-galley kunye neenqwelo ezingama-29 zeenqwelo zaseRashiya zaqala ukusondela kwiI Åland Islands. Le nqanawa yayalawulwa nguGeneral MM Golitsyn, umfikeli kaPeter Omkhulu. Ephambi kwe flotilla kwakukho izibhebhe ezincinci ezenzelwe ukuhlonishwa. Ngombulelo kulo mbono, iGolitsyn wafumanisa ukuba i-squadron yaseSweden yayilinde phakathi kweziqithi zaseFritsberg naseLemland.

Utshaba

Iinqanawa zemikhosi yaseSweden zayalelwe ngumlawuli wamachiza onamava, uAmiral K. Schöbland. Iqela lakhe lalibandakanya ii-frigates ezine, iinqwelo zokulwa, iinqanawa ezithoba kunye neenqanawa kunye nabasebenzi abangaphezu kwewaka.

Kwiimeko zomoya oqhwithelayo kunye nomsinga ophezulu, ulwandle lwalufuneka luhlehliswe. I-squadron yaseRashiya yabeka ikhosi kwiFr. Grangam ukulungiselela indawo yakhe yokulwa. Ngaloo nto yaqala iMfazwe yaseGrengham.

I-1720 yeenqwelo zaseRashiya zazibhekiselele kubalawuli abanamava, iinqanawa ezinamandla, amava okuphumelela asele ekulweni olwandle. Ngoko ke, xa iinqanawa zokuhamba kweentshaba zaza kudibana, wanikwa ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo.

I-Admiral yeenqanawa zaseSweden i-K. Schöbland yayineenqwelo ezili-156 ebhokheni yakhe yemfazwe, ngoko akazange afune ukufihla kwiidonon zaseRussia. Ukusondela kumgama ochanekileyo, umkhombe waseSweden waqalisa ukukhanda iinqanawa zaseRashiya kuzo zonke izibhamu ezikhoyo.

Ukulungiselela imfazwe

Emva kokufunda i-data recognition, iGeneral Golitsyn wayilungiselela imfazwe enkulu. Wagqiba ekubeni aphume aye eGrantham (Grangam) encinci. Kule ndawo, ngokwemaphu yecala, iindawo ezincinci kunye nezihlangu ezininzi zafunyanwa. Kwimeko apho kubakho inzondo ekhuselekileyo, kwakukho ingozi yokukhusela iinqanawa zaseRashiya ngemikhosi yaseSweden. I-Golitsyn enokukhethwa kwinqanaba kunye nesiphumo esingathandekiyo semfazwe, ukuqinisekisa ukufuduka kweenqanawa zaseRussia kwiindawo zabo zangaphambili kwi-Fliesosund Strait. Emva kokufumana ukurhoxiswa kweenqanawa zaseRussia, uGeneral Golitsyn wanikela umyalelo wokuqalisa iMfazwe yaseGrengham.

Ikhondo lokulwa

NgoJulayi 27, ngo-1720 iScottron squadron, esebenzisa i-tailwind, yaqala ukufudukela kwintlambo, apho iinqanawa zeenqwelo zaseRashiya zagxininiswa khona.

UGolitsyn wanikela umyalelo wokubuyela ngokukhawuleza, ukukhwela abaseSweden ibe ngumgibe olungeleyo. Xa ii-frigates ezine zeSweden zikhokelwa yi-flagship zangena kwi-Fliesosun strait, i-squadron yaseRashiya yathatha indawo yayo yangaphambili, ibenqabela abaseSweden ukuba bangabikho mgibe. Iinqanawa ezihamba ngokukhawuleza zeenqanawa zaseRussia zahlasela iinqanawa zeentshaba ezivela kumacala onke. Ukuzama ukubalekela ekuhlaselweni kwebhodi, iinqanawa zaseSweden zaqala ukubonakala, kodwa zagijimela. Ngaloo ndlela, baqhubeka beyinkimbinkimbi yezinye iinqanawa - iifrigates ezinzima zivalile indlela yokuphuma kwisicupho kwaye zenze ukuba nzima ukuthutha zonke iinqanawa zaseSweden. Inkqonkqo yokuqhayisa impi yahlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezine kwaye yathweswa ngumoya uphumelelo olukhuselayo lweenqwelo zaseRussia. Abanqwelisi baseRussia bakwazi ukumbamba iifrigates ezine zesiSweden, iinqanawa eziseleyo, ezikhokelwa yi-flagship, zakwazi ukuphuma kwisiqatha ngokulahleka okukhulu.

Ukulwa nokulahlekelwa

I-Battle of Grengham yabulala abasolwandle abangama-82 baseRussia, abantu abangama-203 balimala. Icala lotshaba lalahlekelwa ngabantu abangama-103 kunye nabangama-407. Iinqanawa zaseRashiya zafumana umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa amaSweden alahlekelwa ngokugqibeleleyo ezine zeefrigates zazo.

Iziphumo zemfazwe

Nangona kukho ilahleko ezinkulu, iMfazwe yaseGrengham inefuthe ekulungelelaniseni imikhosi ekhuselekileyo kwihlabathi. Ukunqoba okukholisayo kweenqanawa zaseRussia ezihamba ngeenqanawa zaseSweden zaba bubungqina obucacileyo bokubukwa kwemikhosi yamaRussia. Inqwelo yezempi yaseSweden yafumana ilahleko ezinkulu kwaye yazinikezela ngokubanzi izikhundla zayo kwiiLwandle zaseBaltic naseNyakatho. Le nto ibomeleza udumo lwabantu baseRussia kwiipolitiki zaseYurophu, iRashiya yaqala ukuphathwa njengomdlali onzima kwibala lehlabathi. Iziphumo zemfazwe zanyusa iNgilani kunye nabalingani bakhe ukugqiba noxolo lwaseNystadt kunye neRashiya .

Imemori yemfazwe

Ngenxa yenkonzo yokulwa, uPetros owoku-1 wabuya ukuba alahle iindondo ezikhethekileyo, ezijoliswe kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kulwandle. Ukugqithiswa kwembali kwakunokubhenkcezwa ngeprofayili kaPetros ngomhla we-1, ngasemva kwakukho umbhalo othi "Isifakekiso kunye nokuthembeka. Ukugqithisa ngamandla. "

Kuye kwaphawulwa ngezantsi: Julayi 27, 1720 - usuku apho i-Battle of Granges yenzeka khona. Umhla wale duel wemikhosi uyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwiimbali-mlando zempi ngokufunda ukunqoba nokulwa kweenqwelo zaseRussia. Kwaye uGeneral Golitsyn wathabatha ikrele evela kumlawuli waseRussia, ehlotswe ngumbhalo othi "Iqela elihle".

Icawa yaseSt. Panteleimon

Uluhlu olufanelekileyo kumdlali ochasayo lwaphawulwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kakhulu. Kwakuvumelana ukuba ezimbini zokunqoba kweenqwelo zaseRussia kwi-Grengam kunye neGongut zanqotshwa kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo, kodwa zazinomhla ofanayo-Julayi 27. Le mini kwi-Orthodoxy inikezelwa kwimemori yeStel Panteleimon. Ngoko ke, kwagqitywa ukuba kwakhiwe isahlulo esinikezelwe kulo ngcwele eSt. Petersburg. Ngomnyaka we-1722, ukulungiswa kwecawa encinci yenzeke, eyathatha indawo ye-chapel.

Kamva kamva, kwagqitywa isigqibo sokubuyisela icawa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye izinikela kubanqwelisi abaswele eLwandle lwaseBaltic. Esi sigqibo sazaliseka emva kweminyaka emininzi. Ngowe-1914 kuphela, ngokuhlanganisana okukhulu kwabantu kunye nokuba khona kwamalungu oonyana basebukhosini, ukuvulwa okukhulu kwecawa yasePentemonv kwenzeka . Ndiyabulela kwinqanaba lombutho wezempi weRashiya, icawa elibuyiselwe lihlotshiswe ngamatye eemabula, apho zonke iirhulmenti ezithatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yolwandle yokuqala kwangekhulu le-18 zahlulwa.